CN107464883B - Solar cell - Google Patents

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CN107464883B
CN107464883B CN201710713203.9A CN201710713203A CN107464883B CN 107464883 B CN107464883 B CN 107464883B CN 201710713203 A CN201710713203 A CN 201710713203A CN 107464883 B CN107464883 B CN 107464883B
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mass
precursor
solar cell
perovskite structure
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CN107464883A (en
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钱芳林
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Xi'an Crossing Photoelectric Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Xi'an Crossing Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/10—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising heterojunctions between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar cell, which comprises a sprayable perovskite structure photovoltaic material, belongs to the field of photovoltaic materials, and particularly belongs to the field of perovskite structure photovoltaic materials. According to the invention, the lead halide and the methylamine halide are synthesized into the perovskite structure material in one step, and then a proper amount of the binder and the composite phase are added, so that the photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure of the solar cell can be further prepared in a spraying manner.

Description

Solar cell
The application is a divisional application of a photovoltaic material with a sprayable perovskite structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the application date is 2015, 12, 21 and application number is 201510960901X.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic materials, in particular to the field of photovoltaic materials with perovskite structures.
Background
The photovoltaic material is a material capable of converting solar energy into electric energy, mainly is a semiconductor material capable of converting solar energy into electric energy through a photovoltaic effect, and comprises monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, GaAs, InP, CdS, CdTe and the like. The photoelectric conversion rate of the silicon-based material is relatively high, but the manufacturing cost is also high, and the gallium arsenide and other semiconductor materials have the disadvantages of rare raw materials, low preparation efficiency and poor stability, and are greatly limited in practical application.
The perovskite structure material is applied as a photovoltaic material for the first time in 2009, the raw materials of the perovskite structure material are generally cheap lead, halogen and amine salt, the forbidden bandwidth of the material is small, the material has a good application prospect, the photoelectric conversion rate of the perovskite structure material is developed from the initial 3.8% to 15.9% only in less than 5 years, the efficiency of the perovskite structure material is gradually close to that of a silicon-based photovoltaic material, and partial scholars further predict that the photoelectric conversion rate of the perovskite structure material is faster than that of a single crystal silicon photovoltaic material and reaches 30%.
In the practical application of the perovskite structure material as the photovoltaic material, a two-step deposition method and a spin coating method are basically adopted at present, that is, a precursor solution of the perovskite structure photovoltaic material is spin coated on a substrate or other carriers, and then the precursor solution and another precursor solution react with each other to deposit the perovskite structure crystals on the substrate or other carriers, for example, chinese patent application publication No. CN104091888A, a perovskite structure type solar cell and the preparation thereofMethod mentioned in the introduction2/ZnO/TiO2Spin coating lead iodide, lead chloride or lead bromide solution on the mesoporous layer, and then coating CH3NH3I solution is soaked, an active light absorption layer of perovskite structure material is obtained under the condition of heating, and PbI is firstly coated on a compact layer in the example 1 of China patent application document CN104009159A perovskite-based thin film solar cell and preparation method thereof2Heating the DMF solution, and soaking in CH3NH3I in an isopropanol solution to obtain the perovskite-structured CH3NH3PbI3The light absorbing layer of (1). However, for practical industrial application, the above method still has a complicated process, and it is difficult to obtain a strict perovskite light-absorbing layer. Further, there have been some new studies which began to consider synthesizing a two-step deposition process into one step and forming a light-absorbing layer of perovskite-structured material on a substrate by means of spraying, such as Alexander T. Barrows et al (Energy)&Environmental Science 07/2014; 7(9)) in an Efficient plan of conjugated-halide perovskite substrate disposed via spray disposition, a method is provided, in which methylamine iodide and lead chloride are sequentially dissolved in the same solvent, and then spraying and heat treatment are carried out, thereby obtaining the perovskite-structured CH3NH3PbI3-xClxIn the method for increasing CH3NH3PbI3-xClxOn the basis of the preparation efficiency and the industrial application value of the photovoltaic material, the light energy conversion rate of the photovoltaic material is not reduced, and the preparation method is a great progress, but the preparation method still needs to carry out heat treatment for many times after basic spraying, and meanwhile, the spraying mode still depends on the further reaction of the spraying and the further reaction of the solution spraying of methylamine iodide and lead chloride, so that the process controllability is not high, and meanwhile, a high-quality light absorption layer is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photovoltaic material which is simple in preparation process and high in controllability and can be sprayed by using a perovskite structure material synthesized in one step, and the purpose is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a sprayable perovskite structure photovoltaic material comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving lead halide in an organic solvent to form a lead halide organic solution;
