CN107449348B - High-precision large-range automatic measuring device and measuring method for inner diameter of cylinder sleeve - Google Patents
High-precision large-range automatic measuring device and measuring method for inner diameter of cylinder sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN107449348B CN107449348B CN201710659945.8A CN201710659945A CN107449348B CN 107449348 B CN107449348 B CN 107449348B CN 201710659945 A CN201710659945 A CN 201710659945A CN 107449348 B CN107449348 B CN 107449348B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B7/13—Internal diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points
- G01B7/008—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points using coordinate measuring machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision large-range automatic measuring device for the inner diameter of a cylinder sleeve, which comprises a three-jaw base, wherein a round boss is arranged at the center of the three-jaw base, the base is provided with an inner plate and an outer plate, an optical axis and a lead screw which are distributed in parallel are arranged between the inner plate and the outer plate, the optical axis and the lead screw both penetrate through an L-shaped connecting piece, a transmission shaft is arranged in a space formed by the three inner plates and is connected with a motor, the lower end of the transmission shaft is connected with a driving bevel gear, the driving bevel gear is meshed with three driven bevel gears, the driven bevel gears are connected with the lead screw, a lead screw nut and an eddy current sensor are fixedly arranged on the L-shaped connecting piece, a magnetic grid ruler reading head. The invention adopts the motor to drive the eddy current sensor to do linear motion, and the reading head of the magnetic grid ruler detects the position change in real time, thereby ensuring that the eddy current sensor is always in the optimal measuring position facing the cylinder sleeves with different inner diameters, and calculating the inner diameter by the principle of measuring the inner diameter at three points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-precision large-range automatic measuring device and a measuring method for the inner diameter of a cylinder sleeve, and belongs to the field of measurement.
Background
The cylinder sleeve is one of the parts with the worst working environment on the diesel engine, and the precision of the inner diameter of each part directly influences the key technical indexes of the diesel engine, such as the service life, the fuel economy and the like. At present, various methods for detecting the inner diameter size of the cylinder sleeve at home and abroad are mainly divided into contact measurement and non-contact measurement, and the adopted methods and principles are different. The method for measuring the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve mainly comprises the following steps: measuring by a general measuring tool, measuring by a special measuring tool, measuring by an electric inductance diameter measuring instrument, measuring by a pneumatic measuring instrument and the like. The universal measuring tool is simple and convenient to operate when used for detecting the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve, but only the inner diameter of a shallow position near the opening part of the cylinder sleeve can be detected, and similarly, the inductance measuring instrument can only measure the cylinder sleeve with a short depth; the special measuring tool has higher efficiency when measuring the inner diameter of the corresponding cylinder sleeve and ensures the precision to a certain extent, but has smaller measuring range and single function, and can not be used as the measuring tool when relating to the cylinder sleeves with various sizes; although the pneumatic measuring instrument has high detection precision and protects the inner wall surface of the cylinder sleeve of the measurement target due to non-contact measurement, the pneumatic measuring instrument cannot adjust the measurement range, has high measurement cost and has high requirement on the environment.
The invention relates to a high-accuracy quick measuring device for the inner diameter of a cylinder sleeve, which is invented by Yangdi and Zhalijun, and is a Chinese patent application publication No. CN 106247885A, wherein the fiber paper for auxiliary measurement is added, so that the measuring environment of an inner diameter micrometer is improved, the repeated precision and the measuring efficiency of the measurement of the inner diameter micrometer are effectively improved to a certain extent, but the improvement of the measuring efficiency is limited by the measuring efficiency of the inner diameter micrometer and the complexity of adjustment in the measuring process, the improvement of the measuring efficiency is limited by increasing, and although the improvement of the efficiency is obvious, more time is still spent for the adjustment of the device. The invention relates to a laser inner diameter measuring instrument invented by Suzhou blue king machine tool science and technology Limited company, China invention patent application publication No. CN 106152956A, which adopts high-precision laser measurement, has high measurement precision and no direct contact, does not damage workpieces in the measurement process, but has smaller detection range, only can measure cylinder sleeves in the detection range of the laser measuring instrument, and the higher the precision of the laser measuring instrument is, the smaller the detection range is, when the precision is ensured, the size of the detection range is further limited, meanwhile, because the laser measuring instrument is an optical instrument, the requirement on the environment is higher, and the stability and the reliability can not be ensured in severe environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-precision large-range automatic measuring device and a measuring method for the inner diameter of a cylinder sleeve.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-precision large-range automatic measuring device for the inner diameter of a cylinder sleeve, which comprises a three-jaw base, namely a first base, a second base and a third base, wherein a circular boss is arranged at the center of the three-jaw base, the first base, the second base and the third base are circumferentially distributed along the circular boss, an inner plate and an outer plate are respectively arranged on the first base, the second base and the third base, an optical axis and a lead screw which are distributed in parallel are arranged between the inner plate and the outer plate, the lead screw is arranged between the outer plate and the inner plate through a bearing, the optical axis and the lead screw both pass through an L-shaped connecting piece, the L-shaped connecting piece comprises a short edge and a long edge which are vertically distributed, the short edge passes through the optical axis and the lead screw, a transmission shaft is arranged in a space formed by the three inner plates, the transmission shaft, the driven bevel gear is connected with a lead screw, a lead screw nut is fixedly arranged on a short edge and sleeved on the lead screw, an eddy current sensor for measuring distance is arranged on a long edge, a magnetic grating ruler reading head for measuring displacement is arranged on the short edge, and a magnetic ruler is arranged on a three-jaw base; the vertical plane for calibration is positioned at the end part of the rectangular platform to be calibrated in the three-jaw base.
