CN107446845B - Method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with composite microbial inoculum and application - Google Patents
Method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with composite microbial inoculum and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with a complex microbial inoculum and application thereof. The composite microbial inoculum is lactobacillus plantarum with the preservation number of CGMCC No.13955, bacillus subtilis with the preservation number of CGMCC No.13953, neurospora crassa with the preservation number of CGMCC No.13769 and bacillus coagulans with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 13954. The beneficial effects are that: the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products are used as fermentation raw materials, so that support can be provided for the feasibility of development and utilization of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, the additional value of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products is increased, and the preparation cost of the polypeptide fish flavor powder is saved; the prepared polypeptide fish fine powder has high protein and low fat, has high small peptide content, is rich in active substances such as carotenoid, organic acid, oligosaccharide, beneficial bacteria and the like, and can replace fish meal to be used in the safe feed industry and the feed additive industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparing animal feed protein raw materials by comprehensively utilizing aquatic product processing wastes and turning waste into wealth, in particular to a method for preparing polypeptide fish powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with a complex microbial inoculum and application of the polypeptide fish powder.
Background
In the middle and late 70 s of the last century, the development course of decades in developed countries in the world is passed through only 10 years of hard development in the early and late feed industry of China, and from 1992, the feed industry becomes the second world with the feed yield continuing for 17 years. Under the drive of a new scientific and technological revolution, through the development of 30 years, the feed industry in China shows huge potential to the world, and the total yield of the feed industry reaches 1.81 hundred million tons in 2011, which leaps the first in the world. With the rapid development of the feed industry in China, enterprises are growing continuously, the feed yield keeps a rapid growth trend, and therefore the demand on feed raw materials is also increased rigidly. At present, 200 more than ten thousand tons of fish meal are used for feed every year in China, but the domestic fish meal is very few, only 40 more than ten thousand tons, and the dependence on fish meal import is nearly more than 80%; in the aspect of supplying bulk feed raw materials such as soybean meal, rice bran, corn and the like, the growth space is very limited based on factors such as planting area, unit production technology and the like, the supply of the whole feed raw materials is in a tight balance state, the contradiction between supply and demand of feed resources is increasingly intensified, and the feed yield of China is reduced for the first time from 2013 to 2015 for 30 years according to latest statistical monitoring data. The feed industry is an important component of agriculture, and under the background of continuous and rapid development of the breeding industry and the feed industry, how to break through the corn-soybean meal type feed formula technology and develop new feed raw materials and safe and reliable substitutes so as to achieve the problem that the sustainable development of the feed industry becomes an urgent need to be solved in the feed industry. How to correctly process the relationship between resources and environment, utilization and protection, current and long-term relationship and survival and development from specific natural conditions by means of scientific technology, and a way of reasonably allocating and utilizing resources, improving the utilization rate of resources, realizing the continuous utilization of resources and developing continuously with high yield, high quality, low consumption and high efficiency is the problem of thinking and research at present.
The fish meal is used as the most ideal animal protein source at present, has the advantages of high biological value, high energy value, high calcium and phosphorus content, high trace element content, high digestibility and the like in the feeding application, and is a high-grade feed for animal (livestock, poultry and fish) breeding industry. Especially for producing aquatic feeds, especially shrimp feeds, turtle feeds, marine fish feeds and suckling pig feeds. Although a plurality of products which can replace fish meal, such as animal and vegetable proteins like meat and bone meal, blood meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and the like, are already on the market, the position of the optimal animal protein source of the fish meal can be reduced. Compared with fish meal, various protein raw materials for replacing the fish meal have the problems of anti-nutritional factors, palatability, amino acid imbalance, digestibility and the like to different degrees.
With the rapid development of intensive culture, the demand of fish meal is increased rapidly. China is the biggest fish meal consuming country in the world, the annual demand of the fish meal reaches more than 200 million tons and tends to rise year by year, and more than 80 percent of the fish meal still depends on import. However, due to the influence of over-fishing, el nino and other phenomena, the total yield of fish meal in the world is decreasing year by year, the price of the fish meal is rising all the time, and the fish meal, as a scarce resource, is strictly limited and protected in various major producing countries, thereby severely limiting the further development of the breeding industry.
