CN107465399B - Device and method for calculating fundamental wave frequency of pump flushing noise in logging while drilling - Google Patents
Device and method for calculating fundamental wave frequency of pump flushing noise in logging while drilling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a calculation device and a method for pumping noise fundamental wave frequency in logging while drilling, wherein the device comprises a pressure sensor, a pumping sensor, data processing equipment, a pulse generator and a probe tube, wherein the pumping sensor is arranged on a mud pump of a drilling facility, the pressure sensor is arranged on a mud pipeline of a wellhead, and the pulse generator and the probe tube are both positioned in a drill column of the drilling facility; the probe detects and encodes a measurement signal in the drilling process, the pulse generator converts the encoded measurement signal into a pressure pulse signal, the pressure pulse signal is transmitted to the pressure sensor along a mud pipeline of the drilling facility, the pressure sensor acquires the pressure pulse signal into an electric signal and then inputs the electric signal into the data processing equipment, and the data processing equipment processes the electric signal and calculates the pumping noise fundamental frequency. The invention calculates the fundamental wave frequency of the pumping noise, is convenient for the subsequent research of the characteristics of the pumping noise, eliminates the interference of pumping noise signals and avoids signal distortion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a logging while drilling technology, in particular to a device and a method for calculating fundamental wave frequency of pump flushing noise in logging while drilling.
Background
The wireless logging while drilling is the most widely used logging mode internationally at present, and can acquire a series of parameters such as geological parameters, borehole track parameters and the like in real time while drilling, and draw various logging curves to prepare for the next work.
Fig. 1 illustrates the operation in a conventional drilling installation as follows: mud 10 is pumped from the mud pit 11 using one or more mud pumps 12, typically piston reciprocating pumps. Mud 10 passes through mud line 13 to drill string 14, through drill string 14 to drill bit 15, and back to surface 31 through annulus 16 between the drill pipe and borehole wall 29. After returning to the surface 31, the mud returns to the mud pit 11 via line 17 where precipitation of rock cuttings or other debris is completed, to complete a cycle, and the next cycle is resumed.
A bottom hole pressure pulse device 18 is integrated in the drill string to transmit data signals obtained by a measuring instrument 19 during drilling. The bottom hole pressure pulsing means 18 is a valve or variable diameter orifice that can be adjusted to produce pressure pulses by adjusting the mud flow rate. The downhole device encodes the data signal, and the pressure pulse device valve or variable aperture through-hole size is controlled by the encoded data signal to generate pressure pulses in the slurry that carry the measured data. Arrows 21, 22 and 23 illustrate the propagation path of the pulsed signal generated by the downhole signal device 18 under conventional wellbore conditions. The mud pump 12 likewise generates pressure pulses in the mud line 13, which are indicated by arrows 24, 25, 26 and 26A, wherein 26A also indicates the flow of mud in the annulus 16.
In order to achieve a correct interpretation of the bottom hole pressure pulse, the frequency characteristic of the pumping noise should be calculated by some method, so that the interference of the pumping noise signal is eliminated according to the frequency characteristic of the pumping noise.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for calculating the fundamental frequency of pumping noise in logging while drilling, which are convenient for subsequent research on the characteristics of pumping noise and elimination of interference of pumping noise signals and avoid signal distortion.
The invention relates to a calculation device for fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise in logging while drilling, which comprises a pressure sensor, a pumping sensor, data processing equipment, a pulse generator and a probe tube, wherein the pumping sensor is arranged on a mud pump of a drilling facility; the probe detects a measuring signal in the drilling process, the measuring signal is encoded, the pulse generator converts the encoded measuring signal into a pressure pulse signal, the pressure pulse signal is transmitted to the pressure sensor along a mud pipeline of the drilling facility, the pressure sensor acquires the pressure pulse signal into an electric signal and then inputs the electric signal into the data processing equipment, and the data processing equipment processes the electric signal and calculates the fundamental frequency of pumping noise.
Preferably, the data processing device comprises a collection card and a decoding module, wherein the collection card performs A/D conversion on the input electric signals, and then outputs the electric signals to the decoding module, and the decoding module decodes the data.
Preferably, the data processing device performs a low-pass filtering process on the electrical signal.
The method for calculating the fundamental frequency of pump flushing noise in logging while drilling is based on the calculating device and comprises the following steps:
s1, filtering environmental noise by using an FIR low-pass filter, wherein the environmental noise comprises pump flushing noise, pressure fluctuation noise and random noise caused by various mechanical equipment;
s2, calculating fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise according to the generation principle of the pumping noise and the relation between the pumping noise frequency, the number of the used slurry pumps and the single-cylinder piston stroke frequency, wherein the adopted formula is as follows:
Fn＝SPM*n/60
wherein Fn is fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise, SPM is stroke frequency of single cylinder piston, and n is cylinder number;
s3, measuring the stroke frequency of the single-cylinder piston through a pump stroke sensor, and inputting the single-cylinder piston stroke frequency into data processing equipment; the data processing equipment solves according to the formula in the step S2 to obtain the fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise.
