CN107440821A - 一种人工髋关节 - Google Patents
一种人工髋关节 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107440821A CN107440821A CN201710787178.9A CN201710787178A CN107440821A CN 107440821 A CN107440821 A CN 107440821A CN 201710787178 A CN201710787178 A CN 201710787178A CN 107440821 A CN107440821 A CN 107440821A
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- flexible connector
- artificial hip
- femoral stem
- hip prosthesis
- femur bulb
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Abstract
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种调节灵活、能满足各方向活动需求、相关接触面耐磨性高的人工髋关节假体，并改善其植入工具，减小手术创伤该人工髋关节假体包括一股骨柄、股骨球头和弹性连接件，股骨柄的远端可插接在股骨髓腔内，股骨柄的近端向侧上方延伸，自然状态下延伸端轴线与股骨柄轴线间夹角为110°～140°，延伸端的端部突然变细成台阶状，细段向侧上方延伸6～10mm，用于固定弹性连接件，弹性连接件一端***细段并抵靠所述台阶处，弹性连接件另一端与股骨球头相连，股骨球头与弹性连接件连接处具有长6～10mm的柱状突起，由此实现人工髋关节假体各角度的任意调整，尤其是在矢状位和冠状位分别对前倾角和颈干角进行调整。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及关节假体领域，特别是一种人工髋关节假体。
背景技术
近年来，随着人工髋关节置换术的应用和普及，骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、股骨头无菌性坏死、创伤性关节炎、先天性髋臼发育不良等疾病逐步得到有效治疗和改善，人工髋关节置换手术已成为治疗髋关节疾病疗效最好的方法。该手术所使用的人工髋关节假体包括股骨假体和髋臼杯假体，其中髋臼杯假体的牢固性和稳定性，以及股骨假体和髋臼杯与人体自然骨骼结构的适应性，是影响人工髋关节假体寿命和安全较为关键的因素。而目前采用较多的为一体式设计或铰接式设计，但其调节性仍然有限，无法满足人体自然骨骼的灵活性和人体多种生理需要，从而影像治疗效果。
由于人体髋关节功能复杂，特别是具有多个方向的活动能力，且承受一定的拉、压、折、屈等负荷，所以对材料性能的选择要求非常高。譬如：髋关节由关节头和关节窝组成，用于连接股骨头和骨盆的关节窝。通常连接股骨的金属杆为钴铬合金或钛合金材料制成，***髋关节窝的股骨顶端的球状物则由钴铬合金或是精制氧化铝陶瓷材料制成，髋关节窝本身通常为超高分子量聚乙烯半球构成，可直接植入骨盆。临床研究表明，基于超高分子量聚乙烯等材料的人工关节植入人体的有效工作年限为10～15年。可见，超高分子量聚乙烯等材料都有使用寿命，植入人体后同样面临失效的危险，在长期的使用过程中，承受着较大载荷以及与合金、陶瓷等硬质材料相对往复运动，容易因磨损引起诸多问题；磨损产生的磨屑聚积并诱发软组织产生一系列不良的生物学反应，使固定良好的人工髋关节松动，大大缩短了人工髋关节假体的使用寿命，从而使得大多患者不得不中途进行翻修手术。
另外，随着微创伤外科的发展，微创伤人工髋关节置换手术也越来越受到重视，其需要在一个相对较小的切口(5～10cm)内完成对关节假体的置换，需要医生丰富的经验和手术器械的改进以获得良好的手术效果。因此对工具提出了更高的要求，要求可实现足够的手术视野，减少手术时间，精准的定位。
因此，提高人工髋关节假体的灵活调节性，使其满足各方向活动的需求，并增强相关接触面的耐磨性，同时改善植入工具，减小手术创伤，使植入更安全，这些问题对于医务人员和患者而言亟待解决。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种调节灵活、能满足各方向活动需求、相关接触面耐磨性高的人工髋关节假体，并改善其植入工具，减小手术创伤，使植入更安全。该人工髋关节假体包括一股骨柄、股骨球头和弹性连接件，股骨柄的远端可插接在股骨髓腔内，股骨柄的近端向侧上方延伸，自然状态下延伸端轴线与股骨柄轴线间夹角为110°～140°，延伸端的端部突然变细成台阶状，细段向侧上方延伸6～10mm，用于固定弹性连接件，弹性连接件一端***细段并抵靠所述台阶处，弹性连接件另一端与股骨球头相连，股骨球头与弹性连接件连接处具有长6～10mm的柱状突起，通过柱状突起实现弹性连接件与股骨球头的固定连接。由此实现人工髋关节假体各角度的任意调整，尤其是在矢状位和冠状位分别对前倾角和颈干角进行调整。