Preferably, the circumferences of the first base, the second base and the third base are uniformly distributed on the circular bosses.
Preferably, the lower end of the outer plate is provided with a circular groove, a tapered roller bearing is installed in the circular groove, and an inner ring of the tapered roller bearing is connected with the screw rod.
Preferably, the driven bevel gear is fixed at the end of the lead screw through a snap spring and a key.
Preferably, a protective cover is sleeved outside the three-jaw base.
The measuring method of the high-precision large-range automatic measuring device for the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps of:
a. eddy current sensor initial position calibration
1) Three eddy current sensors are used in the device, the initial position of each eddy current sensor needs to be calibrated, the initial position of each eddy current sensor is the shortest extending length position of the eddy current sensor, the eddy current sensors are moved to the initial positions, three magnetic grid ruler reading heads are used for reading numerical values and returning to zero, the device is placed into a three-coordinate measuring instrument in a detection posture, the detection posture is the upward posture of a circular boss, the three eddy current sensors are respectively arranged on three rectangular platforms of a three-jaw base, the three rectangular platforms are a first base, a second base and a third base, the initial position calibration of each eddy current sensor needs to be separately carried out, one of the three rectangular platforms is selected to be defined as K1Sequentially defining the rest two rectangular platforms as K from the clockwise direction2、K3；
2) Initial eddy current sensor position calibration in a three-coordinate measuring machine, a vertical plane for calibration is selected and the relative position of the vertical plane relative to the device is adjusted, wherein K is used1The plane parallel to the detection plane of the eddy current sensor on the rectangular platform is defined as F1Flour, K1Theoretical connection line between eddy current sensor detection point in rectangular platform and circle center of circular boss in three-jaw base and F1Surface-vertical, closely fitting the positioning surface in the vertical plane for calibration to F1Measuring 3 points of the circumference of the circular boss in the three-jaw base by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument, and respectively recording the points as Z11(a11,b11)、Z12(a12,b12)、Z13(a13,b13) Due to not being on the same straight lineDetermining a circle from the 3 points, calculating the center coordinates of the circular boss in the three-jaw base, and recording as O1(aq1,bq1) Measuring two points F horizontally distributed on the surface of the calibration in the vertical plane of the calibration using a three-coordinate measuring device1’、F1", and the two points are compared with O1Performing calculations in the same plane, passing O1Making a straight line perpendicular to the line connecting the two points, and calculating the intersection point of the two straight lines as P1(ap1,bp1) Known point O1And point P1Coordinates, calculating O according to the formula of the distance between two points in the plane1P1Length, here O1P1The length is the distance between the central axis of the circular boss and the vertical plane for calibration;
3) starting a motor, driving the eddy current sensor to move towards the direction close to the vertical plane for calibration until the value read by the eddy current sensor is about the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor, stopping the motor, and reading K at the moment1The reading value of the eddy current sensor on the rectangular platform is recorded as D1Read K1The number of the reading head of the magnetic grid ruler on the rectangular platform is recorded as B1(ii) a Driving a clamping device in the three-coordinate measuring instrument to rotate around the central axis of the circular boss, stopping after rotating for 120 degrees, and at the moment K2The detection point of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is parallel to the theoretical connecting line of the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base and the normal line of the vertical plane for calibration, and K is read2The reading value of the eddy current sensor on the rectangular platform is recorded as D2Read K2The number of the reading head of the magnetic grid ruler on the rectangular platform is recorded as B2(ii) a Driving a clamping device in the three-coordinate measuring instrument to rotate around the central axis of the circular boss, stopping after rotating for 120 degrees, and at the moment K3The detection point of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is parallel to the theoretical connecting line of the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base and the normal line of the vertical plane for calibration, and K is read3The reading value of the eddy current sensor on the rectangular platform is recorded as D3Read K3The number of the reading head of the magnetic grid ruler on the rectangular platform is recorded as B3；