2) dissolving halogenated methylamine in an organic solvent to form an organic solution of halogenated methylamine;
3) slowly dropping an organic solution of halogenated methylamine into an organic solution of lead halide to form a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 70-90 ℃ for 30-60 min, standing and cooling for 12-48 h to obtain perovskite structure crystals, filtering out the crystals, washing and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent into the precursor and fully stirring;
6) adding organic polymer resin as a binder into the mixture obtained in the step 5) and fully stirring;
7) adding a conductive inorganic substance or semiconductor nano-particles or conductive polymers as a composite phase into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and fully stirring;
8) adding a curing agent for curing the organic polymer resin and acetone serving as a solvent for adjusting viscosity into the mixture obtained in the step 7), so as to obtain the sprayable photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure;
the organic solvent is any one of gamma-butyrolactone or N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF); the lead halide is selected from PbCl2、PbBr2、PbI2One or more of; the halogenated methylamine is selected from CH3NH3I、CH3NH3Br、CH3NH3One or more of Cl.
According to the technical scheme, the complete ABX with the perovskite structure is obtained3Form crystal (wherein A represents CH)3NH3B represents Pb, X represents one or more of Cl, Br and I), and then a directly sprayable adhesive mixture is obtained by adding a binder and a composite phase, wherein the binder and the composite phase added in the invention do not influence the obtained adhesive mixtureThe crystal form and structure of perovskite structure do not have high-temperature sintering and high-strength interface acting force because the crystal form and structure are alternated with the binder and the composite. If the binder is simply added, the photocurrent transmission effect of the perovskite structure crystal is obviously affected, most organic polymer resins are insulating, and the dosage of the organic polymer resins can become a barrier for photocurrent transmission after being used to a certain extent, so another composite phase for enhancing the transmission effect is needed in the system, when the composite phase is a conductive inorganic substance, the dosage control needs to be paid attention to, when the content of the conductive inorganic substance is too high, the mixed system only shows obvious conductive characteristics and weakens the capacity of the perovskite structure material in generating the photoproduction current, when the composite phase is a semiconductor nano particle, the dosage can be properly increased, on one hand, the composite phase and the perovskite structure material can jointly form a continuous phase, on the other hand, the two can cooperatively enhance the photoproduction current, when the composite phase is a conductive polymer, the dosage can be between the conductive inorganic substance and the semiconductor nano particle, meanwhile, the three composite phase substances can also be used in combination, such as the conductive polymer and the nano semiconductor particles are added into the precursor together.
The silane coupling agent is added in the steps to prevent agglomeration among precursors and between the precursors and the binder, and can be adaptively selected and adjusted according to the separation effect required in actual application.
The curing agent in the above step is a curing agent corresponding to the organic polymer resin added as the binder, and when the added polymer resin can be cured by itself or under other conditions (such as light, heat, etc.), no or little reinforcing agent can be added; the curing agent used can be adaptively selected and adjusted according to the desired requirements of the solar cell.
The viscosity in step 8) can be adaptively selected and adjusted according to the desired spray pattern, such as conventional spray, supersonic spray, etc.
One preferred embodiment of the above preparation method is: the organic polymer resin is one or more selected from epoxy resin, phenolic resin, epoxy-phenolic composite binder, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetal and silicone resin adhesive.
It is further preferred that: the mass of the organic polymer resin is 1-12% of the mass of the precursor.
Another preferred embodiment of the above preparation method is: the conductive inorganic matter is one or more selected from metal, conductive metal oxide, alloy, carbon fiber, graphene and graphene oxide.
It is further preferred that: the mass of the conductive inorganic substance is 10-30% of the mass of the precursor.
Another preferred embodiment of the above preparation method is: the mass of the semiconductor nano-particles is 20-50% of the mass of the precursor.
