CN107490410B - It is a kind of based on represent vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong contactless flow measurement method - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on represent vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong contactless flow measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, including the following steps: (1) position that one or more vertical line is determined according to cross section of river data measures the river surface point flow velocity below testing vertical line using radar current meter；(2) the surface point flow velocity V of a plurality of vertical line is extrapolated by the surface point flow velocity of testing vertical line1~Vp(the surface point flow velocity of total p vertical line)；(3) the truncation surface point flow velocity on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, obtains the mean flow rate V of river surfacesur；Further according to hydraulics empirical equation, mean velocity in section V is can be obtained multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda in the mean flow rate of the river surfaceave；(4) the corresponding river section area of the setting depth of water is acquired according to cross section of river data, is multiplied with mean velocity in section and obtains river discharge value.The present invention can it is quick, convenient, artificial and natural river flow is accurately calculated, be particularly suitable for the complicated disastrous environment such as unattended heavy rain, high flood.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, belongs to measurement river
Flow flow techniques field.
Background technique
Since the sixties in last century, hydrometric station both domestic and external has started to gradually adopt based on artificial rotating element current meter
" flow velocity-area " method measures river discharge.The advantages of this method is that simple, equipment cost is low and the data of measurement accurately may be used
It leans on, therefore this method ends the main method that today is still China river flow measurement.Common contact flow measurement method has rotator type stream
Fast instrument hydrometry, float gauging method, ADCP (Doppler radar section plotter) hydrometry etc..
The shortcomings that rotating element current meter hydrometry is cannot to use in there are the disaster environments such as heavy rain, a wide range of flood,
This is because the floating material in water is more, and sediment content is very big in high flow rate flood water flow, and flood velocity may be more than
The measurement range of general rotating element current meter, so as to cause current meter cisco unity malfunction or the data of measurement inaccuracy.It is floating
The working principle of mark hydrometry be first using buoy is manually launched at upper river, by the cooperation between tester,
Record buoy floats to the time of downstream measuring points from upper river, acquires river away from discrete time data in conjunction with upstream and downstream
Flow velocity.This method needs the cooperation between several staff that can just smoothly complete measurement, it is clear that contour there are mountain torrents
In the case where fast water flow, this method cannot be guaranteed the life security of staff.ADCP hydrometry usually has horizontal ADCP (H-
ADCP) hydrometry, vertical ADCP (V-ADCP) hydrometry and shipping ADCP boat measurement method etc., due to H-ADCP and V-ADCP flow measurement
It requires sensor to be mounted on the water surface or less, it is clear that such working method can enable the maintenance of equipment become complicated and uneasy
Entirely, and shipping ADCP boat measurement method during immense floods prevail, it is various it is unstable due to also result in the safety of measurement
It reduces.
Summary of the invention
Gao Hong is measured based on vertical line point flow velocity is represented in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide one kind
Contactless flow measurement method, can it is quick, convenient, artificial and natural river flow is accurately calculated, be particularly suitable for nothing
The complicated disastrous environment such as people's heavy rain on duty, high flood.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:
It is of the invention a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong including following
Step:
(1) position that one or more vertical line is determined according to cross section of river data measures testing using radar current meter and hangs down
River surface point flow velocity below line；
(2) theoretical according to hydrometry perpendicular bisector lateral velocity distribution, it does not flow back and stagnant water in the section of test
Under the conditions of, the surface velocity size of different vertical lines is directly proportional to the depth of water, extrapolates a plurality of hang down by the surface point flow velocity of testing vertical line
The surface velocity V of line1~Vp(the surface point flow velocity of total p vertical line)；
(3) the truncation surface point flow velocity on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, obtains the mean flow rate of river surface
Vsur；Further according to hydraulics empirical equation, section is can be obtained multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda in the mean flow rate of the river surface
Mean flow rate Vave；
(4) the corresponding river section area A (h) of the setting depth of water is acquired according to cross section of river data, with section flat
Equal flow velocity VaveIt is multiplied and obtains river discharge value Q.
In step (1), the vertical line position selected the vertical line representative for the survey station, the vertical line of selection covers flow velocity point
The turning point of cloth selects the perpendicular bisector position of flow measurement to cover stream central line.
In step (2), the surface velocity VpSpecific calculation method is as follows:
The river surface point flow velocity measured at stream central line where the radar current meter installation site is Vcen, this point
Elevation is Hcen, then the surface velocity V at pth vertical linepCalculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, HpFor the elevation of water surface p point.
In step (3), the river surface mean flow rate VsurSpecific calculation method is as follows:
River surface mean flow rate VsurAre as follows:
Wherein, Vi(i=1,2 ... it is p) the surface point flow velocity of i-th vertical line.