4) Note K1The initial position of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is point Z21The position of the eddy current sensor is a point Z when the value read by the eddy current sensor stops at the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor31(ii) a Note K2The initial position of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is point Z22The position of the eddy current sensor is a point Z when the value read by the eddy current sensor stops at the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor32(ii) a Note K3The initial position of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is point Z23The position of the eddy current sensor is a point Z when the value read by the eddy current sensor stops at the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor33Then Z is21Z31Length equal to B1，Z31P1Length equal to D1；Z22Z32Length equal to B2，Z32P1Length equal to D2；Z23Z33Length equal to B3，Z33P1Length equal to D3From which K is calculated1Initial position S of eddy current sensor in rectangular platform1Is O1Z21(ii) a Calculate K2Initial position S of eddy current sensor in rectangular platform2Is O1Z22(ii) a Calculate K1Initial position S of eddy current sensor in rectangular platform3Is O1Z23As shown in the following formula:
S1＝O1Z21＝O1P1-Z21Z31-Z31P1
S2＝O1Z22＝O1P1-Z22Z32-Z32P1
S3＝O1Z23＝O1P1-Z23Z33-Z33P1
thereby calibrating the initial positions of the eddy current sensors as S1、S2、S3；
b. Detecting the inner diameter of a cylinder liner
When detecting the cylinder jacket in the range scope, adjust eddy current sensor through power unit and get back to initial position, adsorb the circular boss of three-jaw formula base bottom with the absorption end of magnetism base afterwards, install the stiff end of magnetism base on the cutter frame, adjust this device position through machine tool program control, make it reach cylinder jacket theoretical axis on, adjust eddy current sensor position and make its distance with the cylinder jacket inner wall be in eddy current sensor detection range, control integrated device descends to the inside height that needs to measure the internal diameter of cylinder jacket after that, open the motor and adjust eddy current sensor position, stop after eddy current sensor number of degrees begins to change, measure cylinder jacket internal diameter size in real time, can obtain reading D of three eddy current sensor respectively1,D2,D3Reading B from three magnetic grid ruler reading heads1,B2,B3；
c. Cylinder liner inside diameter calculation
The three intersection points of the theoretical connecting line of the detection point of the eddy current sensor in the three rectangular platforms and the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base and the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve are respectively marked as a point P1、P2、P3Taking the circle center O of the circular boss in the three-jaw base as an origin, OP1The line is taken as the X axis, and the through origin is perpendicular to the OP1Defining the straight line connecting to the right as Y axis, and calibrating the value S according to the initial position of each rectangular platform eddy current sensor1、S2、S3Three spots P can be calculated1、P2、P3Length to origin OP1、OP2、OP3Due to OP1、OP2、OP3The three straight lines are uniformly distributed at 120 degrees and all pass through the origin, and then the coordinate values P of the three light spots can be calculated1(a1，b1)，P2(a2，b2)，P1(a3，b3) Wherein:
a1＝OP1，b1＝0
the radius of the circle can be calculated by knowing three points on the edge of the circle, so that the size of the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve at the position can be calculated, and the diameters of different depths can be measured along with the movement of the whole measuring device.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the device adopts an adjustable structure, realizes the accurate adjustment of the position of the eddy current sensor, effectively enlarges the measuring range of the device, and reduces the cost and improves the measuring precision compared with the measuring device with the same measuring range.