Preferably, the data processing device updates the single cylinder piston stroke frequency every time a plurality of pulses are measured, and the updating formula is as follows:
wherein F is avg Representing calculated single cylinder piston stroke frequency, F old.avg Representing the last calculated single cylinder piston stroke frequency, F new The stroke frequency of the single-cylinder piston measured by the pumping sensor at this time is shown, alpha is updated once every alpha pulse period, and the value range of alpha is 1-9. The single-cylinder piston stroke frequency is calculated in a weighted average mode, the larger the alpha value is, the slower the updating is, the weight occupied by the old frequency value is large, the smaller the alpha value is, the faster the updating is, and the weight occupied by the old frequency value is small.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the pump noise generation principle, the relation among the number of slurry pump cylinders and the piston stroke frequency (the number of piston strokes per minute), the fundamental wave frequency of the pump noise is calculated, so that the characteristics of the pump noise can be conveniently researched later, the interference of the pump noise signal can be eliminated, and the signal distortion can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the operation of a conventional drilling installation;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a time domain diagram of an original signal;
FIG. 4 is a frequency domain plot of the original signal;
fig. 5 is a time domain diagram of a pump signal.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The present invention sets the calculation device 30 of the fundamental frequency of pump noise in fig. 1; as shown in fig. 2, the computing device 30 includes a pressure sensor 32, a pump flush sensor 34, a data processing device 36, a pulse generator, and a probe, the pump flush sensor 34 being disposed on the mud pump 12 of the drilling installation, the pressure sensor being disposed on a mud line at the wellhead, the pulse generator and the probe both being located in the drill string of the drilling installation. The probe detects a measuring signal in the drilling process, encodes the measuring signal, the pulse generator converts the encoded measuring signal into a pressure pulse signal, the pressure pulse signal is transmitted to the pressure sensor along the mud pipeline, and the pressure sensor acquires the pressure pulse signal into an electric signal and then inputs the electric signal to the data processing equipment; the data processing device may be a computer or a processor, and includes an acquisition card and a decoding module, where the acquisition card performs a/D conversion on an input electrical signal, and then outputs the electrical signal to the decoding module, and the decoding module decodes the data. The data processing device performs low-pass filtering and the like on the electric signals, and calculates the fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise.
The measurement signal generation, transmission and reception processes in the drilling process are as follows: the wireless logging while drilling system collects required measurement signals through a probe tube, encodes the measurement signals according to an encoding rule, and then a pulse generator (pulser) generates corresponding pulse signals; the mud pipeline transmits the pulse signals containing logging information to a wellhead, a pressure sensor of the wellhead converts the pressure signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the acquisition card, and the acquisition card carries out analog-digital conversion on the electric signals, then decodes and carries out subsequent calculation. The signals transmitted through the mud pipe include not only the useful logging signals transmitted, but also pressure pulses (i.e., pumping noise) caused by the mud pump compressing the mud, and pressure fluctuation noise and random noise caused by various other mechanical devices, which are collectively referred to as environmental noise. The drilling signal is interfered by environmental noise, so that the error rate is increased, and the accuracy of data decoding is affected. In general, since the pump noise and the signal have close frequencies, the pump noise and the signal are mixed together, and the signal is easily disturbed when the pump noise is eliminated, thereby causing signal distortion.
According to the pump noise generation principle, the relation among the number of slurry pump cylinders adopted and the piston stroke frequency (the number of piston strokes per minute), the fundamental wave frequency of the pump noise is calculated; the calculation method comprises the following steps:
1. filtering environmental noise by using an FIR low-pass filter, wherein the setting parameters of the FIR low-pass filter comprise filter types, sampling frequency, stop band and pass band frequency and ripple coefficients;
2. the fundamental wave frequency of the pumping noise is calculated according to the generation principle of the pumping noise (pressure pulse caused by the slurry pump compressing slurry) and the relation between the pumping noise frequency and the number of the used slurry pumps and the single-cylinder piston stroke frequency (piston stroke frequency per minute), and the following formula is adopted:
Fn＝SPM*n/60
where Fn is the fundamental frequency of pumping noise, SPM is single cylinder piston stroke frequency (single cylinder piston stroke number per minute), n is the number of cylinders, n=2 when a dual cylinder pump is used; when a tri-cylinder pump is used, n=3.
3. The single cylinder piston stroke frequency is measured by the pump stroke sensor 34 shown in fig. 1, and the data processing apparatus solves according to the formula described in step 2 to obtain the fundamental frequency of the pump stroke noise. The pump flushing sensor is essentially a two-wire system proximity switch type sensor, an electromagnetic oscillator is arranged in the sensor, when a metal object (piston) is far away, the oscillator starts to vibrate, the energy consumption of the oscillator is more, and a schmitt circuit in the sensor outputs a low level; when the metal object (piston) is close, the oscillator is weakened or even does not vibrate, the energy consumption of the oscillator is low, and a schmitt circuit in the sensor outputs a high level. The pump stroke sensor 34 is arranged on the guard cover of the slurry pump, and the stroke frequency of the single-cylinder piston can be measured according to the frequency of the output level of the sensor.