Another preferred embodiment of the above preparation method is: the conductive polymer is one or more selected from doped polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyphenylene ethylene and derivatives thereof.
It is further preferred that: the mass of the conductive polymer is 20-40% of the mass of the precursor.
Another preferred embodiment of the above preparation method is: the ratio of the lead halide to the methylamine halide is 1: 1-1.5: 1.
The invention further provides a sprayable perovskite structure photovoltaic material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
When the photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure prepared by the invention is applied, the material can be sprayed on a substrate according to the conversion efficiency, the light absorption layer thickness and the like of a solar cell which are expected to be obtained to form the light absorption layer of the solar cell, and then the light absorption layer, the conductive substrate, the hole transport layer, the compact layer, the counter electrode and the like are assembled into a basic solar cell.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure can be further prepared into a solar cell in a spraying mode, and industrial application is facilitated;
2) the preparation method of the invention prepares the material with perovskite structure by one-step method, and multi-step heat treatment is not needed in the follow-up process, thus obviously simplifying the production flow;
3) the photovoltaic material with the sprayable perovskite structure, which is prepared by the invention, can obtain light absorption layers of solar cells with different thicknesses and different conversion efficiencies through simple adjustment of dosage, viscosity and the like;
4) the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and good application prospect.
Detailed Description
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving lead halide in organic solvent to form lead halide organic solution, wherein the lead halide is PbCl2、PbBr2、PbI2The organic solvent is any one of gamma-butyrolactone or N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF);
2) dissolving halogenated methylamine in organic solvent to form organic solution of halogenated methylamine, wherein the halogenated methylamine is selected from CH3NH3I、CH3NH3Br、CH3NH3One or more of Cl, wherein the organic solvent is any one of gamma-butyrolactone or N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and the organic solvent is preferably the same organic solvent as that in the step 1);
the ratio of the lead halide to the methylamine halide is preferably 1: 1-1.5: 1, and the concentration of the organic solution obtained from each of the lead halide and methylamine halide is preferably 1.0-1.5 mol/L;
3) slowly dropping an organic solution of halogenated methylamine into an organic solution of lead halide to form a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 70-90 ℃ for 30-60 min, standing and cooling for 12-48 h to obtain perovskite structure crystals, filtering out the crystals, washing and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent into the precursor and fully stirring, wherein the silane coupling agent used in the method can be adaptively selected and adjusted in the conventional silane coupling agent sold in the market according to the actual dispersion effect in use;
6) adding organic polymer resin serving as a binder into the mixture obtained in the step 5) and fully stirring, wherein the organic polymer resin used in the step is preferably one or more of epoxy resin, phenolic resin, epoxy-phenolic composite binder, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetal and silicone resin adhesive, the basic requirement is that the organic polymer resin has cohesiveness, the dosage of the organic polymer resin is preferably 1-12% of the mass of the precursor, and the smaller the dosage is, the better the dosage is on the premise that the desired cohesiveness effect can be achieved;
7) adding one or more of conductive inorganic matters, semiconductor nano particles or conductive polymers as a composite phase into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and fully stirring, wherein the conductive inorganic matters are preferably one or more of metals, conductive metal oxides, alloys, carbon fibers, graphene and graphene oxides, and in practical application, the actual particle size of the substances needs to be noticed, the smaller the particles are, the better the particles are, and the using amount of the substances is preferably 10-30% of the mass of the precursor; the semiconductor nanoparticles can be selected from common semiconductor nanoparticles, such as Si nanoparticles, Ge nanoparticles, GaAs nanoparticles, SiC nanoparticles, TiO nanoparticles2Nanoparticles, Ga2O3Nano particles and the like, and the using amount of the nano particles is preferably 20 to 50 percent of the mass of the precursor; the conductive polymer is preferably one or more of doped polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyphenylene and polyphenylene ethylene, the using amount of the conductive polymer is preferably 20-40% of the mass of the precursor, and the composite phase can be added independently or after being mixed, such that the semiconductor nanoparticles and the conductive polymer are added simultaneously;
8) adding a curing agent for curing the organic polymer resin and acetone serving as a solvent for adjusting viscosity into the mixture obtained in the step 7), and obtaining the sprayable perovskite structure photovoltaic material.
