CN107494852B - Processing method of peony pistil tea - Google Patents
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- CN107494852B CN107494852B CN201710858512.5A CN201710858512A CN107494852B CN 107494852 B CN107494852 B CN 107494852B CN 201710858512 A CN201710858512 A CN 201710858512A CN 107494852 B CN107494852 B CN 107494852B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of peony pistil tea, which comprises the steps of picking, spreading and airing, steaming, drying, pan-frying and sterilizing. The peony pistil tea is natural and pure, the brewed tea water is golden in color and luster, and is dark and fragrant, the elasticity and luster of female skin can be obviously improved after the peony pistil tea is drunk for a long time, men can gain vigorous energy, the peony pistil tea can play a role in health care and health preservation, and the peony pistil tea is a good-class product which is presented to relatives and friends.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of scented tea processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of peony pistil tea.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, people gradually tend to green natural food in diet, and meanwhile, the tea drink gradually tends to green and health care.
Peony is a unique woody and rare flower in China, has large flower size, bright color, beautiful shape and strong fragrance, is deeply favored by people in China, and is called as 'national color, natural fragrance, national beauty and national appearance'. The peony pistil is the most essential part of peony, is naturally rich in various rare components such as amino acid, active polysaccharide, flavone compound and the like, and has extremely strong functions of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney. In flowering season, young girls manually pick high-quality pistils, and the peony pistil tea is prepared by picking and airing thousands of pistils. Because the peony pistil tea is prepared by selecting golden part pistils of high-quality peonies and refining and processing the pistils through a plurality of processes, the yield is rare, and the granules contain pungent and cun gold, the peony pistil tea has the saying that 'the thousands of peonies pick up hundred grams of essence'. And because peony pistil has better color than gold and is made rare, the peony pistil is praised as gold pistil by the world.
The test analysis shows that the peony pistil contains the rare vitamin B3 of up to 120mg/kg, and is the highest content in all vegetable foods. Vitamin B3 is also known as an anti-wrinkle factor, and typical symptoms of deficiency are: rough skin, pigmentation, dryness and desquamation; dysphoria, anxiety, amnesia, insomnia, and paresthesia; sometimes, libido declines. In addition, the peony pistil tea contains rich amino acids, proteins, vitamin E, polysaccharide, total flavonoids and other bioactive substances beneficial to a human body, and has the effects of beautifying, cooling blood, moistening intestines and calming mind.
In conclusion, the peony pistil tea contains various nutrient substances beneficial to human health, has the effects of nourishing blood and liver, dispelling melancholy and removing stasis, is suitable for facial chloasma and skin aging, can invigorate qi and blood, keep the face red, relieve physiological pain and reduce blood pressure after being drunk frequently, and is helpful for improving anemia, maintaining beauty and keeping young and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The peony pistil tea is easy to generate the phenomena of brown liquor color, poor flavor, turbid after being cooled and the like in the processing and storage processes, thereby influencing the appearance of the peony pistil tea and limiting the development of the peony pistil tea to a certain extent.
Therefore, the research improves the quality level and market competitiveness of the peony pistil tea and promotes the healthy development of the peony pistil tea industry by discussing the optimal color protection scheme and the aroma improving technology of the peony pistil tea.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a processing method of peony pistil tea.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a processing method of peony pistil tea, which comprises the steps of picking, spreading and airing, steaming, drying, pan-frying and sterilizing.
Specifically, the processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking: picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading and airing: spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1-2cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 1-2 days in the environment with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-50%, and turning and airing once every 3-4 hours in the middle;
(3) steaming: putting the spread and dried peony pistil into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5-6 minutes at 85-90 ℃;
(4) and (3) drying: cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, and then drying until the water content is 3-5 wt%;
(5) and (3) pan-frying: standing the dried peony pistil at room temperature for 1-2 hours, putting into a pot, heating to the temperature of 30-35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30-40min, then heating to the temperature of 40-45 ℃, stir-frying for 10-12min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(6) and (3) sterilization: placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to make the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box be 1.0-3.5mg/m3And after the ventilation is finished, sealing the plastic box and standing for 1-2 hours to obtain the air-permeable plastic box.
