CN107490918A - A kind of ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmission - Google Patents
A kind of ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmission Download PDFInfo
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
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Abstract
A kind of image intensifer of ultra-low noise in optical frequency standard transmission, including PID circuit boards, phase discriminator, photodetector, electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic modulator, 1 × 2 photo-coupler, circulator, from laser, voltage controlled oscillator, low pass filter, bandpass filter and radio frequency amplifier, based on from laser injection locking principle, two-stage PID/feedback loop is devised.Feedback control loop one of the present invention ensure that injection optical frequency and a wide range of real-time tracking from laser optical frequency, automatic locking, injection optical frequency is realized by the feedback control loop of the second level and the locking of optical frequency phase is exported from laser, so as to realize the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency.The optical frequency reference signal for accurately regenerating transmission can be held in distant, whole system realizes narrow bandwidth, high-gain, ultra-low noise simultaneously, suitable for fields such as light clock comparison, optical frequency standard transmission, help to mitigate Transmission system complexity, improve the transmission precision of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the transmission of high-precision optical fiber optical frequency, particularly a kind of long-distance optical fiber optical frequency Transmission system
In ultra-low noise amplifier, main purpose is that the loss to signal light power in long-distance optical fiber transmission compensates, so as to
The frequency reference signal for accurately recovering local side is held in distant, can be applied to the fields such as light clock compares, optical frequency transmits.
Background technology
High-precision frequency standard and its to transmit and compare be precisely punctual time service, precise navigation positioning, radar network composite, deep space
General character underlying issue and key in the great infrastructure constructions and front line science research such as detection, delicate metering and measurement
One of technology.With the continuous progress of modern clock technology in terms of standard, the second for the ground hydrogen atomic clock that the GPS/ Big Dippeves use is steady
Fixed degree has reached 1 × 10-13Magnitude, while the frequency uncertainty for establishing the Cesium atomic fountain clock of current international time-frequency standard can
Less than 1 × 10-15.In recent years, the frequency stability and uncertainty for being expected to the light clock as time-frequency standard of new generation are reached
1×10-18Magnitude.In order to transmit such high-precision optical frequency standard, traditional satellite transmission method far can not expire
Sufficient demand, thus the high-precision optical Frequency Transfer technology based on optical fiber is arisen at the historic moment.Have been demonstrated that, the frequency based on optical fiber passes
The technology of passing can meet the transmission demand of optical frequency standard, but technique among transmittance process except needing to optical fiber
Outside the noise that link introduces compensates, the signal power loss caused by being transmitted to long-distance link compensates, and improves
The signal to noise ratio of detectable signal is also extremely important.
In order to which the loss to signal power compensates, there has been proposed a variety of solutions.First technology one：
Grosche G,Terra O,Predehl K,et al.Optical frequency transfer via 146km fiber
link with 10-19relative accuracy[J].Optics letters,2009,34(15):2270-2272, pass through
The signal power of loss is compensated using fiber bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).But due to two-way EDFA amplification
Any optoisolator can not be used with roomy and two-way operation, so the end face reflection, Rayleigh scattering light in link can be right
EDFA produces unnecessary light feedback, and that triggers EDFA is excited effect, and this gain for just limiting EDFA (is usually 18-
20dB), and the stability of optical frequency transmission can be deteriorated.