股骨球头还包括相互配合的球状体和髋臼杯，球状体包括金属基体，金属基体外面设有新形式碳涂层，该涂层具有石墨烯的强度和硬度，但比石墨烯更耐磨，其微观结构为层片状单晶结构，晶格间距为0.21nm，同一片层的碳原子之间为sp3轨道杂化碳键连接，层与层之间的碳原子之间为sp2杂化碳键连接，其C含量为99～100％。髋臼杯包括聚乙烯基体，聚乙烯基体与球状体相配合的一面上设有与球状体金属基体相同的涂层；涂层厚度均小于10微米，由于该涂层的特殊结构，不仅满足了其硬度需求，也使得球状体和髋臼杯之间具有较高的耐磨性。
所述股骨柄具有***股骨髓腔所需的生理弯曲度，其近端和远端具有不同的截面，近端由近至远截面呈圆形逐渐过渡为椭圆形结构，远端呈片状锥形结构，从而能够有效抗旋转，并易于***股骨髓腔内。
所述弹性连接件为弹簧，形成弹簧的弹性金属丝排列紧密，其通过过盈配合分别与两端的股骨柄和股骨球头固定连接。
所述弹性连接件为筒状弹性金属，其通过过盈配合分别与两端的股骨柄和股骨球头固定连接。
所述弹性连接件具有人工髋关节假体所需的承重能力，并能够进行任意方向弯曲，其弯曲角度可偏离轴向20－40度。
所述股骨柄延伸端的细段与股骨柄由同一材料一体成形，所述股骨球头与其上的柱状突起也是同一材料一体成形，从而使得整体结构更加简单、耐用，制作安装更加方便，植入后更加稳定。
本发明还提供将如前所述的人工髋关节假体植入人体的置换装置，该置换装置具有操纵杆、导向伸缩杆、髋臼杯连接器、套筒和髋臼杯敲击杆，操纵杆的近端具有固定连接的把手，远端连接有髋臼杯连接器，把手下方固定连接一导向伸缩杆，导向伸缩杆的另一端设置有套筒孔，套筒嵌套在套筒孔内，套筒用来***髋臼杯敲击杆，导向伸缩杆具有弹性和支撑性，可进行各方向弯曲、拉伸和缩短，从而根据需要调节套筒与髋臼杯连接器的距离，并使两者对准以利于安装，安装时需事先调整好导向伸缩杆的距离和角度，将髋臼杯定位后使用髋臼杯敲击杆迅速敲实固定，随后移除髋臼杯敲击杆和置换装置。
所述导向伸缩杆为弹性金属材料或PVC材料制作而成，杆体为空心管状结构，呈褶皱状压叠形式以在外力作用下利于伸缩，而在自然状态下不变性不伸缩，呈现金属或PVC的固有强度，从而能够承受髋臼杯敲击杆的重量和压力。
所述髋臼杯敲击杆穿过套筒，一端与髋臼杯连接器相连，另一端具有方便敲击的柄部，髋臼杯敲击杆为硬质金属材料制作而成，为中空管状结构，管壁厚0.5－2mm，所述金属材料可为铝合金、钛合金、不锈钢等，需满足轻盈、结实耐用等特点。
所述髋臼杯连接器与操纵杆的远端活动卡接，并可在适当范围内借用外力调整相对角度，角度调整好后自动锁定，在外力作用下方可再次进行调整。
本发明的有益效果：
由于在股骨柄和股骨球头之间采用了弹性连接件，并在球状体和髋臼杯接触面上采用了高耐磨性碳涂层，从而使得人工髋关节假体调节灵活、能满足各方向活动需求，且相关接触面耐磨性高，更符合髋关节部位的生理需求，并能够避免因中途翻修而造成的二次手术风险；同时，还提供了一种具有操纵杆和导向伸缩杆的人工髋关节假体置换装置，其能够减小手术创伤，使植入更安全。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种人工髋关节假体的结构示意图；
图2是本发明一种人工髋关节假体中股骨球头的结构示意图；
图3是本发明一种人工髋关节假体置换装置的结构示意图，其具有高弹性导向伸缩杆；
附图中各部件的标记如下：1、股骨柄；2、股骨球头；3、弹性连接件；4、股骨柄远端；5、股骨柄近端；6、柱状突起；7、球状体；8、髋臼杯；9、金属基体；10、涂层；11、聚乙烯基体；12、操纵杆；13、导向伸缩杆；14、髋臼杯连接器；15、套筒；16、髋臼杯敲击杆；17、把手；18、柄部。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例1：
如图1所示，人工髋关节假体包括一股骨柄1、股骨球头2和弹性连接件3，股骨柄1的远端4可插接在股骨髓腔内，股骨柄的近端5向侧上方延伸，自然状态下延伸端轴线与股骨柄轴线间夹角为110°～140°，延伸端的端部突然变细成台阶状，细段向侧上方延伸6～10mm，用于固定弹性连接件3，弹性连接件3一端***细段并抵靠所述台阶处，弹性连接件3另一端与股骨球头2相连，股骨球头与弹性连接件3连接处具有长6～10mm的柱状突起6，通过柱状突起6实现弹性连接件与股骨球头的固定连接。由此实现人工髋关节假体各角度的任意调整，尤其是在矢状位和冠状位分别对前倾角和颈干角进行调整。