As another preferable technical scheme, the processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking: picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading and airing: spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1-2cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 1-2 days in the environment with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-50%, and turning and airing once every 3-4 hours in the middle;
(3) steaming: putting the spread and dried peony pistil into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5-6 minutes at 85-90 ℃;
(4) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, then placing the peony pistil into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator with the temperature of 12-15 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90-95%, placing an electric heating plate containing peony essential oil in the incubator, setting the temperature of the heating plate to be 45-60 ℃, setting the weight of the peony essential oil to be 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the peony pistil, and performing incense treatment for 8-12 hours;
(5) and (3) drying: drying the peony pistil after the incense treatment until the water content is 3-5 wt%;
(6) and (3) pan-frying: standing the dried peony pistil at room temperature for 1-2 hours, putting into a pot, heating to the temperature of 30-35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30-40min, then heating to the temperature of 40-45 ℃, stir-frying for 10-12min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(7) and (3) sterilization: placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to make the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box be 1.0-3.5mg/m3And after the ventilation is finished, sealing the plastic box and standing for 1-2 hours to obtain the air-permeable plastic box.
The drying mode can be vacuum pulsation drying or microwave drying, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulsation drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 10-11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 10-12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 2-3 minutes; the process conditions of microwave drying are as follows: the microwave power is 150-.
Preferably, before the steaming step, soaking the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3-5 minutes, taking out, and draining, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: (3-4), wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.2-0.4 part by weight of ascorbic acid, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of disodium stannous citrate and 0.1-0.2 part by weight of calcium lactate into 90-95 parts by weight of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 plus materials and 500 revolutions per minute for 10-20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate.
The rabdosia lophanthide extract contains C6 alcohols, which are the enzymatic degradation products of unsaturated fatty acids, and has unique green grass flavor. The unique green grass flavor and the flower flavor of the peony pistil are mixed together, so that the peony pistil tea is endowed with unique fragrant, mellow and dry mouthfeel while the traditional taste is kept. Therefore, after the sterilization in the step (7), the peony pistil tea with unique flavor is further processed by taking the obtained peony pistil tea as a main raw material and taking the components such as the rabdosia lophanthide extract and the like as auxiliary materials, and the specific preparation process is as follows: mixing 80-90 parts by weight of peony pistil tea, 10-15 parts by weight of rabdosia lophanthide extract, 2-3 parts by weight of beta-cyclodextrin, 4-6 parts by weight of sweetener and 1-3 parts by weight of enzyme uniformly.
The preparation process of the rabdosia lophanthide extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis, and sieving with 20-30 mesh sieve to obtain herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis powder; mixing rabdosia lophanthide powder with 50-60% of ethanol water solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: (15-20) (g/mL) and carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 2-3 hours at 60-70 ℃ under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 150-; centrifuging the extracting solution at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min for 10-20 min, taking supernatant, and treating for 2-3 h at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.07-0.06 MPa to obtain concentrated solution; and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the concentrated solution to obtain the rabdosia lophanthide extract, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling temperature is-30 to-20 ℃, the prefreezing time is 3 to 4 hours, the sublimation temperature is 15 to 25 ℃, the resolution temperature is 35 to 45 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.095 to-0.09 MPa, and the vacuum freeze-drying time is 16 to 20 hours.
The enzyme is alpha-galactosidase and/or laccase. Preferably, the enzyme is a mixture of alpha-galactosidase and laccase, wherein the mass ratio of the alpha-galactosidase to the laccase is 1: 1.
The sweetener is one or a mixture of more of sucrose, mannose and white granulated sugar.
When the peony pistil tea is drunk, the glass tea set is selected, the peony pistil tea is poured into the tea set, purified water with the temperature of 70-80 ℃ is added, and the peony pistil tea can be drunk after being soaked for 10-20 min.
Each part of peony pistil tea can be brewed for 3-4 times, and pistils can be directly eaten after the tea water is drunk, so that the nutrition is better.
The peony pistil tea is natural and pure, the brewed tea water is golden in color and luster, and is dark and fragrant, the elasticity and luster of female skin can be obviously improved after the peony pistil tea is drunk for a long time, men can gain vigorous energy, the peony pistil tea can play a role in health care and health preservation, and the peony pistil tea is a good-class product which is presented to relatives and friends.
Detailed Description
Introduction of raw materials in the examples:
the variety of peony in this example is purpura.