First technology two：Terra O,Grosche G,Schnatz H.Brillouin amplification in
phase coherent transfer of optical frequencies over 480km fiber[J].Optics
express,2010,18(15):16102-16111, it is proposed that the scheme of optical fiber Brillouin amplification.Optical fiber Brillouin amplifier
Advantage is that the amplification bandwidth of signal is small (typically smaller than 30MHz).In the scene of a typical optical frequency transmission, optical frequency letter
The optical frequency of bi-directional and both direction differs tens MHz number in a fiber.So when using optical fiber Brillouin amplifier, two
The optical frequency in individual direction can amplify respectively, so as to avoid the amplification of rayleigh backscattering signal to amplifier gain and transmit steady
Qualitatively influence.However, due to the small gain bandwidth of optical fiber Brillouin amplifier, in order to ensure the effect of amplification, in usual cloth
The optical frequency of deep pumping laser needs to be locked in the optical frequency of exaggerated optical signal, adds the complexity of system, and due to its according to
Optical pumping is so used, so can also deteriorate the performance of transmission system to a certain extent.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes the ultra-low noise amplifier in a kind of optical frequency standard transmission, and the amplifier is noted from laser
Enter on the basis of locking realizes narrow bandwidth, high-gain light amplification, devise two-stage PID/feedback loop, first order feedback control loop is protected
Injection optical frequency and a wide range of real-time tracking from laser optical frequency, automatic locking are demonstrate,proved；The feedback control loop of the second level realizes note
Enter optical frequency and the locking from laser output optical frequency phase, so as to realize the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmission, its feature is, including the one 1 × 2nd optical coupling
Device, electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic modulator, circulator, from laser, the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler, the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler,
41 × 2 photo-couplers, radio frequency band filter, the first radio frequency amplifier, radio frequency reference signal circuit, the first phase discriminator, first
PID circuit boards, radio frequency low pass filter, the second radio frequency amplifier, the second phase discriminator, the 2nd PID circuit boards, the first photodetection
Device, the second photodetector and voltage controlled oscillator；
Described radio frequency reference signal circuit sends three road frequency reference signals：First via transmitting local frequency reference signal enters
The reference frequency input port of first phase discriminator, the second road frequency reference signal enter the reference frequency input of the second phase discriminator
Mouthful, the 3rd road frequency reference signal enters the microwave input port of described electrooptic modulator, optical frequency reference signal through the 1st ×
After the input port input of 2 photo-couplers, pass through the optical frequency of the first output port output of the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler
Optical input ports input of the standard signal through electrooptic modulator, modulates to form swashing with modulation sideband, by electrooptic modulator
Light, the output end through the electrooptic modulator are connected with the optical input port of acousto-optic modulator, and the delivery outlet of the acousto-optic modulator connects
Connect the first port of circulator, the output light injection of the second port of circulator is from the optical port of laser, through from laser
Exported after amplification from the optical port, return to the second port of circulator, then the 2nd 1 is output to by the 3rd port of circulator ×
2 photo-couplers, input light is divided into two tunnels through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler, all the way the first output through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler
End output, incide after the first photodetector produces radiofrequency signal and inputted successively through radio frequency band filter and radio frequency amplifier
By phase discriminator after the signal frequency input of first phase discriminator, with described transmitting local frequency reference signal fusing generation error signal
Output end exports, and passes through from the current-modulation mouth of laser and inputs through PID circuit outputs control signal, to carrying out electric current from laser
Modulation；Second output end output of the another way through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler, is divided into two-way through the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler, wherein
All the way from the output of the first output end of the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler as the optical frequency output injection after amplifying the optical fiber chain all the way under
In road or be supplied to user to use, exported all the way from the second output port of the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler in addition, and by this
The optical frequency reference signal of the second output port output of one 1 × 2 photo-couplers closes beam on the 41 × 2nd described photo-coupler
Afterwards, the output end through the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler is output to the second photodetector beat frequency and produces radiofrequency signal, the radiofrequency signal
It is input to successively after radio frequency low pass filter and the second radio frequency amplifier by the signal frequency input port of the second phase discriminator
The output port output error signal by the second phase discriminator is passed through in second phase discriminator, and after being compared with the second road frequency reference signal
To the 2nd PID circuits, voltage controlled oscillator is acted on through the 2nd PID circuit output control signals, voltage controlled oscillator output is penetrated
Frequency signal function, so as to drive acousto-optic modulator to carry out frequency modulation(PFM), completes second level PID loop feedback in acousto-optic modulator.
