A method of extracting lithium carbonate from low-grade lepidolite
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium industrial technical fields, and in particular to a kind of side that lithium carbonate is obtained from low-grade lepidolite
Method.
Background technique
The resource of lithium is essentially divided into brine lithium, spodumene and lepidolite.Brine lithium substantially relies on nature to dry concentration
Lithium is extracted, spodumene substantially uses sulfuric acid roasting method or limestone-based process to extract lithium;And it at present can be with the lithium cloud of mass production
Female concentrate belongs to low-grade, i.e. Li2O content belongs to low-grade intractable lithium ore resource in 2.5-3.5%, simultaneously also
Rich in potassium rubidium caesium, low-grade lepidolite how has been developed and used to China's lithium industrial expansion important in inhibiting.
The method that sodium sulphate, calcium chloride and calcium carbonate roasting obtain lithium carbonate is generallyd use at present, and this method is by lepidolite
(4.0% or more content) is mixed with sodium sulphate, calcium chloride and calcium carbonate by 1:0.5:0.3:0.05 mass ratio, is led at 950 DEG C
It crosses revolving burner to roast 30 minutes, the leaching rate of lithium is 87%, but the salt acid mist of tail gas and hydrofluoric acid mist are needed with complicated spray
System and dust pelletizing system are handled, while equipment is very easy to corrosion, and mass long term of having no idea steadily produces.
A kind of method that lithium carbonate is obtained from zinnwaldite of patent No. CN201310578692.3B() provide laboratory
Production method, but the problem of can equally encounter above-mentioned a large amount of hydrochloric acid mists and hydrofluoric acid mist in actual production.
Patent No. CN85101989B(handles the technique method that lepidolite produces lithium carbonate with potassium sulfate) it is done using potassium sulfate
Calcination agent produces lithium carbonate, and potassium sulfate belongs to deficient resource, expensive, in addition also solves to roast without providing suitable equipment
Burning problem.
Patent No. CN92106977.4B(pressurized boiling process for preparing lithium carbonate with lithium mica ore and mixed base) lepidolite concentrate is existed
870-930 DEG C of high temperature is passed through steam roasting, and then plus auxiliary material is into 2-5 kilograms of soda boiling pressure cooker pressure autoclaving 2-4 hours, by
It is too low in the grade of lepidolite ore, the too low mass production difficult to realize of yield in this way.
CN200810127821.6B(produces the method for lithium carbonate from lepidolite extracted lithium) high-temperature roasting defluorinate is used, then
Add auxiliary material autoclaving to extract lithium, that there is also treating capacities is too low for this method, the shortcomings that cannot achieve large-scale industrial production.
The method that CN201010524594.8A(extracts lithium carbonate from lepidolite) using lepidolite powder and dilute sulfuric acid according to
1:2-5 mass ratio reacts 3-9 hours in the case where 801-850 DEG C to extract lithium, and there is also the high requirements on the equipment for this method, raw
The shortcomings that production efficiency is too low, cannot achieve large-scale industrial production.
A kind of new method that battery-level lithium carbonate is prepared using Ta Nb tailings lepidolite of CN201110026385.5A() it mentions
Lithium is extracted using lepidolite plus dilute sulfuric acid long-time acidleach fluorine removal;CN201210240882.XB(extracts lithium carbonate from lepidolite
Method) mention the technique for adding calcining (similar traditional sulfuric acid process) fluorine removal to extract lithium using vitriol lixiviation;
A kind of method that sulfuric acid roasting method lepidolite prepares lithium carbonate of CN201310062852.9B() it mentions and being extracted using sulfuric acid roasting method
Lithium carbonate;A kind of method for preparing lithium carbonate and potassium sulfate using zinnwaldite of CN201510477466.5A() it mentions using sulphur
The method of sour long-time acid leaching extraction lithium carbonate;The method that CN201510136337.XA(prepares lithium carbonate from lepidolite) it mentions
To using concentrated sulfuric acid acid leaching extraction lithium;University Of Nanchang's (industry science version) (uses sulfate process from lithium cloud the 4th phase of volume 33 in December, 2011
Lithium is leached in mother) mention the method for roasting in laboratory using potassium sulfate sodium sulphate and extracting lithium;Number of patent application
CN101775505 A (method and apparatus that chlorinating roasting extracts lithium from lepidolite) is mentioned using calcium chloride sodium hydroxide also
There is composite caking agent by lepidolite pelletizing, lithium is extracted in chloridising roasting in hollow rail mounted roaster;China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica
(English edition) the 7th phases (chloridising roasting-water seaoning extracts lithium from lepidolite ore) of volume 22 in 2012 are mentioned using lepidolite sodium chloride
Calcium chloride (1:0.6:0.4) is roasted in the case where keeping the temperature 30 minutes for 880 DEG C, and then water logging goes out lithium.