In step (3), the specific calculation method of surface velocity coefficient lambda is as follows:
In formula, C is to thank to ability coefficient, is calculated using Manning formula, formula is as follows:
In formula, n is section roughness, and R is hydraulic radius；Wherein hydraulic radius is the ratio between flow area and wetted perimeter, by
There is cross section of river data to obtain；
The reckoning of roughness n is calculated referring to following formula:
N=(n0+n1+n2+n3+n4)m (8)
In formula, n0Indicate the basic roughness of natural straight, smooth, uniform channel；n1It is to consider repairing for water surface effect of irregular
Positive divisor；n2Indicate the impact factor of river cross-section shape and size variation；n3Indicate the factor that water-blocking material influences；n4It indicates to plant
The factor that object influences；M indicates the factor that complications situation in river influences；
η is comprehensive correction factor, 0 < η < 1, to be carried out again to above-mentioned calculated result when section is there are when stagnant water and return water
Amendment.
The specific calculation method of above-mentioned river section area A (h) is as follows:
Assuming that h is the vertical height of radar and the water surface, sectional area A, sectional area A and the relational expression of height h (are somebody's turn to do for A (h)
Relational expression according to Historic Section data fitting obtain, A (h) expression of different river cross-sections is not also identical, sectional area be about
The One- place 2-th Order function of height h is the prior art, and details are not described herein again).
Above-mentioned river section area A (h) is indicated using table or experience curve.
The inventive method uses contactless radar sensor, chooses representative one or more vertical line testing, warp
Correction coefficient amendment obtains the mean flow rate in river section, then obtains the accurate stream in testing river according to " flow velocity-area " method
Amount；Quickly, convenient, artificial and natural river flow is accurately calculated, be particularly suitable for measuring complicated high big vast period unmanned value
Keep the flow of artificical stream and middle-size and small-size natural river.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is proposed by the present invention based on the technical solution figure for representing the vertical line point flow velocity measurement high mighty torrent amount in river；
Fig. 2 is to make somebody a mere figurehead radar current meter to represent vertical line point flow velocity schematic diagram in river testing to be measured；
Fig. 3 is cross section of river surface velocity cross direction profiles schematic diagram to be measured；
Fig. 4 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data relative error figure.
Specific embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below with reference to
Specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
Emergency repair during the embodiment of the present invention can be widely applied to daily hydrologic monitoring and immense floods prevail monitors
Deng.Fig. 1 is proposed by the present invention based on the technical solution figure for representing the vertical line point flow velocity measurement high mighty torrent amount in river, in cross section of river
When all information, it is assumed that h is the vertical height of radar and the water surface, and radar wave measures stream central line (along water (flow) direction in river
The line of each cross section surface maximum flow rate point) nearby river surface water velocity be Vcen, the mean flow rate in section is Vave,
Sectional area is that the relational expression of A, sectional area A and height h are A (h), then flow Q may be expressed as:
Q=A (h) × Vave (1)
Mean flow rate VaveMeet following relationship:
Vave=Vsur×λ (2)
λ is the dimensionless correction coefficient factor, final flow rate expression are as follows:
Q=A (h) × Vsur×λ (3)
Fig. 2 is that aerial radar current meter in river testing to be measured represents vertical line point flow velocity schematic diagram, by measurement one or
River surface point flow velocity below a plurality of vertical line of person, the vertical line position of selection are generally the representative vertical line of the survey station, select
Vertical line preferably cover the turning point of velocity flow profile, in addition, the perpendicular bisector position of selection flow measurement will cover stream central line as far as possible.Fig. 3
For cross section of river surface velocity cross direction profiles schematic diagram to be measured, according to the theory of hydrometry perpendicular bisector lateral velocity distribution,
Under conditions of the section of test does not flow back with stagnant water, the depth of water of the surface velocity size of different vertical lines substantially with the point
(being also the elevation of the point) is directly proportional, measures (substantially near stream central line) at the vertical line where radar current meter installation site
River surface point flow velocity be Vcen, the elevation of the point is Hcen, then, the surface velocity calculation formula at pth vertical line is as follows:
H in above formulapFor the elevation of water surface p point.The flow velocity of truncation surface point on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, it can
Calculate to obtain river surface mean flow rate VsurAre as follows:
According to hydraulics empirical equation calculate, section be averaged surface velocity multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda can be obtained entirely break
The mean flow rate in face；And surface velocity coefficient lambda can theoretically be calculated with code requirement recommendation with reference to hydrometry formula,
Formula is as follows:
In formula, C is to thank to ability coefficient, can be calculated using Manning formula, formula is as follows:
In formula, n is section roughness, and R is hydraulic radius.Wherein hydraulic radius is the ratio between flow area and wetted perimeter, this can
It is obtained by existing cross section of river data.And the reckoning of roughness n can refer to following formula calculating:
N=(n0+n1+n2+n3+n4)m (8)
In formula, n0Indicate the basic roughness of natural straight, smooth, uniform channel；n1It is to consider repairing for water surface effect of irregular
Positive divisor；n2Indicate the impact factor of river cross-section shape and size variation；n3Indicate the factor that water-blocking material influences；n4It indicates to plant
The factor that object influences；M indicates the factor that complications situation in river influences.These factors can be obtained by river observational data.
η (0 < η < 1) is comprehensive correction factor, so as to when section is there are when the complicated factors such as stagnant water and return water, to above-mentioned meter
It calculates result and carries out amendment appropriate again.In summary it discusses, final mean velocity in section calculation formula can be expressed as follows:
In conjunction with the cross-sectional area in range survey data, the calculation formula that can extrapolate final flow rate is as follows:
A (h) is river section area in formula, it is radar to the function of the height value h of the water surface；In general, mistake
Water cross-sectional area A (h) generallys use table or experience curve to indicate.