(2) The eddy current sensor is used for detection, so that higher measurement precision and reliability can be still maintained in a severe environment; meanwhile, the eddy current sensor is matched with the magnetic grid ruler for use, so that the displacement of the eddy current sensor can be accurately detected, and the measurement precision of the invention is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the device of the present invention with the protective cover removed.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the position adjustment mechanism of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the calibration of the initial position of the eddy current sensor in the measurement method of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an initial position calibration method of an eddy current sensor in the measurement method of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the measuring cylinder liner of the device of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-three-jaw base, 2-inner plate, 3-outer plate, 4-motor base, 5-stepping motor, 6-bevel gear, 7-position adjusting mechanism, 71-L-shaped plate, 72-lead screw, 721-lead screw nut, 73-optical axis, 731-bearing end cover, 74-eddy current sensor, 75-magnetic grid ruler reading head, 751-magnetic ruler, 76-cylindrical roller bearing, 761-bearing cover, 78-snap spring, 79-conical roller bearing, 8-protective cover, and 9-vertical plane for calibration.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the device for automatically measuring the inner diameter of the cylinder liner in a high precision and large range comprises a three-jaw base 1, a position adjusting mechanism 7, a power mechanism, a protective cover 8, an eddy current sensor 74, a magnetic grating ruler read head 75 and a vertical plane 9 for calibration.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the three-jaw base 1 is shaped like a three-jaw, and comprises a first base, a second base and a third base, wherein the middle is a circular boss, the circular boss protrudes downwards, a hexagonal groove is formed at the upper end of the circular boss, three sides of the hexagonal groove are perpendicular to the three-jaw direction, three rectangular platforms with the same size are respectively extended out from the three directions equally divided around the hexagonal groove, a square groove is formed at the tail end of each rectangular platform, the size of the square groove is matched with that of an outer plate 3 in a connecting position adjusting mechanism 7, a counter bore is formed at the other side of the bottom of the square groove for fixedly connecting the outer plate 3 of the adjusting mechanism 7, a distance is extended from the right side of each rectangular platform for adhering a magnetic scale 751 of the position adjusting mechanism 7, two counter bores are respectively formed in the directions of the three equally divided jaws by a central circular platform for installing an inner plate 2 of the position adjusting mechanism 7, and threaded holes are machined in the side faces of the three halving claws.
As shown in fig. 2, through holes processed on each rectangular platform of the three-jaw base 1 should be distributed at 120 ° on the circumference, threaded holes are processed on the side surfaces of three equally-divided jaws of the three-jaw base 1, and a pair of threaded holes are processed at two ends of the protective cover 8. The protective cover 8 is connected with the threaded holes on the side surfaces of the three equant claws through the threaded holes, and in order to ensure that the protective cover 8 is better attached to the measuring device, the protective cover 8 is also of a three-claw structure
As shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, the position adjustment mechanism includes a bevel gear 6, an inner plate 2, a tapered roller bearing 79, a cylindrical roller bearing 76, a bearing cover 761, a lead screw 72, a magnetic scale reading head 75, an L-shaped plate 71, an optical axis 73, a linear bearing, an outer plate 3, a lead screw nut 721, an eddy current sensor 74, and a magnetic scale 751. The magnetic scale reading head 75 is a selected displacement detection sensor; the magnetic scale 751 is matched with the magnetic grating scale reading head 75 for use and is used for detecting the displacement of the position adjusting mechanism 7; the eddy current sensor 74 is a selected distance detecting sensor; the upper end of the outer plate 3 is provided with a blind hole, the diameter of the blind hole is matched with the size of the optical axis 73 and is used for installing the optical axis 73, the diameter and the depth of a circular groove at the lower end of the outer plate 3 are matched with those of the tapered roller bearing 79 and are used for installing the tapered roller bearing 79, the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing 79 is connected with the screw rod 72, and the bottom of the tapered roller bearing is provided with two threaded holes which are matched with the tail end opening of the; the upper end of the inner plate 2 is provided with a blind hole, the diameter of the blind hole is matched with the size of the optical axis 73, the lower end of the inner plate is provided with a stepped hole for mounting the cylindrical roller bearing 76, the bottom of the inner plate is provided with a threaded hole which is matched with a through hole at the round platform part of the three-jaw base 1, and the top of the inner plate is provided with a threaded hole which corresponds to the; the long end of the L-shaped plate 71 is in a horizontal posture, the short end is in a vertical posture, and the short end is thick, wherein a through hole is machined in the outer side of the short end, the size of the through hole is matched with that of a screw nut, a through hole is machined in the inner side, the size of the through hole is matched with that of a linear bearing, and two threaded holes are