The described injection locking process from laser is locked by two-stage PID/feedback loop, and the first order is used to inject
Optical frequency and the automatic wide range of frequencies locking from laser optical frequency, the second level are used to inject optical frequency and the phase from laser optical frequency
Locking
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) based on the injection locking principle from laser, in lock-out state, from the output characteristics and injection light of laser
The characteristic of frequency is consistent, and when dim light injects, and injects optical frequency and locking bandwidth from laser optical frequency is smaller, so will
Its as signal regenerative amplification in use, narrow bandwidth (being less than 100MHz), high-gain (40-50dB) two can be met simultaneously
Feature.Compared to EDFA, its gain bandwidth is small, high gain；Compared to optical fiber Brillouin amplifier, it does not need optical pumping,
It is simple in construction, it is easy to use.
2) two-stage PID/feedback loop is devised, first order feedback control loop ensure that injection optical frequency and from laser optical frequency
A wide range of real-time tracking, automatic locking；The feedback control loop of the second level exists the PGC demodulation of the optical frequency signal amplified from laser
In the phase of injection optical frequency, eliminating the additive phase fluctuation that injection locking process introduces, (additional frequency fluctuation is less than
1mHz), compared to above two optical amplifier means, the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency is realized.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ultra-low noise amplifier structural representation during optical frequency standard of the present invention is transmitted；
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but the protection model of the present invention should not be limited with this
Enclose.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the ultra-low noise amplifier structural representation in optical frequency standard transmission of the present invention, by
Scheme a kind of visible, the ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmission, including the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11, Electro-optical Modulation
Device 12, acousto-optic modulator 13, circulator 14, from laser 15, the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler 16, the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler 17,
41 × 2nd photo-coupler 18, radio frequency band filter 19, the first radio frequency amplifier 20, radio frequency reference signal circuit 21, first
Phase discriminator 22, the first PID circuit boards 23, low pass filter 24, the second radio frequency amplifier 25, the second phase discriminator 26, the 2nd PID electricity
Road plate 27, the first photodetector 28, the second photodetector 29 and voltage controlled oscillator 30.
Radio frequency reference signal circuit 21 described in Fig. 1 sends three road frequency reference signals：First via transmitting local frequency reference
Signal 211 enters the frequency reference input port 221 of the first phase discriminator 22 in feedback control loop one, the second road frequency reference signal
212 enter the frequency reference input port 261 of the second phase discriminator 26 in feedback control loop two, and the 3rd road frequency reference signal enters institute
The microwave input port 122 for the electrooptic modulator 12 stated.
At least three tunnel radiofrequency signal outputs of above-mentioned radio frequency reference signal circuit.In one embodiment of the invention
211 ports and 212 ports output 1GHz radiofrequency signals, 213 ports output 80MHz radiofrequency signals.If the phase demodulation of phase discriminator is defeated
Enter frequency range increase, then the rf frequency of 211 ports and the output of 212 ports can increase.In actual use, can be by this
Radio frequency reference signal circuit is locked on standard radio frequency source (such as rubidium clock), so as to improve the performance of two feedback control loops.
Input 111 of the optical frequency reference signal through the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11 inputs in Fig. 1, thereafter again from the 1st
After the output end 112 of × 2 photo-couplers 11 exports, the optical input port 121 of input electrooptic modulator 12, which is modulated, makes its shape
Into the laser with modulation sideband, the optics output end 123 of the electrooptic modulator 12 and the optical input port of acousto-optic modulator 13
131 are connected, the first port 141 of the connection circulator 14 of output optical port 133 of the acousto-optic modulator 13, and the second of circulator 14
The output light injection of port 142 from the optical port 152 of laser 15, and after pass through from the optical signal return after the amplification of laser 15
The port 152 and the second port 142 for inputting circulator 14, then exported by the 3rd port 143 of circulator 14.
The output of 3rd port 143 of above-mentioned circulator 14 is the optical frequency signal after amplifying.At one of the present invention
In embodiment, the optical signal power from laser 15 is injected<1uw, it is 20mw from the output of laser 15, therefore the gain amplifier
>40dB.Gain amplifier in practice is determined that injected optical power can lead to by the power output from laser 15 and injected optical power
The coupling ratio of the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11 is overregulated to be adjusted, in one embodiment of the invention 1 × 2 photo-coupler
11 coupling ratio is 2:8.