股骨球头2还包括相互配合的球状体7和髋臼杯8，如图2所示，球状体7包括金属基体9，金属基体9外面设有新形式碳涂层10，该涂层10具有石墨烯的强度和硬度，但比石墨烯更耐磨，其微观结构为层片状单晶结构，晶格间距为0.21nm，同一片层的碳原子之间为sp3轨道杂化碳键连接，层与层之间的碳原子之间为sp2杂化碳键连接，其C含量为99～100％。髋臼杯8包括聚乙烯基体11，聚乙烯基体与球状体相配合的一面上设有与球状体金属基体相同的涂层10；涂层10厚度均小于10微米，由于该涂层的特殊结构，不仅满足了其硬度需求，也使得球状体7和髋臼杯8之间具有较高的耐磨性。
所述股骨柄1具有***股骨髓腔所需的生理弯曲度，其近端5和远端4具有不同的截面，近端5由近至远截面呈圆形逐渐过渡为椭圆形结构，远端4呈片状锥形结构，从而能够有效抗旋转，并易于***股骨髓腔内。
所述弹性连接件3为弹簧，形成弹簧的弹性金属丝排列紧密，其通过过盈配合分别与两端的股骨柄1和股骨球头2固定连接。
所述弹性连接件3具有人工髋关节假体所需的承重能力，并能够进行任意方向弯曲，其弯曲角度可偏离轴向20－40度。
所述股骨柄1延伸端的细段与股骨柄由同一材料一体成形，所述股骨球头2与其上的柱状突起6也是同一材料一体成形，从而使得整体结构更加简单、耐用，制作安装更加方便，植入后更加稳定。
实施例2：
如图1所示，本发明的人工髋关节假体大部分结构与实施例1相同，不同的是，本实施例中所述弹性连接件3为筒状弹性金属，其中空结构既能节约材料又能保证足够的弹性需要，并通过过盈配合分别与两端的股骨柄1和股骨球头2固定连接。另外，该弹性连接件3也可具备锁定机构，在靠近端部处设置2－3个向内的突起，并在股骨柄1和股骨球头2相对应的连接位置设置2－3个向内的凹槽，以与弹性连接件3上的突起配合锁定。弹性连接件3也可以通过卡接、焊接等连接方式进行固定连接。
实施例3：
本发明还提供将如前所述的人工髋关节假体植入人体的置换装置，如图3所示，该置换装置具有操纵杆12、导向伸缩杆13、髋臼杯连接器14、套筒15和髋臼杯敲击杆16，操纵杆12的近端具有固定连接的把手17，远端连接有髋臼杯连接器14，把手下方固定连接一导向伸缩杆13，导向伸缩杆的另一端设置有套筒15，套筒用来***髋臼杯敲击杆16，导向伸缩杆13具有一定弹性和支撑性，可进行各方向弯曲、拉伸和缩短，从而根据需要调节套筒15与髋臼杯连接器14间的距离，并使两者对准以利于安装，安装时需事先调整好导向伸缩杆13的距离和角度，将髋臼杯定位后使用髋臼杯敲击杆16迅速敲实固定，随后移除髋臼杯敲击杆16和整个置换装置。
所述导向伸缩杆13为弹性金属材料或PVC材料制作而成，杆体为空心管状结构，呈褶皱状压叠形式以在外力作用下利于伸缩，而在自然状态下不变性不伸缩，呈现金属或PVC的固有强度，从而能够承受髋臼杯敲击杆16的重量和压力。
所述髋臼杯敲击杆16穿过套筒15，一端与髋臼杯连接器14相连，另一端具有方便敲击的柄部18，髋臼杯敲击杆16为硬质金属材料制作而成，为中空管状结构，管壁厚0.5－2mm，所述金属材料可为铝合金、钛合金、不锈钢等，需满足轻盈、结实耐用等特点。
所述髋臼杯连接器14与操纵杆12的远端活动卡接，并可在适当范围内借用外力调整相对角度，角度调整好后自动锁定，在外力作用下方可再次进行调整。
本发明由于在股骨柄和股骨球头之间采用了弹性连接件3，并在球状体7和髋臼杯8接触面上采用了高耐磨性碳涂层10，从而使得人工髋关节假体调节灵活、能满足各方向活动需求，且相关接触面耐磨性高，更符合髋关节部位的生理需求，并能够避免因中途翻修而造成的二次手术风险，使用更安全；同时，还提供了一种具有操纵杆12和导向伸缩杆13的人工髋关节假体置换装置，其能够减小手术创伤，使植入更安全。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种人工髋关节假体，包括股骨柄、股骨球头和弹性连接件，股骨柄的远端可插接在股骨髓腔内，股骨柄的近端向侧上方延伸，自然状态下延伸端轴线与股骨柄轴线间夹角为110°～140°，延伸端的端部突然变细成台阶状，细段向侧上方延伸6～10mm，用于固定弹性连接件，弹性连接件一端***细段并抵靠所述台阶处，弹性连接件另一端与股骨球头相连，股骨球头与弹性连接件连接处具有长6～10mm的柱状突起，通过柱状突起实现弹性连接件与股骨球头的固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工髋关节假体，所述股骨球头还包括相互配合的球状体和髋臼杯，球状体包括金属基体，所述金属基体外面设有新形式碳涂层，该涂层具有石墨烯的强度和硬度，但比石墨烯更耐磨，其微观结构为层片状单晶结构，晶格间距为0.21nm，同一片层的碳原子之间为sp3轨道杂化碳键连接，层与层之间的碳原子之间为sp2杂化碳键连接，其C含量为99～100％；髋臼杯包括聚乙烯基体，聚乙烯基体与球状体相配合的一面上设有与球状体金属基体相同的涂层，所述涂层厚度均小于10微米。