Rabdosia lophanthide, Latin school name: rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara is dried whole herb of Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara, perennial herb of Labiatae. Rabdosia lophanthide is a perennial herb, the rhizome is large, thick and strong, sometimes in the form of pimples, and dense and fine fibrous roots. The stem is upright, up to 1.5 m, blunt quadrangular, with four shallow grooves, fine stripes, purple, woody base, nearly no hair, and is densely and slightly soft when being poured upwards; the upper part is multi-branched. In particular to linearstripe rabdosia herb provided by Yuanfang Chinese herbal medicine limited company in Anguo city.
Fine white cloth, available from shaoxing mannhe textiles ltd, pure cotton material, fabric density 68 x 68.
The ozone generator is BF-LS ozone generator provided by Guangzhou Baifeng environmental protection science and technology limited company.
Ascorbic acid, CAS number: 50-81-7, and food-grade ascorbic acid provided by Yonghua chemical technology (Jiangsu) GmbH.
Disodium stannous citrate, CAS No.: 25088-96-4, food grade disodium stannous citrate available from Shanwen Tang Biotech, Inc.
Calcium lactate, CAS number: 814-80-2, food grade calcium lactate from Shanghai Ringsu Biochemical technology, Inc.
The peony essential oil is prepared from oral peony essential oil provided by Luoyang Hongjianxiang peony biological limited company.
Beta-cyclodextrin, CAS number: 68168-23-0, food-grade beta-cyclodextrin from Shanghai Sishi Biotech limited.
Sucrose, CAS number: 57-50-1, food-grade sucrose provided by Kyork chemical science and technology limited, Baishi, Shanghai.
The ethanol is food grade ethanol provided by Suzhou Europe speciality chemical Co.
α -galactosidase, CAS No.: 9025-35-8, and adopts food-grade alpha-galactosidase with enzyme activity of 250U/mg provided by Shanghai Xin Yu Biotech Co., Ltd.
Laccase, CAS number: 80498-15-3, and food-grade laccase with enzyme activity of 250U/mg provided by Shanghai Bo & Ho Biotech limited.
Example 1
The processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) putting the spread and dried peony pistil into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(4) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, and performing microwave drying until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the microwave drying are as follows: the microwave power is 150W, and the microwave frequency is 2450 MHz;
(5) standing the microwave-dried peony pistil at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(6) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, toOzone gas is introduced into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the plastic box can be closed to be 2.5mg/m3And after the ventilation is finished, sealing the plastic box and standing for 1 hour to obtain the air-permeable plastic box.
Example 2
The processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) putting the spread and dried peony pistil into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(4) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, carrying out vacuum pulse drying until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes;
(5) standing the peony pistil subjected to vacuum pulse drying at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(6) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box is 2.5mg/m3And after the ventilation is finished, sealing the plastic box and standing for 1 hour to obtain the air-permeable plastic box.
Therapeutic effect test of example 2: 60 female patients were treated, and the patients had the following symptoms: chloasma, skin aging, and physiological pain on face. The patients take the peony pistil tea in the morning and at night respectively, 1.5 g of the peony pistil tea is taken each time, and the peony pistil tea is taken with pure water at 80 ℃. After continuously taking the medicine for 60 days, 65 percent of patients have no chloasma on the face, the face is ruddy, the spirit is full, and no pain is caused in the physiological period; chloasma on the face is reduced in 30% of patients, and pain in physiological period is relieved.
Example 3
The processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) dipping the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: and 3, taking out and draining, wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.4 weight part of ascorbic acid, 0.3 weight part of disodium stannous citrate and 0.2 weight part of calcium lactate into 90 weight parts of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate;
(4) putting the peony pistil obtained in the step (3) into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(5) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, carrying out vacuum pulse drying until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes;
(6) standing the peony pistil subjected to vacuum pulse drying at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(7) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box is 2.5mg/m3And after the ventilation is finished, sealing the plastic box and standing for 1 hour to obtain the air-permeable plastic box.
Example 4
The processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) dipping the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: and 3, taking out and draining, wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.4 weight part of ascorbic acid, 0.3 weight part of disodium stannous citrate and 0.2 weight part of calcium lactate into 90 weight parts of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate;
(4) putting the peony pistil obtained in the step (3) into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(5) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, then placing the peony pistil into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator with the temperature of 14 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90%, placing an electric heating plate filled with peony essential oil in the incubator, setting the temperature of a heating plate to be 60 ℃, setting the weight of the peony essential oil to be 0.1% of the weight of the peony pistil, and performing incense treatment for 12 hours;
(6) performing vacuum pulse drying on the peony pistils subjected to incense treatment until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes;
(7) standing the peony pistil subjected to vacuum pulse drying at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(8) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box is 2.5mg/m3And after the ventilation is finished, sealing the plastic box and standing for 1 hour to obtain the air-permeable plastic box.