Mean disclosed above does not all accomplish with heavy industrialization produce by a kind of method and accordingly
Equipment produce lithium carbonate, and many methods can not be used in industrialized production at all or actual recovered rate much
Lower than expection.The present invention puts into large-scale industrial production in Ganzhou Ya Tai Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd, and actual effect meets
It is expected that.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to for it is existing in the prior art can not large-scale work from low-grade lepidolite ore
Industry produces the defect of lithium, proposes the method that lithium carbonate is obtained from low-grade lepidolite, can extensive work using this method
Lithium carbonate is obtained to industry with the higher overall rate of recovery from low-grade lepidolite.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of extracting lithium carbonate from low-grade lepidolite, comprising the following steps:
1) low-grade lepidolite and calcination agent, solid fluorine plumper, molding curing agent and high temperature plastotype agent mixing: are pressed into quality
It carries out being mixed to get mixing than 1:0.5-2.5:0.05-0.4:0.01-0.2:0.1-1;
2) form: suitable quantity of water is added into mixing, using building materials with industry block machine, brickmaking machine, non-baking brick machine or
The mixing that person's concrete block making machine obtains step 1) is shaped to the blocky brick of 1-50cm × 1-50cm × 1-50cm;Low-grade lithium
The weight ratio of mica and water is 40:7;
3) it roasts: brick after molding is deposited in above the vehicle of tunnel oven, roasted with 30-200 meters long of tunnel ovens;
4) it is crushed ball milling: will be through the roasting blocky chamotte crushing of step 3) and ball milling to 80% crosses 20-200 mesh;
5) it leaches: the clinker being crushed being used to the method for two sections of counterflow leachings, obtains leachate and leached mud;
6) purification and impurity removal: into leachate, adding sodium hydroxide adjusts pH to 12, is then allowed to stand 40 minutes, purification is obtained by filtration
Liquid;
7) be carbonized sinker: it is 0.01wt%EDTA that dosage is added into scavenging solution;Then by scavenging solution be slowly added into
300g/L sodium carbonate liquor, sodium carbonate amount are the 110wt% of theoretical value, and solid lithium carbonate is obtained by filtration;
8) washing and drying: washing the solid lithium carbonate to settle out 3 times with 90 DEG C of deionized waters, and drying had both obtained lithium carbonate and produced
Product.
Calcination agent described in step 1) is Na2SO4Or K2SO4Gu fluorine plumper is CaO, Ca (OH)2Or CaSO4, molding is firmly
Agent includes but is not limited to cement, and high temperature plastotype agent includes but is not limited to loess or sticking gangue.
Preferably, in step 1), the low-grade lepidolite and calcination agent, fluorine fixing material, molding curing agent and high temperature plastotype
Agent 1:0.25-1.5:0.05-0.4:0.01-0.2:0.1-1 in mass ratio mixing.
It is further preferred that in step 1), the low-grade lepidolite and calcination agent, fluorine fixing material, molding curing agent and height
Warm plastotype agent 1:0.3:0.2:0.15:0.1 in mass ratio mixing.