machined in the side face of the short end and used for connecting a magnetic grid ruler reading head; two threaded holes are formed in the top of the long end and used for connecting the eddy current sensor 74, and the positions of the two threaded holes are required to ensure that the detection end of the eddy current sensor 74 is flush with the top of the long end of the L-shaped plate 71; the optical axis 73 passes through a linear bearing in an inner hole of the L-shaped plate, wherein the linear bearing is fixed by two bearing end covers 731, the two bearing end covers 731 are respectively linked with the L-shaped plate 71 through 4 screws, and the other end of the optical axis 73 is arranged in a blind hole at the upper end of the inner plate 2; the screw 72 penetrates through a screw nut to be matched with a cylindrical roller bearing 76 arranged in a circular groove at the lower end of the inner plate 2, the end part of the screw is connected with the bevel gear 6 through a key joint and is fixed by using a clamp spring 78, the cylindrical roller bearing 76 arranged on the inner plate 2 is fixed on the inner plate 2 through a bearing end cover 731, and the screw nut 72 is fixed in a through hole at the outer side of the L-shaped plate 71 through four threaded holes; the L-shaped plate 71 has two threaded holes on its side for connecting the magnetic grating read head 75, and the L-shaped plate 71 has two threaded holes on its top for connecting the eddy current sensor 74. The three position adjusting mechanisms 7 are arranged on the three-jaw base 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the power mechanism includes a stepping motor 5, a motor base 4, a coupler and a transmission shaft, the stepping motor is a selected standard stepping motor, the stepping motor 5 is installed on the motor base 4, a circular groove and four threaded holes are processed on the top of the motor base 4 for fixing the stepping motor 5, a counter bore is formed in the top of the motor base 4 corresponding to the threaded hole in the top of the inner plate 2 for installing and connecting the inner plate 2, and the same hexagonal groove is formed in the lower end of the motor base 4 corresponding to the three-jaw type base 1, so that the three inner plates 2 can be distributed at 120 degrees and perpendicular to the extension direction of the three jaws by matching with the edge installation of the hexagonal groove; the coupler is a tubular part, a key groove is machined in the inner wall of the coupler corresponding to the position of the key groove of the stepping motor shaft, and the stepping motor shaft is connected with the transmission shaft through the coupler. The upper part of the transmission shaft is provided with a key groove for connecting with a coupler, the lower part of the transmission shaft is of a bevel gear 6 structure, and the bevel gears 6 at the lower part of the transmission shaft are meshed with the three bevel gears 6 which are uniformly distributed at 120 degrees to transmit power to the three position adjusting mechanisms 7.
In the present invention, the vertical plane 9 for calibration is an L-shaped plate, the long end of which is the calibration end, the inner side surface of the long end of which is the calibration surface, the short end of which is the positioning end, and the top surface of the short end of which is the positioning surface, and the positioning surface is parallel to the calibration surface.
The device is further explained by taking the measurement of the diameter of the cylinder sleeve of 150-360mm as an example.
The device is a measurable range device, the eddy current sensor 74 is selected according to the diameter change range, the measuring range of the eddy current sensor 74 is 0-10mm, the measuring range is 10mm, and the measuring range of the device is continuous, so the measuring range is 150-360 mm.
1. Eddy current sensor 74 initial position calibration
1) Three eddy current sensors 74 are used in the device, the initial position of each eddy current sensor 74 needs to be calibrated, the initial position of each eddy current sensor 74 is the shortest extending length position of the eddy current sensor 74, the three magnetic grating ruler reading heads 75 read the numerical values to be zero, and then the device is placed into a three-coordinate measuring instrument in the detection posture to detect the postureNamely the upward posture of the circular boss. Since the three eddy current sensors 74 are located on three rectangular platforms of the three-jaw base, the initial position calibration for each eddy current sensor 74 needs to be done separately, and selecting one of the three rectangular platforms is defined as K1Sequentially defining the rest two rectangular platforms as K from the clockwise direction2、K3。
2) Initial position calibration of eddy current sensor 74: selecting a vertical plane 9 for calibration in a three-coordinate measuring machine and adjusting the relative position thereof with respect to the device, wherein K is set1The plane parallel to the detection plane of the eddy current sensor 74 on the rectangular stage is defined as F1Flour, K1Theoretical connection line between detection point of eddy current sensor 74 in rectangular platform and center of circle of circular boss in three-jaw base 1 and F1Perpendicular to the surface, and closely fitting the positioning surface in the vertical plane 9 for calibration to F1Measuring 3 points of the circumference of the circular boss in the three-jaw base 1 by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument, and respectively recording the points as Z11(a11,b11)、 Z12(a12,b12)、Z13(a13,b13) Because 3 points which are not on the same straight line determine a circle, the center coordinates of the circular boss in the three-jaw base 1 are calculated and recorded as O1(aq1,bq1) Using a three-coordinate measuring device to measure two points F horizontally distributed on the surface of the calibration in the vertical plane 9 for calibration1’、F1", and the two points are compared with O1Performing calculations in the same plane, passing O1Making a straight line perpendicular to the line connecting the two points, and calculating the intersection point of the two straight lines as P1(ap1,bp1) Known point O1And point P1Coordinates, calculating O according to the formula of the distance between two points in the plane1P1Length, here O1P1The length is the distance between the central axis of the circular boss and the vertical plane 9 for calibration;