At present, the annual output of global aquatic products is about 1 hundred million tons, wherein the aquatic product processing waste and low-value aquatic products account for more than 40 percent, and most of the aquatic products are discarded or used as feed and fertilizer. The yield of aquatic products in China accounts for about 1/3 of the total yield of aquatic products in the world, and is the first in the world. The annual fish catch of the hairtail in the east sea and the yellow Bohai sea area is large, and the annual fish catch of the hairtail in the east sea accounts for 40-45% of the total amount. A large amount of the small hairtail and the low-value fish can only be used for producing feed, the utilization rate is low, the economic value is not high, and the serious environmental pollution can be caused. In recent years, due to water pollution and over-fishing, the proportion of low-value and low-quality aquatic products such as small fishes and shrimps in the fish-catches is continuously improved. Due to the fact that economic fish resources in offshore and inland water areas are reduced day by day, the fishing amount of low-value aquatic products such as small fishes and shrimps is greatly increased; in addition, because the technical content of aquatic product processing is low, the amount of the produced leftovers and other auxiliary materials is extremely large. During the processing of aquatic products, a large amount of leftovers such as fish heads, fish skins, fins, fish tails, fish viscera, fish bones, fish gallbladders, fish floats, shrimp shells, crab shells, shellfish and residual fish meat are produced, and the weight of the leftovers accounts for about 40-55% of that of raw fish. The aquatic product leftovers contain rich nutrient substances and useful components, and some components even have certain functional characteristics and physiological activity, so the aquatic product leftovers are important biological resources. Most of the leftovers are discarded, which not only pollutes the environment, but also causes the waste of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with a complex microbial inoculum and application thereof, and the prepared polypeptide fish flavor powder has high protein and low fat, has high small peptide content, is rich in active substances such as carotenoid, organic acid, oligosaccharide, beneficial bacteria and the like, and can be used for replacing fish meal in the safe feed industry.
Aiming at the problems mentioned in the background technology, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with a composite microbial inoculum comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, neurospora crassa and bacillus coagulans.
The preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CGMCC No.13955, and the lactobacillus plantarum is classified and named as lactobacillus plantarum (A)Lactobacillus plantarum) In 2017, No. 3 and No. 28 are preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No.13953, and the bacillus subtilis is classified and named as bacillus subtilis (A)Bacillus subtilis) In 2017, No. 3 and No. 28 are preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms; the preservation number of the Neurospora crassa is CGMCC No.13769, and the Neurospora crassa is classified and named as Neurospora crassa (Neurospora crassa) In 2017, No. 3 and No. 28 are preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms; the preservation number of the bacillus coagulans is CGMCC No.13954, and the bacillus coagulans is classified and named as bacillus coagulans (A)Bacillus coagulans) No. 3/28 was deposited in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 2017, 3/month. China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) is located in No. 3 Hospital No.1 of Xilu Beijing, the area facing the sun, Beijing. The strains cooperate with each other to produce an unexpected effect, the composite microbial inoculum obtains a carbon source, a nitrogen source and various growth factors from marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, the growth and the propagation are vigorous, and the activity of the strains is high; marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products are fermented and decomposed by the composite microbial inoculum, and macromolecular proteins are decomposed into micromolecular proteins or polypeptides or even amino acids; destruction ofThe aquatic product animal cells and cell sap flow out; the complex microbial inoculum is metabolized to generate new substances. The finally obtained polypeptide fish fine powder has high protein and low fat, high small peptide content and rich active substances such as carotenoid, organic acid, oligosaccharide, beneficial bacteria and the like, and can replace fish meal to be used in the safe feed industry.
The method for preparing the polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of preparing a solid fermentation culture medium, performing solid fermentation and drying. The fermented polypeptide fish fine powder has high protein, low fat, high small peptide content, rich carotenoid, organic acid, oligosaccharide, beneficial bacteria and other active matters, and may be used in replacing fish meal for safe feed industry. The feed additive is used for livestock and poultry breeding, can improve the protein and vitamin contents of eggs, reduce the cholesterol content and improve the quality of the eggs; the product can be used for aquaculture of aquatic animals, and has effects of providing nutrients for aquaculture animals, improving intestinal probiotic flora, promoting digestion and absorption of feed by aquaculture animals, reducing excretion, and promoting growth.
The preparation method of the solid fermentation medium comprises the steps of selecting substances including marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products as fermentation raw materials, cleaning, draining, mixing, homogenizing and sterilizing to obtain the solid fermentation medium. The method takes marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products as fermentation raw materials, can provide support for the feasibility of development and utilization of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, increases the additional value of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, and saves the preparation cost of the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
The solid-state fermentation step is to add a complex microbial inoculum and water into a solid-state fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 4-10 wt%, and the lactobacillus plantarum: b, bacillus subtilis: neurospora crassa: the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans is 0.6-1.5: 1.2-2.8: 0.6-1.5: 0.6 to 1.5; the material-water ratio is 1: 0.6-1, and the fermentation time is 35-60 h. Under the conditions, the compound microbial inoculum not only fully ferments marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, but also can not cause the waste of microbial inoculum and time.
The solid state fermentation adopts a low-temperature drying processing technology, the material temperature at the early stage is lower than 45 ℃, and the material temperature at the later stage is lower than 60 ℃.