Example 5
The processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) dipping the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: and 3, taking out and draining, wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.4 weight part of ascorbic acid, 0.3 weight part of disodium stannous citrate and 0.2 weight part of calcium lactate into 90 weight parts of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate;
(4) putting the peony pistil obtained in the step (3) into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(5) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, then placing the peony pistil into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator with the temperature of 14 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90%, placing an electric heating plate filled with peony essential oil in the incubator, setting the temperature of a heating plate to be 60 ℃, setting the weight of the peony essential oil to be 0.1% of the weight of the peony pistil, and performing incense treatment for 12 hours;
(6) performing vacuum pulse drying on the peony pistils subjected to incense treatment until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes;
(7) standing the peony pistil subjected to vacuum pulse drying at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(8) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box is 2.5mg/m3After ventilation is finished, the plastic box is sealed and placed for 1 hour to obtain the peony pistil tea;
(9) mixing 85 parts by weight of peony pistil tea, 10 parts by weight of rabdosia lophanthide extract, 3 parts by weight of beta-cyclodextrin, 5 parts by weight of sucrose and 2 parts by weight of laccase uniformly to obtain the peony pistil tea.
The preparation process of the rabdosia lophanthide extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis, and sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis powder; mixing rabdosia lophanthide powder with 50% of ethanol water solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 15(g/mL), and performing ultrasonic extraction at 60 ℃ for 3 hours under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 150W and ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz to obtain an extracting solution; centrifuging the extractive solution at 2000 rpm for 15 min, collecting supernatant, and treating at 60 deg.C under-0.07 MPa for 3 hr to obtain concentrated solution; and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the concentrated solution to obtain the rabdosia lophanthide extract, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling temperature is-20 ℃, the prefreezing time is 3 hours, the sublimation temperature is 15 ℃, the resolution temperature is 45 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.09 MPa, and the vacuum freeze-drying time is 16 hours.
Example 6
The processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) dipping the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: and 3, taking out and draining, wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.4 weight part of ascorbic acid, 0.3 weight part of disodium stannous citrate and 0.2 weight part of calcium lactate into 90 weight parts of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate;
(4) putting the peony pistil obtained in the step (3) into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(5) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, then placing the peony pistil into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator with the temperature of 14 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90%, placing an electric heating plate filled with peony essential oil in the incubator, setting the temperature of a heating plate to be 60 ℃, setting the weight of the peony essential oil to be 0.1% of the weight of the peony pistil, and performing incense treatment for 12 hours;
(6) performing vacuum pulse drying on the peony pistils subjected to incense treatment until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes;
(7) standing the peony pistil subjected to vacuum pulse drying at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(8) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box is 2.5mg/m3After ventilation is finished, the plastic box is sealed and placed for 1 hour to obtain the peony pistil tea;
(9) mixing 85 parts by weight of peony pistil tea, 10 parts by weight of rabdosia lophanthide extract, 3 parts by weight of beta-cyclodextrin, 5 parts by weight of sucrose and 2 parts by weight of alpha-galactosidase uniformly to obtain the product.
The preparation process of the rabdosia lophanthide extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis, and sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis powder; mixing rabdosia lophanthide powder with 50% of ethanol water solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 15(g/mL), and performing ultrasonic extraction at 60 ℃ for 3 hours under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 150W and ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz to obtain an extracting solution; centrifuging the extractive solution at 2000 rpm for 15 min, collecting supernatant, and treating at 60 deg.C under-0.07 MPa for 3 hr to obtain concentrated solution; and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the concentrated solution to obtain the rabdosia lophanthide extract, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling temperature is-20 ℃, the prefreezing time is 3 hours, the sublimation temperature is 15 ℃, the resolution temperature is 45 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.09 MPa, and the vacuum freeze-drying time is 16 hours.
