CN107469640A - A kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN107469640A CN107469640A CN201710595764.3A CN201710595764A CN107469640A CN 107469640 A CN107469640 A CN 107469640A CN 201710595764 A CN201710595764 A CN 201710595764A CN 107469640 A CN107469640 A CN 107469640A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0067—Inorganic membrane manufacture by carbonisation or pyrolysis
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane, belong to separation field of membrane preparation.The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane, belong to separation field of membrane preparation.The step of a kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane, methods described are the methods that carbon membrane is prepared using thermoplastic polymer as carbon membrane presoma, and methods described includes making polymer carry out heat cross-linking, the heat cross-linking technique is：Polymer film is risen to crosslinking temperature and is incubated after a period of time room temperature is cooled to at least 3 DEG C/min speed.A kind of method of gas permeability for improving thermoplastic polymer base carbon membrane proposed by the present invention, technique is simple, easily operated, universality is strong, has preferable popularizing application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane, belong to separation field of membrane preparation.
Background technology
Carbon membrane is a kind of new nothing being prepared by thermosetting polymer film or cross-linked thermoplastic polymer high temperature pyrolysis
Machine gas separation membrane material, has flourishing ultrafine micropore structure, and the separation for micro-molecular gas shows excellent performance.
Compared with traditional polymer film, carbon membrane is also peculiar with Carbon Materials in addition to higher gas permeability and selectivity
High thermal stability and chemical inertness, show to be widely applied prospect and development potentiality in gas separation field, receive and grind
The persons' of studying carefully pays close attention to.It is described as " being most hopeful to realize the gas separation membrane of industrialization ".
However, the gas permeability of carbon membrane still can not meet the needs of industrialization, it is referred to as limitation carbon membrane development at present
One of key factor.In order to improve charcoal permeability of the membrane, researchers use means mainly to include with big rigidity, high free body
Long-pending polymer is film-made as carbon membrane presoma, and inorganic nano-particle is adulterated into charcoal parent and enriches the pore passage structure of carbon membrane, drop
Low gas osmotic resistance, and coated thickness of carbon membrane etc. is thinned as far as possible on supporter.Although these methods can take
Tangible result is obtained, but generally requires higher film cost, larger technology difficulty and complicated technology controlling and process to realize.
The structure of carbon membrane is more loose, and its gas permeability is higher.Come for the carbon membrane prepared by thermoplasticity carbon membrane presoma
Say, the structure of carbon membrane is inherited from the cross-linked structure of thermoplasticity presoma, and cross-linked structure is more loose, and free volume is bigger, after charing
The structure of the carbon membrane of preparation is more loose, and gas permeability is higher.Therefore develop that a kind of technique is simple, easily operated, universality is strong
Raising thermoplasticity carbon membrane presoma cross-linked structure free volume method, can effectively improve prepared charcoal permeability of the membrane
Energy.For promoting development of the carbon membrane in gas separation field, research and the application for promoting carbon membrane are significant.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of high gas permeability thermoplastic polymer base carbon membrane
Preparation method.
A kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane, methods described are to be used as carbon membrane presoma using thermoplastic polymer
The method for preparing carbon membrane, methods described include make polymer carry out heat cross-linking the step of, the heat cross-linking technique is：By polymer
Film rises to crosslinking temperature and is incubated after a period of time is cooled to room temperature with least 3 DEG C/min speed.
The method of the invention is preferred, by polymer film rise to crosslinking temperature and be incubated after a period of time with 3~50 DEG C/
Min speed is cooled to room temperature；Further, it is preferable to room temperature is cooled to 5~20 DEG C/min speed；Further, with 10~
20 DEG C/min speed is cooled to room temperature.
Further, the heat cross-linking technique is：0min~72h is incubated after polymer film is risen into 100~400 DEG C, is risen
Warm speed is 0.1~10 DEG C/min；Room temperature is cooled to at least 3 DEG C/min speed afterwards, obtains heat cross-linking film.
Further, thermoplastic polymer of the present invention is known in the art available for the polymer for preparing carbon membrane,
It is preferred that the thermoplastic polymer is in PAEK, polyethersulfone ketone, polyethers nitrile ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide
It is a kind of.
The preferable technical scheme of preparation method one of high gas permeability carbon membrane of the present invention is：
(1) compound concentration 5wt.%~80wt.% thermoplastic-polymer solution；
(2) unsupported film is prepared using thermoplastic-polymer solution, or prepares support membrane, dry solidification；
(3) unsupported film after dry solidification or support membrane are subjected to heat cross-linking in heating furnace, condition is：By polymer
Film is incubated 0min~72h after rising to 100~400 DEG C, and heating rate is 0.1~10 DEG C/min；Afterwards with least 3 DEG C/min speed
It is cooled to, obtains heat cross-linking film；
(4) heat cross-linking film carries out pyrolysis charring in retort in vacuum or inert atmosphere, and inert gas flow is
50~1000mL/min, carbonization temperature are 400~1000 DEG C, and heating rate be 0.1~10 DEG C/min, constant temperature time for 0min~
24h, obtain carbon membrane.