3) starting the stepping motor 5 in the power mechanism, driving the position adjusting mechanism 7 to adjust the eddy current sensor 74 to move towards the direction close to the vertical plane 9 for calibrationThe power mechanism is stopped until the value read by the eddy current sensor 74 is about 5 mm. At this time, read K1The value read by the eddy current sensor 74 on the rectangular platform is recorded as D1Read K1The value of the magnetic grid ruler reading head 75 on the rectangular platform is marked as B1(ii) a The clamping device in the three-coordinate measuring instrument is driven to enable the whole adjustable cylinder sleeve inner diameter measuring device to rotate around the central axis of the circular boss and stop after rotating for 120 degrees, and at the moment, K is2The detection point of the eddy current sensor 74 in the rectangular platform is parallel to the theoretical connecting line of the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base 1 and the normal line of the vertical plane 9 for calibration, and K is read2The value read by the eddy current sensor 74 on the rectangular platform is recorded as D2Read K2The value of the magnetic grid ruler reading head 75 on the rectangular platform is marked as B2(ii) a The clamping device in the three-coordinate measuring instrument is driven to enable the whole adjustable cylinder sleeve inner diameter measuring device to rotate around the central axis of the circular boss and stop after rotating for 120 degrees, and at the moment, K is3The detection point of the eddy current sensor 74 in the rectangular platform is parallel to the theoretical connecting line of the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base 1 and the normal line of the vertical plane 9 for calibration, and K is read3The value read by the eddy current sensor 74 on the rectangular platform is recorded as D3Read K3The value of the magnetic grid ruler reading head 75 on the rectangular platform is marked as B3。
4) Note K1The initial position of the eddy current sensor 74 in the rectangular platform is point Z21When the value read by the eddy current sensor 74 is stopped at about 5mm, the position of the eddy current sensor 74 is a point Z31(ii) a Note K2The initial position of the eddy current sensor 74 in the rectangular platform is point Z22When the value read by the eddy current sensor 74 is stopped at about 5mm, the position of the eddy current sensor 74 is a point Z32(ii) a Note K3The initial position of the eddy current sensor 74 in the rectangular platform is point Z23When the value read by the eddy current sensor 74 is stopped at about 5mm, the position of the eddy current sensor 74 is a point Z33. Then Z21Z31Length equal to B1， Z31P1Length equal to D1；Z22Z32Length equal to B2，Z32P1Length equal to D2；Z23Z33Length equal to B3，Z33P1Length equal to D3. From this K can be calculated1Eddy current sensor 74 initial position S in rectangular platform1Is O1Z21(ii) a Can calculate K2Eddy current sensor 74 initial position S in rectangular platform2Is O1Z22(ii) a Can calculate K1Eddy current sensor 74 initial position S in rectangular platform3Is O1Z23As shown in the following formula:
S1＝O1Z21＝O1P1-Z21Z31-Z31P1
S2＝O1Z22＝O1P1-Z22Z32-Z32P1
S3＝O1Z23＝O1P1-Z23Z33-Z33P1
from this, the initial positions of the eddy current sensors 74 are respectively designated as S1、S2、S3。
2. Detecting the inner diameter of a cylinder liner
When detecting the cylinder jacket within the measuring range, adjust eddy current sensor 74 through power unit and get back to the initial position, adsorb the absorption end of magnetism base to the circular boss of three-jaw base bottom afterwards, install the stiff end of magnetism base on the cutter frame, adjust this device position through machine tool program control, make it reach cylinder jacket theoretical axis on, adjust eddy current sensor 74 position and make its distance with the cylinder jacket inner wall be in eddy current sensor detection range 0 ~ 10mm, control the integrated device and descend to the height that the inside diameter need be measured of cylinder jacket after that, open power unit and adjust eddy current sensor 74 position, it stops until eddy current sensor 74 reading begins to change, measure cylinder jacket internal diameter size in real time, can obtain reading D of three eddy current sensor 74 respectively1,D2,D3Reading B from three magnetic scale reading heads 751,B2,B3；
3. Calculating the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve
The detection points of the eddy current sensors 74 in the three rectangular platforms and three intersection points of the theoretical connection line of the detection points and the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base 1 and the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve are respectively marked as points P1、P2、P3Taking the center O of the circular boss in the three-jaw base 1 as the origin, OP1The line is taken as the X axis, and the through origin is perpendicular to the OP1The line to the right is defined as the Y-axis and is calibrated by the initial position S of each rectangular platform eddy current sensor 741、S2、S3Three spots P can be calculated1、P2、P3Length to origin OP1、OP2、OP3Due to OP1、OP2、OP3The three straight lines are uniformly distributed at 120 degrees and all pass through the origin, and then the coordinate values P of the three light spots can be calculated1(a1，b1)，P2(a2，b2)，P1(a3，b3) Wherein:
a1＝OP1，b1＝0