Example 7
The processing method of the peony pistil tea comprises the following steps:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) dipping the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: and 3, taking out and draining, wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.4 weight part of ascorbic acid, 0.3 weight part of disodium stannous citrate and 0.2 weight part of calcium lactate into 90 weight parts of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate;
(4) putting the peony pistil obtained in the step (3) into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(5) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, then placing the peony pistil into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator with the temperature of 14 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90%, placing an electric heating plate filled with peony essential oil in the incubator, setting the temperature of a heating plate to be 60 ℃, setting the weight of the peony essential oil to be 0.1% of the weight of the peony pistil, and performing incense treatment for 12 hours;
(6) performing vacuum pulse drying on the peony pistils subjected to incense treatment until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes;
(7) standing the peony pistil subjected to vacuum pulse drying at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(8) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box is 2.5mg/m3After ventilation is finished, the plastic box is sealed and placed for 1 hour to obtain the peony pistil tea;
(9) mixing 85 parts by weight of peony pistil tea, 10 parts by weight of rabdosia lophanthide extract, 3 parts by weight of beta-cyclodextrin, 5 parts by weight of sucrose, 1 part by weight of alpha-galactosidase and 1 part by weight of laccase uniformly to obtain the product.
The preparation process of the rabdosia lophanthide extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis, and sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis powder; mixing rabdosia lophanthide powder with 50% of ethanol water solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 15(g/mL), and performing ultrasonic extraction at 60 ℃ for 3 hours under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 150W and ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz to obtain an extracting solution; centrifuging the extractive solution at 2000 rpm for 15 min, collecting supernatant, and treating at 60 deg.C under-0.07 MPa for 3 hr to obtain concentrated solution; and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the concentrated solution to obtain the rabdosia lophanthide extract, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling temperature is-20 ℃, the prefreezing time is 3 hours, the sublimation temperature is 15 ℃, the resolution temperature is 45 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.09 MPa, and the vacuum freeze-drying time is 16 hours.
Test example 1
The sensory quality was evaluated by evaluating the sensory properties of the product using human sensory organs. And (3) selecting 20 examiners with rich experience of evaluation to form an organoleptic evaluation group, carrying out organoleptic evaluation on the peony pistil tea, evaluating the peony pistil tea from three aspects of color, smell and taste, and evaluating the peony pistil tea item by item according to respective evaluation details during evaluation, wherein the evaluation personnel records the scores of the details into a table one by one according to the own organoleptic evaluation, and each score is 1-5. 3 is divided into the lowest standard of the sample, and if the standard is less than three minutes, the sample is judged to be unqualified. For each example, 10 samples were taken and the average was taken as the score.
The sensory evaluation environment is carried out according to a method specified in GB/T23776 2009 tea sensory evaluation method, and the evaluation platform is carried out according to a method specified in GB/T23776 2009 tea sensory evaluation method.
And (3) a special evaluation appliance: a colorless transparent glass, the glass is cylindrical, the height of the glass is 67mm, the outer diameter of the glass is 82mm, the inner diameter of the glass is 76mm, and the capacity of the glass is 250 mL.
The reviewers require: the evaluation personnel should be healthy, have good personal hygiene conditions, normal smell, taste and vision, no smoking taste, and no cosmetics should be used in the evaluation process, so as to avoid fasting state or satiety state. After each sample is evaluated, the next sample is evaluated 10 minutes apart, and the mouth is rinsed with purified water before and after the evaluation.
The evaluation method comprises the following steps: and (4) putting the tested sample in a sample evaluation cup, placing the sample in a bright place, and evaluating the sample item by item according to the sequence of color, smell and taste.