The above-mentioned various raw materials and reagents can be purchased from the market as chemically pure or analytically pure samples, and also can be used for preparing high-purity samples.
Example 1
1) Mixing PbCl2Dissolving the mixture in gamma-butyrolactone to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.0 mol/L;
2) will CH3NH3I is dissolved in gamma-butyrolactone to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.0 mol/L;
3) will CH3NH3I organic solution is slowly dropped into PbCl2Stirring the organic solution to obtain a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 90 ℃ for 30min, standing and cooling for 12h to obtain a solid in the solution, filtering the solid, washing the solid with ethanol for multiple times, and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent KH550 into the precursor, wherein the mass concentration of the coupling agent in the acetone is 0.5%;
6) adding the normal-temperature cured epoxy resin with the mass being 5% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and fully stirring;
7) adding metal Zn particles with the mass being 10% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and fully stirring;
8) adding an amine curing agent into the mixture obtained in the step 7) to obtain the sprayable photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure;
the epoxy resin cured at normal temperature and the amine curing agent are conventional samples directly purchased in the market.
Example 2
1) Mixing PbCl2Dissolving the mixture in gamma-butyrolactone to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.2 mol/L;
2) will CH3NH3Dissolving Cl in gamma-butyrolactone to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.0 mol/L;
3) will CH3NH3Organic solution of Cl is slowly dropped into PbCl2Stirring the organic solution to obtain a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 95 ℃ for 40min, standing and cooling for 18h to obtain a solid in the solution, filtering the solid, washing the solid with ethanol for multiple times, and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent KH550 into the precursor, wherein the mass concentration of the coupling agent in the acetone is 0.7%;
6) adding polymethyl methacrylate with the mass being 7% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and fully stirring;
7) adding flaky graphene with the mass being 20% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and fully stirring;
8) adding diisocyanate into the mixture obtained in the step 7) to obtain the sprayable perovskite structure photovoltaic material.
Example 3
1) Will PbI2Dissolving in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.5 mol/L;
2) will CH3NH3Dissolving I in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.4 mol/L;
3) will CH3NH3I organic solution is slowly dropped into PbI2Stirring the organic solution to obtain a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 100 ℃ for 30min, standing and cooling for 24h to obtain a solid in the solution, filtering the solid, washing the solid with ethanol for multiple times, and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent KH570 into the precursor, wherein the mass concentration of the coupling agent in the acetone is 0.5%;
6) adding a silicone adhesive binder with the mass being 10% of the mass of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and fully stirring;
7) adding GaAs nano particles with the mass being 50% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and fully stirring;
8) adding a silicone resin curing agent into the mixture obtained in the step 7) to obtain the sprayable photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure;
the silicone resin and the silicone resin curing agent are conventional matched samples purchased in the market.
Example 4
1) Reacting PbBr2Dissolving in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.5 mol/L;
2) will CH3NH3Dissolving I in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.0 mol/L;
3) will CH3NH3I organic solution is slowly dropped into PbBr2Stirring the organic solution to obtain a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 90 ℃ for 40min, standing and cooling for 24h to obtain a solid in the solution, filtering the solid, washing the solid with ethanol for multiple times, and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent KH570 into the precursor, wherein the mass concentration of the coupling agent in the acetone is 1.0%;
6) adding the normal-temperature cured epoxy resin with the mass being 10% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and fully stirring;
7) adding TiO with the mass of 50 percent of the mass of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 6)2Fully stirring the nano particles;
8) adding an amine curing agent into the mixture obtained in the step 7) to obtain the sprayable photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure;
the normal temperature cured epoxy resin and the amine curing agent are matched conventional samples directly purchased in the market.