Optical signal after the amplification of the 3rd port 143 output of circulator 14 is input to the defeated of the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler 16
Input light is divided into two by the photo-coupler 16 of inbound port the 161, the 21 × 2nd, and light is input to through the first output port 162 all the way
The first photodetector 28 in feedback control loop one carries out direct detection, and the radiofrequency signal detected is filtered via radio frequency band logical successively
The signal frequency input port 222 of the first phase discriminator 22 is inputted after ripple device 19, the processing of radio frequency amplifier 20, is joined with foregoing radio frequency
Examine signal 221 and compare generation error signal, the error signal is exported to PID circuits 23 by the delivery outlet 223 of the first phase discriminator 22
Input port 231, give from the electric current of laser 15 and adjust from 232 mouthfuls of output control signals after proportional-integral-differential signal transacting
Donsole 151, so as to carrying out frequency modulation(PFM) from laser.
Said process realizes feedback control loop one.In one embodiment of the invention, the tune of the first photodetector 28
Sideband processed is 1GHz, when keeping injecting lock-out state, is produced without error signal, and once injects optical frequency and from laser 15
Optical frequency shift, then the output error signal of the first phase discriminator 22, control signal modulation is produced after being handled via PID circuits 23
From the driving current of laser 15 so that move from the optical frequency of laser 15, protected until injection optical frequency and from the optical frequency of laser 15
Error signal is zero when holding consistent relock, and now stops movement from the optical frequency of laser 15.The feedback ensure that injection light
Frequency and a wide range of real-time tracking from laser optical frequency, automatic locking.
The light of the second output port 163 output of the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler 16 passes through the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler in Fig. 1
17 points are two-way, wherein 172 ports in fiber link or are supplied to all the way as the optical frequency output injection after amplification under all the way
User uses, and the output of the second output port 113 of the output of the port of another way 173 and the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11 is the 4th 1
Beam is closed on × 2 photo-couplers 18, the output port 183 of the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler 18 exports optical signal to feedback control loop two
On second photodetector 29, obtained beat signal inputs after radio frequency low pass filter 24 and radio frequency amplifier 25 successively
Into the signal frequency input port 262 of the second phase discriminator 26, error signal after being compared with foregoing reference signal 261 via
The output port 263 of second phase discriminator 26 is input to the input port 271 of PID circuits 27, through proportional-integral-differential circuit signal
The frequency modulation(PFM) port 301 of voltage controlled oscillator 30 is acted on after processing from 272 mouthfuls of output control signals, the voltage controlled oscillator
Output action in the rf input port 132 of acousto-optic modulator 13 so as to drive acousto-optic modulator 13 carry out frequency modulation(PFM).
Said process realizes feedback control loop two.Locked when injection optical frequency and from laser optical frequency difference in injection in bandwidth
When, it is locked out from the optical frequency of laser in Injection Signal optical frequency, but their relative phase expression formula is as follows：
As can be seen from the above equation, even if realizing feedback control loop one so that it is locked in from laser optical frequency in injection optical frequency,
Relative phase between them can still change with the change of all many reference amounts so that amplified signal introduces extra
Phase noise.In the embodiment of the present invention, the execution of PGC demodulation is used as using the AOM that centre frequency is 80MHz
Device, PGC demodulation is carried out by injection optical frequency and from laser optical frequency, ensure that the additional frequency fluctuation in injection locking process
Less than 1mHz.So as to realize the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency.