Preferably, the solvent of polymer is dimethyl acetamide, dimethylformamide, N-methyl pyrrole in the step (1)
One kind in pyrrolidone.
Above-mentioned technical proposal, in the step (2), the unsupported film and support membrane can use art-disclosed techniques
Prepared by means, such as knife coating.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the thermoplastic-polymer solution is made up of thermoplastic polymer and solvent, wherein thermoplastic
The concentration of property polymer is 5~80wt.%；Further, it is preferable to polymer concentration is 10~30wt.%；
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the solvent is preferably dimethyl acetamide, dimethylformamide, N-methyl pyrrolidones
In one kind.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the inert atmosphere is one kind in nitrogen, argon gas.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, preferably inert gas flow is 80~200ml/min.
The expression way of " 0min " is referred to herein, soaking time is 0 after referring to heating up or cooling to design temperature, such as
" polymer film is risen to after 400 DEG C and is incubated 0min, heating rate is 0.1~10 DEG C/min；Afterwards with least 3 DEG C/min speed
Be cooled to room temperature " refer to polymer film risen to 400 DEG C after, directly cooled without insulation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of gas permeability for improving thermoplastic polymer base carbon membrane provided by the invention
The method of energy, this method can effectively improve the free volume of thermoplasticity carbon membrane presoma cross-linked structure, and then improve carbon membrane knot
The gas porosity of structure, the effective gas permeability for improving carbon membrane.A kind of raising thermoplastic polymer base carbon membrane proposed by the present invention
Gas permeability method, technique is simple, easily operated, universality is strong, has preferable popularizing application prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD spectra and same process condition of the non-supported carbon membrane of polyarylether ketone group prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1
Under, the XRD spectra of carbon membrane prepared by pretreatment Temperature fall, interior table is the 2 of (002) face diffraction maximum drawn according to diffraction curve
θ angles, and the d calculated002Value.Wherein pretreatment cooling speed is that 2 θ of the carbon membrane prepared by 10 DEG C/min are smaller, d002Value compared with
Greatly, illustrate that its carbon structure is more loose than the carbon structure of the carbon membrane prepared by pretreatment Temperature fall, the structure and the infiltration system of table 1
Number rule matches.
Fig. 2 is the separating layer pore size distribution curve of the polyarylether ketone group support carbon membrane prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 5, and
Under the conditions of same process, the pore size distribution curve of carbon membrane prepared by pretreatment Temperature fall, interior table is pore structure parameter.It is wherein pre-
Handle the aperture summary that the aperture ratio that rate of temperature fall is the carbon membrane prepared by 10 DEG C/min pre-processes the carbon membrane prepared by Temperature fall
Greatly, and specific surface area is bigger, and total pore volume is bigger, but Micropore volume is smaller, illustrates to pre-process carbon membrane prepared by fast cooling
Pore structure yardstick it is bigger, structure is more loose, pretreatment Temperature fall prepare carbon membrane pore structure it is smaller, structure more causes
It is close.
Embodiment
Following non-limiting examples can make one of ordinary skill in the art be more fully understood the present invention, but not with
Any mode limits the present invention.
Test method described in following embodiments, it is conventional method unless otherwise specified；The reagent and material, such as
Without specified otherwise, commercially obtain.
Embodiment 1
PAEK and dimethyl acetamide are made into 16wt.% solution, the striking film forming on flat board.Dry solidification
Afterwards, heat cross-linking is carried out in Muffle furnace, heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, is warming up to 370 DEG C of heat cross-linking temperature, constant temperature time is
30min, it is cooled to 10 DEG C/min speed after room temperature and obtains heat cross-linking film；Under the protection of 100ml/min nitrogen, carbonized in tubular type
600 DEG C are warming up to 3 DEG C/min in stove, constant temperature 1h, obtains carbon membrane, its gas permeability and separation performance is as shown in table 1.Meanwhile phase
With under preparation condition, the gas that heat cross-linking is naturally cooling to carbonize the polyarylether ketone group carbon membrane being prepared after room temperature with stove permeates
Separating property, also as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2~4
The method that embodiment 1 is repeated by the thermoplastic polymer specified in table 1 below, test result is listed in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment 5
PAEK and dimethyl acetamide are made into 20wt.% solution, the casting film-forming on porous ceramic plate.Dry
After solidification, heat cross-linking is carried out in Muffle furnace, heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, is warming up to heat cross-linking temperature as 370 DEG C, heating speed
Rate is 3 DEG C/min, constant temperature time 30min, is cooled to 10 DEG C/min speed after room temperature and obtains heat cross-linking film；200ml/
Under the protection of min nitrogen, 600 DEG C are warming up to 3 DEG C/min in tubular type retort, constant temperature 1h, obtains carbon membrane, the infiltration point of its gas
It is as shown in table 2 from performance.Meanwhile under identical preparation condition, heat cross-linking carbonizes what is be prepared after being naturally cooling to room temperature with stove
The gas permeability and separation performance of PEK base carbon membranes, as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Embodiment 6
Polyamide and dimethylformamide are made into 20wt.% solution, the striking film forming on flat board.After dry solidification,
Heat cross-linking is carried out in Muffle furnace, heating rate is 1 DEG C/min, is warming up to heat cross-linking temperature as 300 DEG C, constant temperature time 1h,
It is cooled to 10 DEG C/min speed after room temperature and obtains heat cross-linking film；200ml/min nitrogen protection under, in tubular type retort with
3 DEG C/min is warming up to 700 DEG C, constant temperature 1h, obtains carbon membrane, and its gas permeability and separation performance is as shown in table 3.Meanwhile identical preparation
Under the conditions of, heat cross-linking is naturally cooling to carbonize the gas for the thermoplastic aromatic's polyamide-based carbon membrane being prepared after room temperature with stove
Permeability and separation performance, as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Embodiment 7
Polyacrylonitrile and N-methyl pyrrolidones are made into 30% solution, support membrane is prepared on porous ceramic pipe.