Example 5
1) Reacting PbBr2Dissolving in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.5 mol/L;
2) will CH3NH3Dissolving Cl in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.0 mol/L;
3) will CH3NH3Organic solution of Cl is slowly dropped into PbBr2Stirring the organic solution to obtain a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 90 ℃ for 60min, standing and cooling for 12h to obtain a solid in the solution, filtering the solid, washing the solid with ethanol for multiple times, and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent KH570 into the precursor, wherein the mass concentration of the coupling agent in the acetone is 1.0%;
6) adding the normal-temperature cured epoxy resin with the mass being 10% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and fully stirring;
7) adding 3-methyl polythiophene with the mass being 30% of the mass of the precursor and the conductivity being 170S/cm into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and fully stirring;
8) adding an amine curing agent into the mixture obtained in the step 7) to obtain the sprayable photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure;
the normal temperature cured epoxy resin and the amine curing agent are matched conventional samples directly purchased in the market.
Example 6
1) Will PbI2Dissolving in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.5 mol/L;
2) will CH3NH3Dissolving I in DMF to obtain an organic solution with the concentration of 1.0 mol/L;
3) will CH3NH3I organic solution is slowly dropped into PbI2Stirring the organic solution to obtain a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 95 ℃ for 60min, standing and cooling for 24h to obtain a solid in the solution, filtering the solid, washing the solid with ethanol for multiple times, and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent KH570 into the precursor, wherein the mass concentration of the coupling agent in the acetone is 1.0%;
6) adding the normal-temperature cured epoxy resin with the mass being 12% of that of the precursor into the mixture obtained in the step 5), and fully stirring;
7) to the mixture obtained in step 6)Adding 3-methyl polythiophene with the mass being 10% of that of the precursor into the compound, wherein the polythiophene is processed by FeCl3Oxidizing, wherein the conductivity of the oxide is 170S/cm; simultaneously adding TiO with the mass being 50 percent of the mass of the precursor2Fully stirring the nano particles;
8) adding an amine curing agent into the mixture obtained in the step 7) to obtain the sprayable photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure;
the normal temperature cured epoxy resin and the amine curing agent are matched conventional samples directly purchased in the market.
Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to the illustrated embodiments thereof, which are intended to be preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.

Claims (9)

1. A solar cell comprises a sprayable perovskite structure photovoltaic material, and the preparation method of the sprayable perovskite structure photovoltaic material comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving lead halide in an organic solvent to form a lead halide organic solution;
2) dissolving halogenated methylamine in an organic solvent to form an organic solution of halogenated methylamine;
3) slowly dropping an organic solution of halogenated methylamine into an organic solution of lead halide to form a mixed solution;
4) heating the mixed solution at 70-90 ℃ for 30-60 min, standing and cooling for 12-48 h to obtain perovskite structure crystals in the solution, filtering out the crystals, and washing and drying to obtain a precursor;
5) adding acetone and a silane coupling agent into the precursor and fully stirring;
6) adding organic polymer resin as a binder into the mixture obtained in the step 5) and fully stirring;
7) adding one or more of conductive inorganic substances, semiconductor nano particles or conductive polymers as a composite phase into the mixture obtained in the step 6), and fully stirring;
8) adding a curing agent for curing the organic polymer resin and acetone for viscosity adjustment into the mixture obtained in the step 7), so as to obtain the sprayable photovoltaic material with the perovskite structure;
the organic solvent is any one of gamma-butyrolactone or N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF); the lead halide is selected from PbCl2、PbBr2、PbI2One or more of; the halogenated methylamine is selected from CH3NH3I、CH3NH3Br、CH3NH3One or more of Cl.
2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein: the organic polymer resin is one or more selected from epoxy resin, phenolic resin, epoxy-phenolic composite binder, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetal and silicone resin adhesive.
3. The solar cell of claim 2, wherein: the mass of the organic polymer resin is 1-12% of the mass of the precursor.
4. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein: the conductive inorganic matter is one or more selected from metal, conductive metal oxide, alloy, carbon fiber, graphene and graphene oxide.
5. The solar cell of claim 4, wherein: the mass of the conductive inorganic substance is 10-30% of the mass of the precursor.
6. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein: the mass of the semiconductor nano-particles is 20-50% of the mass of the precursor.
7. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein: the conductive polymer is one or more selected from doped polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyphenylene ethylene and derivatives thereof.
8. The solar cell of claim 7, wherein: the mass of the conductive polymer is 10-30% of the mass of the precursor.
9. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the lead halide to the methylamine halide is 1: 1-1.5: 1.
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