Specific criteria for sensory scoring are as follows: color grading standard: turbidity,
The color of the mixture is golden yellow,
odor scoring criteria: green odor,
Has no peculiar smell and has no odor,
taste scoring standard: strong bitter taste,
The sensory score results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: sensory rating results table
Test example 2
The contents of nutrients in the peony pistil tea prepared in examples 1-7 were tested, and the test indexes include squalene content and polysaccharide content, wherein the squalene content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with squalene content in peony pistil and pollen, and the polysaccharide content was determined by anthrax-sulfuric acid colorimetry and Fobobo strong determination of polysaccharide content in tea. The specific test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: nutrient content test result table
From the data, the microwave drying speed is high in the embodiment 1 adopting the microwave drying mode, but the color of the peony pistil after microwave drying is changed greatly, and the loss of the nutrient components is serious, which may be caused by that water in the pistil is heated rapidly under the action of microwaves to cause steam explosion, the tissue structure of the pistil is damaged, most of heat-sensitive active substances are lost, the effective components are lost, and the efficacy value is lost. In the embodiment 2, in the vacuum pulse drying process, the peony pistils are under the conditions of negative pressure and low temperature, so that the enzymatic browning and the Maillard reaction in the drying process are effectively inhibited, the product quality is improved, the loss of nutritional ingredients is reduced, and a better color can be kept. Therefore, in example 2, compared with example 1, the loss of nutrients in the peony pistil tea is reduced, and the original flavor is maintained to the maximum extent. However, due to the fact that the steaming temperature is high, the activity of color protecting enzyme in the peony pistil is damaged at high temperature in the steaming process, and the obtained peony pistil is not superior in color and luster. Example 3 the color of the peony pistil tea obtained by performing color protection treatment on the peony pistil before steaming is obviously improved compared with example 2. As can be seen from table 1, although the color of the peony pistil tea is improved in example 4 as compared with example 3, the smell and taste of the peony pistil tea are slightly reduced, and thus, example 4 performs the fumigation treatment on the steamed peony pistil. In the examples 5-7, the linearstripe rabdosia herb extract, the beta-cyclodextrin, the enzyme and the like are added as auxiliary materials, and the obtained peony pistil tea is fresh, elegant and comfortable. The rabdosia lophanthide extract contains C6 alcohols, which are the enzymatic degradation products of unsaturated fatty acids, and has unique green grass flavor. The unique green grass flavor and the flower flavor of the peony pistil are mixed together, so that the peony pistil tea is endowed with unique fragrant, mellow and dry mouthfeel while the traditional taste is kept. The beta-cyclodextrin can greatly enhance the resistance of the active ingredients of the pistil tea to oxygen, light, heat, acid, alkali and the like, thereby maintaining the color of the tea soup. Example 5 with laccase, peony pistil tea has a golden and bright liquor color, but also causes a small amount of phenolic substances to be oxidized, so that the taste is slightly flat. Example 6 using alpha-galactosidase, the aroma and taste of peony pistil tea changed greatly, because the soluble sugar content increased by the action of alpha-galactosidase, the bitterness and astringency of peony pistil tea decreased, and the taste was more mellow.
Claims (4)
1. The processing method of the peony pistil tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) picking: picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading and airing: spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1-2cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 1-2 days in the environment with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-50%, and turning and airing once every 3-4 hours in the middle;
(3) steaming: putting the spread and dried peony pistil into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5-6 minutes at 85-90 ℃;
(4) fumigating: cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, then placing the peony pistil into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator with the temperature of 12-15 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90-95%, placing an electric heating plate containing peony essential oil in the incubator, setting the temperature of the heating plate to be 45-60 ℃, setting the weight of the peony essential oil to be 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the peony pistil, and performing incense treatment for 8-12 hours;
(5) and (3) drying: drying the peony pistil after the incense treatment until the water content is 3-5 wt%;
(6) and (3) pan-frying: standing the dried peony pistil at room temperature for 1-2 hours, putting into a pot, heating to the temperature of 30-35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30-40min, then heating to the temperature of 40-45 ℃, stir-frying for 10-12min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(7) and (3) sterilization: placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to make the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box be 1.0-3.5mg/m3After the ventilation is finished, the plastic box is sealed and placed for 1-2 hours to obtain the air-permeable plastic box;
before the steaming step, soaking the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3-5 minutes, taking out, and draining, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: (3-4), wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.2-0.4 part by weight of ascorbic acid, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of disodium stannous citrate and 0.1-0.2 part by weight of calcium lactate into 90-95 parts by weight of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 plus materials and 500 revolutions per minute for 10-20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate;
after the sterilization in the step (7), uniformly mixing 80-90 parts by weight of the obtained peony pistil tea, 10-15 parts by weight of rabdosia lophanthide extract, 2-3 parts by weight of beta-cyclodextrin, 4-6 parts by weight of sweetener and 1-3 parts by weight of enzyme;
the preparation process of the rabdosia lophanthide extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis, and sieving with 20-30 mesh sieve to obtain herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis powder; mixing rabdosia lophanthide powder with 50-60% of ethanol water solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: (15-20) (g/mL) and carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 2-3 hours at 60-70 ℃ under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 150-; centrifuging the extracting solution at the rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min for 10-20 min, taking supernatant, and treating for 2-3 h at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.07-0.06 MPa to obtain concentrated solution; and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the concentrated solution to obtain the rabdosia lophanthide extract, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: pre-cooling temperature is-30 to-20 ℃, pre-freezing time is 3 to 4 hours, sublimation temperature is 15 to 25 ℃, resolution temperature is 35 to 45 ℃, vacuum degree is-0.095 to-0.09 MPa, and vacuum freeze drying time is 16 to 20 hours;
the enzyme is a mixture of alpha-galactosidase and laccase, wherein the mass ratio of the alpha-galactosidase to the laccase is 1: 1.