Preferably, the mixing obtained step 1) in step 2 is shaped to the blocky brick of 24cm × 24cm × 12cm.
800-1200 DEG C of tunnel oven maximum temperature in step 3), cart speed are 15-300min/1 vehicle.
Preferably, a length of 108 meters of calcining kiln in step 3), 930 DEG C of tunnel maximum temperature, cart speed is 120min/1
Vehicle.
The beneficial effects of the practice of the present invention is:
(1) in the present invention using calcination agent and solid fluorine plumper, form curing agent, the agent of high temperature plastotype and lepidolite together at
Shape can keep intensity to guarantee material Quick-forming at normal temperature at low temperatures and high temperatures;
(2) it uses industrial block machine etc. by material forming using building materials in the present invention, heavy industrialization may be implemented
It produces, and has prevented because of dust problem caused by revolving burner roasts at low cost;
(3) it is roasted in the present invention using tunnel oven, can guarantee that the exhaust temperature discharged, can be with lower than 100 DEG C first
Greatly reduce energy consumption, but also can allow high temperature section generate hydrofluoric acid acid mist and subsequent material in CaO and Ca (OH)2
Reaction generates stable CaF, can greatly reduce the hydrofluoric acid acid mist actually discharged in tunnel oven in this way;
(4) conversion ratio of technique of the invention is up to 92% or more, and for the leaching rate in embodiment up to 89% or more, carbonic acid is arrived in production
The rate of recovery of lithium is up to 75% or more.
Specific embodiment
It will be described in detail a specific embodiment of the invention below.
A method of extracting lithium carbonate from low-grade lepidolite, comprising the following steps:
1) low-grade lepidolite and calcination agent, solid fluorine plumper, molding curing agent and high temperature plastotype agent mixing: are pressed into quality
It carries out being mixed to get mixing than 1:0.5-2.5:0.05-0.4:0.01-0.2:0.1-1;
2) form: suitable quantity of water is added into mixing, using building materials with industry block machine, brickmaking machine, non-baking brick machine or
The mixing that person's concrete block making machine obtains step 1) is shaped to the blocky brick of 1-50cm × 1-50cm × 1-50cm;
3) it roasts: brick after molding is deposited in above the vehicle of tunnel oven, roasted with 30-200 meters long of tunnel ovens;
4) it is crushed ball milling: will be through the roasting blocky chamotte crushing of step 3) and ball milling to 80% crosses 20-200 mesh;
5) it leaches: the clinker being crushed being used to the method for two sections of counterflow leachings, obtains leachate and leached mud;
6) purification and impurity removal: into leachate, adding sodium hydroxide adjusts pH to 12, is then allowed to stand 40 minutes, purification is obtained by filtration
Liquid;
7) be carbonized sinker: it is 0.01wt%EDTA that dosage is added into scavenging solution;Then by scavenging solution be slowly added into
300g/L sodium carbonate liquor, sodium carbonate amount are the 110wt% of theoretical value, and solid lithium carbonate is obtained by filtration;
8) washing and drying: washing the solid lithium carbonate to settle out 3 times with 90 DEG C of deionized waters, and drying had both obtained lithium carbonate and produced
Product.
Step 4) to 8) can for it is existing production lithium carbonate method.
Calcination agent described in step 1) is Na2SO4Or K2SO4Gu fluorine plumper is CaO, Ca (OH)2Or CaSO4, molding is firmly
Agent includes but is not limited to cement, and high temperature plastotype agent includes but is not limited to loess or sticking gangue.
Preferably, in step 1), the low-grade lepidolite and calcination agent, fluorine fixing material, molding curing agent and high temperature plastotype
Agent 1:0.25-1.5:0.05-0.4:0.01-0.2:0.1-1 in mass ratio mixing.
It is further preferred that in step 1), the low-grade lepidolite and calcination agent, fluorine fixing material, molding curing agent and height
Warm plastotype agent 1:0.3:0.2:0.15:0.1 in mass ratio mixing.