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的人工髋关节假体，所述股骨柄具有***股骨髓腔所需的生理弯曲度，其近端和远端具有不同的截面，近端由近至远截面呈圆形逐渐过渡为椭圆形结构，远端呈片状锥形结构，从而能够有效抗旋转，并易于***股骨髓腔内。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的人工髋关节假体，所述弹性连接件为弹簧，形成弹簧的弹性金属丝排列紧密，其通过过盈配合分别与两端的股骨柄和股骨球头固定连接。
5.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的人工髋关节假体，所述弹性连接件为筒状弹性金属，其通过过盈配合分别与两端的股骨柄和股骨球头固定连接。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的人工髋关节假体，所述弹性连接件具有人工髋关节假体所需的承重能力，并能够进行任意方向弯曲，其弯曲角度可偏离轴向20－40度。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的人工髋关节假体，所述股骨柄延伸端的细段与股骨柄由同一材料一体成形，所述股骨球头与其上的柱状突起也是由同一材料一体成形。
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108836577A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-20 | 北京安颂科技有限公司 | 髋臼假体及人工髋关节 |
| CN112741715A (zh) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | 吉林大学 | 金属3d打印定制化套筒组配式股骨髓内针假体 |
| CN112998914A (zh) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-22 | 佳木斯大学 | 一种人工髋关节 |
| CN113081401A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 澳特拉斯(北京)科技有限公司 | 柔性髋关节柄及采用其的柔性髋关节假体 |
| CN113397766A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-17 | 嘉思特华剑医疗器材(天津)有限公司 | 一种长期稳定性高的仿生型表面髋关节假体 |
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| CN108836577A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-20 | 北京安颂科技有限公司 | 髋臼假体及人工髋关节 |
| CN108836577B (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2024-01-09 | 北京安颂科技有限公司 | 髋臼假体及人工髋关节 |
| CN113081401A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-09 | 澳特拉斯(北京)科技有限公司 | 柔性髋关节柄及采用其的柔性髋关节假体 |
| CN113081401B (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-10-21 | 贵州澳特拉斯科技有限公司 | 柔性髋关节柄及采用其的柔性髋关节假体 |
| CN112741715A (zh) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | 吉林大学 | 金属3d打印定制化套筒组配式股骨髓内针假体 |
| CN112998914A (zh) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-22 | 佳木斯大学 | 一种人工髋关节 |
| CN113397766A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-17 | 嘉思特华剑医疗器材(天津)有限公司 | 一种长期稳定性高的仿生型表面髋关节假体 |
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