After dry solidification, heat cross-linking is carried out in Muffle furnace, heating rate is 10 DEG C/min, 200 DEG C, constant temperature time 72h of crosslinking temperature,
After be down to room temperature, rate of temperature fall is 20 DEG C/min, obtains heat cross-linking film；Then under the protection of 200ml/min argon gas, in tubular type charcoal
Change in stove and be warming up to 800 DEG C with 10 DEG C/min, constant temperature 3h, obtain carbon membrane, its gas permeability and separation performance is as shown in table 4.Meanwhile
Under identical preparation condition, the gas permeability and separation performance for the PEK base carbon membranes that heat cross-linking is prepared with being carbonized after stove Temperature fall,
As shown in table 4.
Embodiment 8
Using dimethylformamide as solvent, the method for repetition embodiment 7, test result is listed in table 4.
Table 4
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of high gas permeability carbon membrane, methods described is to be used as carbon membrane forerunner's system using thermoplastic polymer
The method of standby carbon membrane, it is characterised in that：The step of methods described includes making polymer carry out heat cross-linking, the heat cross-linking technique
For：Polymer film is risen to crosslinking temperature and is incubated after a period of time room temperature is cooled to at least 3 DEG C/min speed.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：Polymer film is risen into crosslinking temperature and is incubated a period of time
Room temperature is cooled to 3~50 DEG C/min speed afterwards.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：Polymer film is risen into crosslinking temperature and is incubated a period of time
Room temperature is cooled to 5~20 DEG C/min speed afterwards.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heat cross-linking technique is：Polymer film is risen to 100~
0min~72h is incubated after 400 DEG C, heating rate is 0.1~10 DEG C/min；It is cooled to, is obtained with least 3 DEG C/min speed afterwards
Heat cross-linking film.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：The thermoplastic polymer be PAEK, polyethersulfone ketone,
One kind in polyethers nitrile ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：Methods described includes following processing steps：
(1) compound concentration 5wt.%~80wt.% thermoplastic-polymer solution；
(2) unsupported film is prepared using thermoplastic-polymer solution, or prepares support membrane, dry solidification；
(3) unsupported film after dry solidification or support membrane are subjected to heat cross-linking in heating furnace, condition is：By polymer film liter
0min~72h is incubated after to 100~400 DEG C, heating rate is 0.1~10 DEG C/min；Cooled afterwards with least 3 DEG C/min speed
Extremely, heat cross-linking film is obtained；
(4) heat cross-linking film is in retort, carries out pyrolysis charring in vacuum or inert atmosphere, and inert gas flow is 50~
1000mL/min, carbonization temperature are 400~1000 DEG C, and heating rate is 0.1~10 DEG C/min, and constant temperature time is 0min~24h,
Obtain carbon membrane.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that：The solvent of polymer is dimethyl second in the step (1)
One kind in acid amides, dimethylformamide, N-methyl pyrrolidones.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108499376A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-07 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of hydrophilic modifying polyacrylonitrile-based membrane, preparation method and application |
| CN110711505A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-21 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of high-permeability heat cross-linking membrane |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1830533A (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2006-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of polyether sulphone ketone base gas separation carbon membrane |
| US20090233792A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-17 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Self-standing mesoporous carbon membrane |
| CN104125855A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-10-29 | 佐治亚科技研究公司 | Stabilization of porous morphologies for high performance carbon molecular sieve hollow fiber membranes |
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2017
- 2017-07-20 CN CN201710595764.3A patent/CN107469640B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1830533A (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2006-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of polyether sulphone ketone base gas separation carbon membrane |
| US20090233792A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-17 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Self-standing mesoporous carbon membrane |
| CN104125855A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-10-29 | 佐治亚科技研究公司 | Stabilization of porous morphologies for high performance carbon molecular sieve hollow fiber membranes |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108499376A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-07 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of hydrophilic modifying polyacrylonitrile-based membrane, preparation method and application |
| CN110711505A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-21 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of high-permeability heat cross-linking membrane |
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