And drying the fermentation product until the water content is less than 10%, and crushing and sieving by a 40-60-mesh sieve to obtain the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
The polypeptide fish powder prepared by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum is used for replacing fish meal to breed fishes and livestock and poultry.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method takes marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products as fermentation raw materials, can provide support for the feasibility of development and utilization of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, increases the additional value of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, and saves the preparation cost of the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
2. The mutual cooperation of the strains produces unexpected effects, the composite microbial inoculum obtains a carbon source, a nitrogen source and various growth factors from marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, the growth and the propagation are vigorous, and the activity of the strains is high; marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products are fermented and decomposed by the composite microbial inoculum, and macromolecular proteins are decomposed into micromolecular proteins or polypeptides or even amino acids; destroying aquatic animal cells, and allowing cell sap to flow out; the complex microbial inoculum is metabolized to generate new substances. The finally obtained polypeptide fish fine powder has high protein and low fat, high small peptide content and rich active substances such as carotenoid, organic acid, oligosaccharide, beneficial bacteria and the like, and can replace fish meal to be used in the safe feed industry.
3. The method has the advantages of simple operation, accurate data in each step, good reproducibility, no need of a wastewater treatment link, less environmental pollution, convenient post-treatment and processing, and suitability for large-scale production.
4. The polypeptide fish flavor powder prepared by the invention is used for livestock and poultry breeding, can improve the protein and vitamin contents of eggs, reduce the cholesterol content and improve the quality of the eggs; the product can be used for aquaculture to provide nutrients for aquaculture animals, improve intestinal probiotic flora, promote digestion and absorption of feed by aquaculture animals, reduce excretion, and promote growth.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
a method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with a composite microbial inoculum comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, neurospora crassa and bacillus coagulans.
The preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CGMCC No. 13955; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 13953; the preservation number of the neurospora crassa is CGMCC No. 13769; the preservation number of the bacillus coagulans is CGMCC No. 13954. The strains cooperate with each other to produce an unexpected effect, the composite microbial inoculum obtains a carbon source, a nitrogen source and various growth factors from marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, the growth and the propagation are vigorous, and the activity of the strains is high; marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products are fermented and decomposed by the composite microbial inoculum, and macromolecular proteins are decomposed into micromolecular proteins or polypeptides or even amino acids; destroying aquatic animal cells, and allowing cell sap to flow out; the complex microbial inoculum is metabolized to generate new substances. The finally obtained polypeptide fish fine powder has high protein and low fat, high small peptide content and rich active substances such as carotenoid, organic acid, oligosaccharide, beneficial bacteria and the like, and can replace fish meal to be used in the safe feed industry.
The method for preparing the polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum comprises the steps of preparing a solid fermentation culture medium, performing solid fermentation and drying. The fermented polypeptide fish fine powder has high protein, low fat, high small peptide content, rich carotenoid, organic acid, oligosaccharide, beneficial bacteria and other active matters, and may be used in replacing fish meal for safe feed industry. The feed additive is used for livestock and poultry breeding, can improve the protein and vitamin contents of eggs, reduce the cholesterol content and improve the quality of the eggs; the product can be used for aquaculture to provide nutrients for aquaculture animals, improve intestinal probiotic flora, promote digestion and absorption of feed by aquaculture animals, reduce excretion, and promote growth.
The preparation method of the solid fermentation medium comprises the steps of selecting substances including marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products as fermentation raw materials, cleaning, draining, mixing, homogenizing and sterilizing to obtain the solid fermentation medium. The method takes marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products as fermentation raw materials, can provide support for the feasibility of development and utilization of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, increases the additional value of the marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, and saves the preparation cost of the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
The solid-state fermentation step is to add the complex microbial inoculum and water into a solid-state fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 8wt%, and the ratio of lactobacillus plantarum: b, bacillus subtilis: neurospora crassa: the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans is 1:2: 1: 1; the material-water ratio is 1:0.8, and the fermentation time is 38-40 h. Under the conditions, the compound microbial inoculum not only fully ferments marine organism processing waste or low-value aquatic products, but also can not cause the waste of microbial inoculum and time.
The solid state fermentation adopts a low-temperature drying processing technology, the material temperature of the early stage is 42-45 ℃, and the material temperature of the later stage is 55-60 ℃.
And drying the fermentation product until the water content is less than 10%, and crushing and sieving by a sieve of 60-80 meshes to obtain the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
The polypeptide fish powder prepared by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum is used for replacing fish meal to breed fishes and livestock and poultry.
Example 2:
a method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with a composite microbial inoculum comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, neurospora crassa and bacillus coagulans.
The preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CGMCC No. 13955; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 13953; the preservation number of the neurospora crassa is CGMCC No. 13769; the preservation number of the bacillus coagulans is CGMCC No. 13954.