Claims (2)
1. the ultra-low noise amplifier in a kind of optical frequency standard transmission, it is characterised in that including the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler
(11), electrooptic modulator (12), acousto-optic modulator (13), circulator (14), from laser (15), the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler
(16), the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler (17), the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler (18), radio frequency band filter (19), the first radio frequency are put
Big device (20), radio frequency reference signal circuit (21), the first phase discriminator (22), the first PID circuit boards (23), radio frequency low pass filter
(24), the second radio frequency amplifier (25), the second phase discriminator (26), the 2nd PID circuit boards (27), the first photodetector (28),
Second photodetector (29) and voltage controlled oscillator (30)；
Described radio frequency reference signal circuit (21) sends three road frequency reference signals：First via transmitting local frequency reference signal
(211) the reference frequency input port (221) of the first phase discriminator (22) is entered, the second road frequency reference signal (212) enters the
The reference frequency input port (261) of two phase discriminators (26), the 3rd road frequency reference signal enter described electrooptic modulator
(12) microwave input port (122)；
After the input (111) of the one 1 × 2nd described photo-coupler (11) receives optical frequency reference signal, by the 1st ×
The first output port (112) output optics frequency standard signal of 2 photo-couplers (11), and through the optics of electrooptic modulator (12)
Input port (121) input forms swashing with modulation sideband, to electrooptic modulator (12) by electrooptic modulator (12) modulation
After light, the optical input port (131) of output end (123) and acousto-optic modulator (13) through the electrooptic modulator (12) is inputted to sound
Optical modulator (13), the first port (141) of delivery outlet (133) the connection circulator (14) of the acousto-optic modulator (13), annular
The output light of the second port (142) of device (14) passes through optical port (152) injection from laser (15) from laser (15), passes through
Should be after laser (15) amplification through should be exported from the optical ports (152) of laser (15), the through circulator (14) successively
The input (161) of Two-port netwerk (142), the 3rd port (143) and the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16) inputs the 21 × 2nd optocoupler
Input light is divided into two tunnels by clutch (16), the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16), all the way through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16)
First output end (162) export, incide the first photodetector (28) produce radiofrequency signal after successively through radio frequency bandpass filtering
The signal frequency input (222) of device (19), radio frequency amplifier (20) and the first phase discriminator (22) inputs the first phase discriminator (22),
And compare and produced after error signal by the output end of the first phase discriminator (22) with described transmitting local frequency reference signal (211)
(223) export, pass through from the current-modulation mouth (151) of laser (15) and input through PID circuits (23) output control signal, to from swashing
Light device (15) carries out current-modulation；Second output end (163) output of the another way through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16), through the 3rd
1 × 2 photo-coupler (17) is further divided into two-way, wherein defeated from the first output end (172) of the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler (17) all the way
Optical frequency output injection after going out as amplification in fiber link or is supplied to user to use all the way under, in addition all the way from the 3rd 1
The second output end (173) output of × 2 photo-couplers (17), and the second output end by the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler (11)
After the optical frequency reference signal of mouth (113) output closes beam on the 41 × 2nd described photo-coupler (18), through the 41 × 2nd optocoupler
The output end (183) of clutch (18) is output to the second photodetector (29) beat frequency and produces radiofrequency signal, and the radiofrequency signal is successively
After radio frequency low pass filter (24) and the second radio frequency amplifier (25), pass through the signal frequency input of the second phase discriminator (26)
Mouth (262) is input in the second phase discriminator (26), and is passed through after being compared with the second road frequency reference signal (212) by the second phase discriminator
(26) output port (263) output error signal is to the 2nd PID circuits (27), through the 2nd PID circuits (27) output control
Signal function acts on acousto-optic modulator (13) in voltage controlled oscillator (30), the voltage controlled oscillator (30) output radiofrequency signal, from
And drive acousto-optic modulator (13) to carry out frequency modulation(PFM), complete second level PID loop feedback.
2. the ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmission according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Locked from the injection locking process of laser (15) by two-stage PID/feedback loop, the first order be used for inject optical frequency and from swash
The automatic wide range of frequencies locking of light device optical frequency, the second level are used to inject optical frequency and the PGC demodulation from laser optical frequency.
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| CN108490763A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Microwave power stabilising arrangement |
| CN108988948A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Coherent light, which is kept pouring in, passs relay system and trunking method |
| CN109375229A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-02-22 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of laser radar for remote high-speed target measurement |
| CN109768832A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-17 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Low noise coherent optics and rf frequency standard while demodulating equipment |
| CN111193176A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | 方砾琳 | High-precision laser frequency adjusting and stabilizing system |
| CN113471806A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-01 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Multi-feedback laser stepping frequency sweep driving device and method |
| CN114609558A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-06-10 | 之江实验室 | All-fiber NV color center sensing magnetic measurement system and method with stable and modulatable power |
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