4. In step 2, the single cylinder piston stroke frequency is not updated once every time a value is measured by the pump stroke sensor, but the data processing equipment adopts a method of updating once every measured a plurality of pulses, and the updating formula of the single cylinder piston stroke frequency is as follows:
wherein F is avg Representing calculated single cylinder piston stroke frequency, F old.avg Representing the last calculated single cylinder piston stroke frequency, F new The stroke frequency of the single-cylinder piston measured by the pumping sensor at this time is shown, alpha is updated once every alpha pulse period, and the value range of alpha is 1-9. The single-cylinder piston stroke frequency is calculated in a weighted average mode, the larger the alpha value is, the slower the updating is, the weight occupied by the old frequency value is large, the smaller the alpha value is, the faster the updating is, and the weight occupied by the old frequency value is small. The value of α is typically α=9.
The collected original signal is shown in fig. 3, fourier transformed, the obtained spectrogram is shown in fig. 4, it can be seen from fig. 4 that in the frequency range of 2.5-3 Hz, two pulses with larger amplitude exist, and in the frequency range of 0-1 Hz, two pulses with larger amplitude exist, fig. 5 is a pump signal collected in 30 seconds, and fig. 5 shows that the stroke frequency of the adopted slurry pump is 59 (SPM), and the adopted slurry pump is a triple-cylinder pump. According to the above steps, the frequency of the pump noise is calculated to be about 3Hz, so that the 3Hz pulse shown in the original signal frequency domain diagram can be confirmed as the real pump noise.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
Claims (7)
1. The calculation device of the pumping noise fundamental frequency in the logging while drilling comprises a pressure sensor, a pumping sensor, data processing equipment, a pulse generator and a probe pipe, wherein the pumping sensor is arranged on a mud pump of a drilling facility, the pressure sensor is arranged on a mud pipeline of a wellhead, the pulse generator and the probe pipe are both positioned in a drill string of the drilling facility, and the data processing equipment is respectively connected with the pumping sensor and the pressure sensor and is connected with the pulse generator; the method comprises the steps that a probe detects a measurement signal in the drilling process, the measurement signal is coded, a pulse generator converts the coded measurement signal into a pressure pulse signal, the pressure pulse signal is transmitted to a pressure sensor along a mud pipeline of a drilling facility, the pressure sensor acquires the pressure pulse signal into an electric signal and then inputs the electric signal into data processing equipment, and the data processing equipment processes the electric signal and calculates the fundamental frequency of pumping noise;
the calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, filtering environmental noise by using an FIR low-pass filter, wherein the environmental noise comprises pump flushing noise, pressure fluctuation noise and random noise caused by various mechanical equipment;
s2, calculating fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise according to the generation principle of the pumping noise and the relation between the pumping noise frequency, the number of the used slurry pumps and the single-cylinder piston stroke frequency, wherein the adopted formula is as follows:
Fn＝SPM*n/60
wherein Fn is fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise, SPM is stroke frequency of single cylinder piston, and n is cylinder number;
s3, measuring the stroke frequency of the single-cylinder piston through a pump stroke sensor, and inputting the single-cylinder piston stroke frequency into data processing equipment; the data processing equipment solves according to the formula in the step S2 to obtain the fundamental wave frequency of pumping noise.
2. The method for calculating the fundamental frequency of pump noise in logging while drilling according to claim 1, wherein the data processing device updates the single cylinder piston stroke frequency once every several pulses are measured, and the update formula is as follows:
wherein F is avg Representing calculated single cylinder piston stroke frequency, F old.avg Representing the last calculated single cylinder piston stroke frequency, F new Representing this single cylinder piston stroke frequency as measured by the pump stroke sensor, α represents an update every α pulse cycles.
3. The method for calculating the fundamental frequency of pump noise in logging while drilling according to claim 2, wherein the value range of alpha is 1-9.
4. The method for calculating fundamental frequency of pump noise in logging while drilling according to claim 1, wherein the data processing device comprises a collection card and a decoding module, the collection card performs a/D conversion on the input electric signal, and then outputs the electric signal to the decoding module, and the decoding module decodes the data.
5. The method for calculating the fundamental frequency of pump jack noise in logging while drilling according to claim 1, wherein the data processing device is a computer or a processor.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data processing device performs a low pass filtering process on the electrical signal.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pump flush sensor is mounted on a shroud of a mud pump.
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| US8294591B2 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2012-10-23 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Digital signal processing receivers, systems and methods for identifying decoded signals |
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