Since artificial flow measurement is experienced, the numerical value measured is more accurate, contactless represents vertical line stream to verify this
The accuracy for measuring metering method has chosen the representative survey station in Yunnan and has carried out contactless radar flow measurement and artificial survey
The contrast test of stream: straight about 500 meters of river of test, two sides are farmland, and upstream and downstream is at 30 meters on base nearby without branch afflux
Bend is bend at lower 470 meters of base, and measuring section is therebetween, and upper and lower bend forms control condition, and measuring section two sides are behaved
Work stone-laying, riverbed are made of fine sand, and section is in U-typed, and the area Zhu Hong is distributed at 10~28 meters of start point distance.What manual testing used
It is LS25-1 rotary propeller type current meter, it is contactless to represent vertical line flow measurement and use 26GHz high frequency RG30 radar current meter,
In order to avoid the contingency of single test result, section has done multiple groups test in different times for this test, adds up up to 62 times.
Fig. 4 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data comparison diagram.The cross of stain in figure
The artificial flow measurement value of coordinate representation, ordinate indicate the flow value that contactless radar is measured in same time；Red line indicates the two
Linear fit curve.Experimental data shows the contactless radar flow measurement method and traditional artificial flow measurement value that the present invention is mentioned
Between have good correlation.
Fig. 5 is the contactless radar flow measurement method of the present invention and artificial flow measurement measured data relative error figure.By uniting in figure
It counts as it can be seen that there are about the relative errors of 93.5% tested sample data 8% hereinafter, there are about 69.4% tested sample numbers
According to relative error 5% hereinafter, show this it is contactless represent vertical line flow metering method with quite high accuracy and
Reliability.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, which is characterized in that including following several
A step:
(1) position that one or more vertical line is determined according to cross section of river data, is measured under testing vertical line using radar current meter
The river surface point flow velocity of side；
(2) theoretical according to hydrometry perpendicular bisector lateral velocity distribution, in the condition that the section of test does not flow back with stagnant water
Under, the surface point flow velocity size of different vertical lines is directly proportional to the depth of water, extrapolates a plurality of vertical line by the surface point flow velocity of testing vertical line
Surface point flow velocity V1~Vp；
(3) the surface point flow velocity on a plurality of vertical line is carried out arithmetic average, obtains the mean flow rate V of river surfacesur；Further according to
Mean velocity in section can be obtained multiplied by surface velocity coefficient lambda in the mean flow rate of hydraulics empirical equation, the river surface
Vave；
(4) the corresponding river section area A (h) of the setting depth of water is acquired according to cross section of river data, with section mean flow
Fast VaveIt is multiplied and obtains river discharge value Q；
In step (3), the specific calculation method of surface velocity coefficient lambda is as follows:
In formula, C is to thank to ability coefficient, is calculated using Manning formula, formula is as follows:
In formula, n is section roughness, and R is hydraulic radius；Wherein hydraulic radius is the ratio between flow area and wetted perimeter, by having river
Flow section data obtains；
The reckoning of roughness n is calculated referring to following formula:
N=(n0+n1+n2+n3+n4)m
In formula, n0Indicate the basic roughness of natural straight, smooth, uniform channel；n1It is the modifying factor for considering water surface effect of irregular
Son；n2Indicate the impact factor of river cross-section shape and size variation；n3Indicate the factor that water-blocking material influences；n4Indicate plant shadow
The loud factor；M indicates the factor that complications situation in river influences；
η is comprehensive correction factor, 0 < η < 1, to be repaired again to above-mentioned calculated result when section is there are when stagnant water and return water
Just.
2. according to claim 1 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, feature
It is,
In step (1), the vertical line position selected the vertical line representative for survey station, the vertical line of selection covers turning for velocity flow profile
Break selects the perpendicular bisector position of flow measurement to cover stream central line.
3. according to claim 2 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, feature
It is,
In step (2), the surface point flow velocity VpSpecific calculation method is as follows:
The river surface point flow velocity measured at stream central line where the radar current meter installation site is Vcen, the elevation of the point
For HcenIf the river cross-section leftmost side is that winning peg position takes the point that p start point distance is different and calculate these points according to river width
Surface point flow velocity, then the surface point flow velocity V at pth vertical linepCalculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, HpFor the elevation of water surface p point.
4. according to claim 3 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, feature
It is,
In step (3), the river surface mean flow rate VsurSpecific calculation method is as follows:
River surface mean flow rate VsurAre as follows:
Wherein, ViFor the surface point flow velocity of i-th vertical line, i=1,2 ... p.
5. according to claim 1 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, feature
It is, the specific calculation method of the river section area A (h) is as follows:
Assuming that the relational expression of vertical height of the h for radar and the water surface, sectional area A, sectional area A and height h are A (h).
6. according to claim 5 based on the contactless flow measurement method for representing vertical line point flow velocity measurement Gao Hong, feature
It is, the river section area A (h) is indicated using table or experience curve.
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