the radius of the circle can be calculated by knowing three points on the edge of the circle, so that the size of the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve at the position can be calculated, and the diameters of different depths can be measured along with the movement of the whole measuring device. The runout of the inner diameter of the cylinder liner at this height can be measured by maintaining the height of the tool holder and rotating the tool holder about the theoretical axis of the cylinder.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The measuring method of the high-precision large-range automatic measuring device for the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the device comprises a three-jaw base, namely a first base, a second base and a third base, wherein a circular boss is arranged at the center of the three-jaw base, the first base, the second base and the third base are circumferentially distributed along the circular boss, an inner plate and an outer plate are respectively arranged on the first base, the second base and the third base, an optical axis and a lead screw which are distributed in parallel are arranged between the inner plate and the outer plate, the lead screw is arranged between the outer plate and the inner plate through a bearing, the optical axis and the lead screw both penetrate through an L-shaped connecting piece, the L-shaped connecting piece comprises a short edge and a long edge which are vertically distributed, the short edge penetrates through the optical axis and the lead screw, a transmission shaft is arranged in a space formed by the three inner plates and is connected with a motor, the lower end of the transmission shaft is connected with a driving bevel gear, the driving bevel gear is meshed with three, a lead screw nut is fixedly arranged on the short edge and sleeved on the lead screw, an eddy current sensor for measuring distance is arranged on the long edge, a magnetic grid ruler reading head for measuring displacement is arranged on the short edge, and a magnetic ruler is arranged on the three-jaw base;
(2) calibrating the initial position of the eddy current sensor, specifically:
three eddy current sensors are used in the device, the initial position of each eddy current sensor needs to be calibrated, the initial position of each eddy current sensor is the shortest extending length position of the eddy current sensor, the eddy current sensors are moved to the initial positions, three magnetic grid ruler reading heads are used for reading numerical values and returning to zero, the device is placed into a three-coordinate measuring instrument in order to detect the posture, the detection posture is the upward posture of a circular boss, the three eddy current sensors are respectively arranged on three rectangular platforms of a three-jaw base, the three rectangular platforms are a first base, a second base and a third base, and the three eddy current sensors are selectedOne of the three rectangular platforms is defined as K1Sequentially defining the rest two rectangular platforms as K from the clockwise direction2、K3；
Calibrating the initial position of the eddy current sensor: selecting a vertical plane for calibration in a three-coordinate measuring machine and adjusting the relative position thereof with respect to the device, wherein K is set1The surface parallel to the detection surface of the eddy current detection head on the rectangular platform is defined as F1Flour, K1Theoretical connection line between eddy current sensor detection point in rectangular platform and circle center of circular boss in three-jaw base and F1Surface-vertical, closely fitting the positioning surface in the vertical plane for calibration to F1Measuring 3 points of the circumference of the circular boss in the three-jaw base by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument, and respectively recording the points as Z11(a11，b11)、Z12(a12，b12)、Z13(a13，b13) Because 3 points which are not on the same straight line determine a circle, the center coordinates of the circular boss in the three-jaw base are calculated and recorded as O1(aq1，bq1) Measuring two points F horizontally distributed on the surface of the calibration in the vertical plane of the calibration using a three-coordinate measuring device1’、F1Let both points contact O1Performing calculations in the same plane, passing O1Making a straight line perpendicular to the line connecting the two points, and calculating the intersection point of the two straight lines as P1(ap1，bp1) Known point O1And point P1Coordinates, calculating O according to the formula of the distance between two points in the plane1P1Length, here O1P1The length is the distance between the central axis of the circular boss and the vertical plane for calibration;
starting a motor, driving the eddy current sensor to move towards the direction close to the vertical plane for calibration until the value read by the eddy current sensor is about the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor, stopping the motor, and reading K at the moment1The reading value of the eddy current sensor on the rectangular platform is recorded as D1Read K1The number of the reading head of the magnetic grid ruler on the rectangular platform is recorded as B1(ii) a Driving a clamping device in the three-coordinate measuring instrument to rotate around the central axis of the circular boss, stopping after rotating for 120 degrees, and at the moment K2The detection point of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is parallel to the theoretical connecting line of the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base and the normal line of the vertical plane for calibration, and K is read2The reading value of the eddy current sensor on the rectangular platform is recorded as D2Read K2The number of the reading head of the magnetic grid ruler on the rectangular platform is recorded as B2(ii) a Driving a clamping device in the three-coordinate measuring instrument to rotate around the central axis of the circular boss, stopping after rotating for 120 degrees, and at the moment K3The detection point of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is parallel to the theoretical connecting line of the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base and the normal line of the vertical plane for calibration, and K is read3The reading value of the eddy current sensor on the rectangular platform is recorded as D3Read K3The number of the reading head of the magnetic grid ruler on the rectangular platform is recorded as B3；