Preferably, the mixing obtained step 1) in step 2 is shaped to the blocky brick of 24cm × 24cm × 12cm.
800-1200 DEG C of tunnel oven maximum temperature in step 3), cart speed are 15-300min/1 vehicle.
Preferably, a length of 108 meters of calcining kiln in step 3), 930 DEG C of tunnel maximum temperature, cart speed is 120min/1
Vehicle.
Main component (wt.%) in the low-grade lepidolite of table 1
Embodiment 1
Take the low-grade lepidolite 40kg and 12 kilograms of potassium sulfate of main component in content table 1,8 kilograms of calcium sulfate, 6
Kilogram cement and 4 kilograms of loess, add 7 kg of water to be pressed into the block brick of 240 × 120 × 120 mm, 7.7 kilogram weights be always obtained
10 pieces of bricks after natural air drying 24 hours, build up the pillar shape (rest part of 240 × 1800mm on 3.6 × 3.6 meters of brick vehicles
It is adobe for building), an adobe vehicle was pushed away every 120 minutes, is come out of the stove after 1050 DEG C of maximum temperature, 60 hours, and column is kept
Well, each one piece of brick of upper, middle and lower is taken, is crushed, takes 2 kilograms of comprehensive sample, ball milling to 200 mesh will by the mass ratio of solid-to-liquid ratio 1:1
The clinker being crushed obtains leachate and leached mud using the method for two sections of counterflow leachings, and extraction temperature is 60 DEG C, extraction time
It is 30 minutes, Li in leachate2O concentration is 20.5 g/L, leached mud Li2O content is 0.17%;Adding sodium hydroxide purification and impurity removal,
PH to 12 is adjusted, is then allowed to stand 40 minutes, scavenging solution is obtained by filtration;It is 0.01wt%EDTA that dosage is added into scavenging solution;It will be net
Change that liquid is counter is added in 300 g/L sodium carbonate liquors, is kept for 95 DEG C of temperature, lithium carbonate solid is then obtained by filtration, then with 90 DEG C
Solid-to-liquid ratio again plasm scouring 3 times of the deionized water according to 1:3, filtering, drying obtain lithium carbonate product.
Embodiment 2
Take the low-grade lepidolite 40kg and 12 kilograms of potassium sulfate of main component in content table 1,8 kilograms of calcium sulfate, 6
Kilogram cement and 4 kilograms of loess, add 7 kilograms of block bricks for being pressed into 240 × 120 × 120 mm, 7.7 kilogram weights 10 be always obtained
Block brick, after natural air drying 24 hours, the pillar shape of 240 × 1800mm is built up on 3.6 × 3.6 meters of brick vehicles, and (rest part is
Adobe for building), an adobe vehicle was pushed away every 120 minutes, is controlled 950 DEG C of maximum temperature of the material, is come out of the stove after 60 hours,
Column keeps good, takes each one piece of brick of upper, middle and lower, is crushed, takes 2 kilograms of comprehensive sample, ball milling to 200 mesh, by the matter of solid-to-liquid ratio 1:1
The clinker being crushed is obtained leachate and leached mud using the method for two sections of counterflow leachings by amount ratio, and extraction temperature is 60 DEG C,
Extraction time is 30 minutes, Li in leachate2O concentration is 19.4g/L, leached mud Li2O content is 0.18%;Adding sodium hydroxide is net
Eliminate it is miscellaneous, adjust pH to 12, be then allowed to stand 40 minutes, scavenging solution be obtained by filtration;It is 0.01wt% that dosage is added into scavenging solution
EDTA;It is added scavenging solution is counter in the sodium carbonate liquor of 300g/L, is kept for 95 DEG C of temperature, lithium carbonate solid is then obtained by filtration,
Solid-to-liquid ratio plasm scouring 3 times again with 90 DEG C of deionized water according to 1:3, filtering, drying obtain lithium carbonate product again.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.