2. The processing method of peony pistil tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying mode is vacuum pulse drying or microwave drying, wherein the process conditions of vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 10-11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 10-12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 2-3 minutes; the process conditions of microwave drying are as follows: the microwave power is 150-.
3. The processing method of peony pistil tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sweetener is one or more of sucrose, mannose and white sugar.
4. The method for processing peony pistil tea as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) picking stamens of oil peonies in full bloom stage;
(2) spreading peony pistil on a bamboo plaque with the thickness of 1cm, covering a layer of fine white cloth on the peony pistil, spreading and airing for 2 days in an environment with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40%, and turning and airing once every 3 hours in the middle;
(3) dipping the spread and dried peony pistils in a color fixative for 3 minutes, wherein the mass ratio of the spread and dried peony pistils to the color fixative is 1: and 3, taking out and draining, wherein the color fixative is prepared by the following steps: adding 0.4 weight part of ascorbic acid, 0.3 weight part of disodium stannous citrate and 0.2 weight part of calcium lactate into 90 weight parts of water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes to obtain the calcium lactate;
(4) putting the peony pistil obtained in the step (3) into a steamer, laying lotus leaves below the peony pistil, and steaming for 5 minutes at 90 ℃;
(5) cooling the steamed peony pistil to room temperature, then placing the peony pistil into a constant-temperature constant-humidity incubator with the temperature of 14 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90%, placing an electric heating plate filled with peony essential oil in the incubator, setting the temperature of a heating plate to be 60 ℃, setting the weight of the peony essential oil to be 0.1% of the weight of the peony pistil, and performing incense treatment for 12 hours;
(6) performing vacuum pulse drying on the peony pistils subjected to incense treatment until the moisture content is 3 wt%, wherein the process conditions of the vacuum pulse drying are as follows: the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is 11kPa, the vacuum maintaining time is 12 minutes, and the normal pressure maintaining time is 3 minutes;
(7) standing the peony pistil subjected to vacuum pulse drying at room temperature for 2 hours, putting the peony pistil into a stainless steel pot, heating to the temperature of 35 ℃, stir-frying the peony pistil for 30min, heating to the temperature of 40 ℃, stir-frying for 10min, taking out the peony pistil, and cooling to the room temperature;
(8) placing peony pistil into a sealable plastic box, and introducing ozone gas into the plastic box to ensure that the ozone concentration in the sealable plastic box is 2.5mg/m3To ventilateAfter the peony pistil tea is formed, the plastic box is sealed, and the peony pistil tea is obtained after the peony pistil tea is placed for 1 hour;
(9) mixing 85 parts by weight of peony pistil tea, 10 parts by weight of rabdosia lophanthide extract, 3 parts by weight of beta-cyclodextrin, 5 parts by weight of sucrose, 1 part by weight of alpha-galactosidase and 1 part by weight of laccase uniformly to obtain the peony pistil tea;
the preparation process of the rabdosia lophanthide extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis, and sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain herba Rabdosiae Lophanthoidis powder; mixing rabdosia lophanthide powder with 50% of ethanol water solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 15(g/mL), and performing ultrasonic extraction at 60 ℃ for 3 hours under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 150W and ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz to obtain an extracting solution; centrifuging the extractive solution at 2000 rpm for 15 min, collecting supernatant, and treating at 60 deg.C under-0.07 MPa for 3 hr to obtain concentrated solution; and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the concentrated solution to obtain the rabdosia lophanthide extract, wherein the vacuum freeze drying conditions are as follows: the precooling temperature is-20 ℃, the prefreezing time is 3 hours, the sublimation temperature is 15 ℃, the resolution temperature is 45 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.09 MPa, and the vacuum freeze-drying time is 16 hours.
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