Note K1The initial position of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is point Z21The position of the eddy current sensor is a point Z when the value read by the eddy current sensor stops at the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor31(ii) a Note K2The initial position of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is point Z22The position of the eddy current sensor is a point Z when the value read by the eddy current sensor stops at the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor32(ii) a Note K3The initial position of the eddy current sensor in the rectangular platform is point Z23The position of the eddy current sensor is a point Z when the value read by the eddy current sensor stops at the middle position of the measurement range of the eddy current sensor33Then Z is21Z31Length equal to B1，Z31P1Length equal to D1；Z22Z32Length equal to B2，Z32P1Length equal to D2；Z23Z33Length equal to B3，Z33P1Length equal to D3From which K is calculated1Initial position S of eddy current sensor in rectangular platform1Is O1Z21(ii) a Calculate K2Initial position S of eddy current sensor in rectangular platform2Is O1Z22(ii) a Calculate K3Initial position S of eddy current sensor in rectangular platform3Is O1Z23As shown in the following formula:
S1＝O1Z21＝O1P1-Z21Z31-Z31P1
S2＝O1Z22＝O1P1-Z22Z32-Z32P1
S3＝O1Z23＝O1P1-Z23Z33-Z33P1
thereby calibrating the initial positions of the eddy current sensors as S1、S2、S3；
(3) Detecting the inner diameter of a cylinder liner
When detecting the cylinder jacket in the range scope, adjust eddy current sensor through power unit and get back to initial position, adsorb the circular boss of three-jaw formula base bottom with the absorption end of magnetism base afterwards, install the stiff end of magnetism base on the cutter frame, adjust this device position through machine tool program control, make it reach cylinder jacket theoretical axis on, adjust eddy current sensor position and make its distance with the cylinder jacket inner wall be in eddy current sensor detection range, control integrated device descends to the inside height that needs to measure the internal diameter of cylinder jacket after that, open the motor and adjust eddy current sensor position, stop after eddy current sensor number of degrees begins to change, measure cylinder jacket internal diameter size in real time, can obtain reading D of three eddy current sensor respectively1,D2,D3Reading B from three magnetic grid ruler reading heads1,B2,B3；
(4) Cylinder liner inside diameter calculation
The three intersection points of the theoretical connecting line of the detection point of the eddy current sensor in the three rectangular platforms and the circle center of the circular boss in the three-jaw base and the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve are respectively marked asPoint P1、P2、P3Taking the circle center O of the circular boss in the three-jaw base as an origin, OP1The line is taken as the X axis, and the through origin is perpendicular to the OP1Defining the straight line connecting to the right as Y axis, and calibrating the value S according to the initial position of each rectangular platform eddy current sensor1、S2、S3Three spots P can be calculated1、P2、P3Length to origin OP1、OP2、OP3Due to OP1、OP2、OP3The three straight lines are uniformly distributed at 120 degrees and all pass through the origin, and then the coordinate values P of the three light spots can be calculated1(a1，b1)，P2(a2，b2)，P1(a3，b3) Wherein:
a1＝OP1，b1＝0
(5) the radius of the circle can be calculated by knowing three points on the edge of the circle, so that the size of the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve at the position can be calculated, and the diameters of different depths can be measured along with the movement of the whole measuring device.
2. The measuring method of the automatic measuring device for the cylinder liner inner diameter with high precision and wide range according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the first base, the second base and the third base are uniformly distributed on the circular boss in the circumference.
3. The measuring method of the automatic measuring device for the cylinder liner inner diameter with high precision and wide range according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) a circular groove is formed in the lower end of the outer plate in the step (1), a tapered roller bearing is installed in the circular groove, and an inner ring of the tapered roller bearing is connected with the lead screw.
4. The measuring method of the automatic measuring device for the cylinder liner inner diameter with high precision and wide range according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) fixing the driven bevel gear at the end part of the screw rod through a clamp spring and a key in the step (1).
5. The measuring method of the automatic measuring device for the cylinder liner inner diameter with high precision and wide range according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) in the step (1), a protective cover is sleeved outside the three-jaw type base.
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| DE102019129526A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-19 | FEV Group GmbH | Displacement sensor for measuring a cylinder liner of an internal combustion engine |
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