The method for preparing the polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a solid fermentation culture medium: selecting coarse fishes such as small hairtail and the like, leftovers of tilapia mossambica and hairtail spines as fermentation raw materials in a weight ratio of 0.9:1:1.25, cleaning, draining, mixing and homogenizing to prepare fish homogenate, uniformly mixing the fish homogenate with Chinese yam skins, bean dregs and rice bran, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 35min to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium;
2) the solid-state fermentation step is to add the complex microbial inoculum and water into a solid-state fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 7wt%, and the ratio of lactobacillus plantarum: b, bacillus subtilis: neurospora crassa: the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans is 0.8:2.1: 0.8: 0.8; the material-water ratio is 1:0.7, and the fermentation time is 56-60 h. Solid state fermentation adopts a low-temperature drying processing technology, the material temperature at the early stage is 38-40 ℃, and the material temperature at the later stage is 48-50 ℃;
3) and drying the fermentation product until the water content is less than 10%, and crushing and sieving by a sieve of 60-80 meshes to obtain the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
Polypeptide fish powder prepared by fermenting aquatic product waste with composite microbial inoculum and used for replacing fish culture feed fish meal to culture fishes,
Example 3:
a method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with a composite microbial inoculum comprises lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, neurospora crassa and bacillus coagulans.
The preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CGMCC No. 13955; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 13953; the preservation number of the neurospora crassa is CGMCC No. 13769; the preservation number of the bacillus coagulans is CGMCC No. 13954.
The method for preparing the polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a solid fermentation culture medium: selecting wastes after processing cod, salmon and tuna, shrimp shells (heads) and low-value aquatic products as fermentation raw materials, wherein the weight ratio of the wastes to the shrimp shells (heads) to the low-value aquatic products is 0.9:1.1:1.5: 0.7: 1.6, cleaning, draining, mixing and homogenizing to prepare fish homogenate, mixing the fish homogenate with bean pulp, bean curd residue and rice bran uniformly, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 35min to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium;
2) the solid-state fermentation step is to add the complex microbial inoculum and water into a solid-state fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 8wt%, and the ratio of lactobacillus plantarum: b, bacillus subtilis: neurospora crassa: the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans is 0.8:2: 0.8: 0.8; the material-water ratio is 1:0.8, and the fermentation time is 56-60 h. Solid state fermentation adopts a low-temperature drying processing technology, the material temperature at the early stage is 38-40 ℃, and the material temperature at the later stage is 48-50 ℃;
3) and drying the fermentation product until the water content is less than 10%, and crushing and sieving by a sieve of 60-80 meshes to obtain the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
The polypeptide fish powder prepared by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum is used for replacing fish meal to healthily breed fishes and livestock and poultry.
Conventional operations in the operation steps of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for preparing the polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product wastes with the composite microbial inoculum is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the compound microbial inoculum is lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, neurospora crassa and bacillus coagulans;
the preservation number of the neurospora crassa is CGMCC No. 13769; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 13953; the preservation number of the bacillus coagulans is CGMCC No. 13954; the preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CGMCC No. 13955;
the method comprises the steps of preparation of a solid state fermentation culture medium, solid state fermentation and drying.
2. The method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with the complex microbial inoculant according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the solid-state fermentation step is to add the activated composite microbial inoculum and water into a solid-state fermentation culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 4-10 wt%, and the lactobacillus plantarum: b, bacillus subtilis: neurospora crassa: the mass ratio of the bacillus coagulans is 0.6-1.5: 1.2-2.8: 0.6-1.5: 0.6 to 1.5; the material-water ratio is 1: 0.6-1, and the fermentation time is 35-60 h.
3. The method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with the complex microbial inoculant according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the solid state fermentation adopts a low-temperature drying processing technology, the material temperature at the early stage is lower than 45 ℃, and the material temperature at the later stage is lower than 60 ℃.
4. The method for preparing polypeptide fish flavor powder by fermenting aquatic product waste with the complex microbial inoculant according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and drying the fermentation product until the water content is less than 10%, and crushing and sieving by a 40-60-mesh sieve to obtain the polypeptide fish flavor powder.
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| CN101564081A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-28 | 上海创博生态工程有限公司 | Production method for producing fish meal replacement products by utilizing fermentation process |
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| CN101564081A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-28 | 上海创博生态工程有限公司 | Production method for producing fish meal replacement products by utilizing fermentation process |
| CN103725738A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-16 | 浙江工商大学 | Method for preparing collagen polypeptides by using larimichthys crocea leftovers |
| CN106343151A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-25 | 深圳市中雁生物工程有限公司 | Production method of animal feed enriched in carotenoid and probiotics |
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