CN107437995A - Satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system and communication means - Google Patents
Satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system and communication means Download PDFInfo
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- CN107437995A CN107437995A CN201610364910.7A CN201610364910A CN107437995A CN 107437995 A CN107437995 A CN 107437995A CN 201610364910 A CN201610364910 A CN 201610364910A CN 107437995 A CN107437995 A CN 107437995A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18593—Arrangements for preventing unauthorised access or for providing user protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0855—Quantum cryptography involving additional nodes, e.g. quantum relays, repeaters, intermediate nodes or remote nodes
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system and communication means, for solving, network size present in prior art is small and the short technical problem of communication distance, network system includes the credible relaying of multiple quantum, multiple earth stations, multiple quantum terminals, a plurality of fiber optic quantum key distribution link and a plurality of free-space quantum key distribution link, the wherein credible relaying of quantum includes quantum router, satellite and quantum gateway, fiber optic quantum key distribution link is used to realize quantum gateway and quantum router, connection between earth station and quantum router, free-space quantum key distribution link is used to realize coupling between satellite and earth station and satellite；Communication means includes：Consult between quantum is credible relaying between satellite and earth station and store key；Established between quantum terminal and connect and transmit information；Present node judges whether information needs to encrypt；Present node is encrypted and transmits information；Quantum terminal discharges the connection between them.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, is related to a kind of quantum communication network and communication means, and in particular to one
The satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system of kind and communication means, lead to available for the quantum for building covering the whole world
Communication network.
Background technology
Quantum communications are to be passed using quantum-mechanical system and information theory theory so as to reach the unconditional security of information
A kind of defeated communication mode.It has the characteristics that unconditional absolute safety, the high efficiency of transmission, therefore,
Extensive attention has been obtained, has achieved quick development.Some companies and research institution have begun to attempt with not
Quantum communication network, including ARPA DARPA quantum communications nets are established with mode
Secret communication network SECOQC, Tokyo quantum key distribution network, the quantum telephone net that network, Europe are established
With quantum E-gov Network.These quantum communication networks are all local quantum communication networks, and comprising interstitial content all
Only 3 to 10, even if China in 2013 builds up worldwide largest, the most complete Jinan of function
Quantum secret communication experimental network also only has 56 nodes.
In order to solve the problems, such as that traditional quantum communication network can only realize local quantum communication network, research staff
Further exploration is done.For example, in 2014, Wang Shuan etc. is in periodical Optics Express 22 (18)
21739-21756 pages is published an article《Field and long-term demonstration of a wide area quantum
key distribution network》, it is proposed that a kind of wide area quantum communication network, network coverage Chaohu, the grassland
Lake and three, Hefei city, wherein Chaohu include the node one as credible relaying, and Wuhu includes three nodes,
Hefei includes five nodes, and it is close that these nodes include quantum key distribution QKD equipment, optical switch and quantum
Key distributes QKD routers, between node is connected by fiber link.In communication process, adjacent node
Between by fiber link arranging key, and the cipher key pair information negotiated using it is encrypted, and realizes three
Interconnection between individual city, communication range reach 150km.But the network only has nine nodes, it is impossible to full
The demand of the extensive quantum communication network of foot, and communication range is smaller.Therefore need further to explore how to expand
Big quantum communication network scale and extension safe quantum communication distance.
The content of the invention
The defects of it is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned prior art to exist, it is proposed that a kind of satellite-based wide
Domain quantum communication network system and communication means, for solving in existing quantum communications network system and communication means
Existing network size is small and the short technical problem of communication distance.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is：
A kind of satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system, including the credible relaying of multiple quantum, multiple ground
Stand 3, multiple quantum terminals, a plurality of fiber optic quantum key distribution link 4 and a plurality of free space quantum key point
Chain 2 is sent out, wherein：
Quantum is credible to relay the quantum router 13, satellite 11 and quantum gateway for including being configured with QKD terminals
12, for extending the coverage and encrypt and decrypt information of quantum key distribution, wherein quantum router
13 are additionally operable to routing management, and quantum gateway 12 is additionally operable to relays signaling messages；
Earth station 3 includes QKD terminals and optical device, for realizing star quantum key distribution；
Quantum terminal includes landline telephone 54, computer 51, mobile subscriber 52 and vehicle-mounted 53；
Fiber optic quantum key distribution link 4 and free-space quantum key distribution link 2, including at least one
Classical channel and a quantum channel, after classical channel is used for auxiliary information and the encryption of transmission quantity quantum key distribution
Data, quantum channel be used for transmit quantum state caused by key agreement；Wherein fiber optic quantum key distribution link
4 be used to realizing quantum gateway 12 and quantum router 13, earth station 3, landline telephone 54, computer 51 and
Connection between quantum router 13；Free-space quantum key distribution link 2 is used to realize satellite 11 and ground
Connection between face station 3 and satellite 11.
Above-mentioned satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system, described quantum key distribution, for consulting to lead to
Believe the key required for both sides' encryption information.
Above-mentioned satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system, satellite 11 use low-orbit satellite.
Above-mentioned satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system, earth station 3 is using optics earth station.
A kind of communication means of satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system, comprises the following steps：
(1) quantum key point is passed through between the credible relaying of each quantum and between the credible relaying of quantum and earth station
Hair link negotiation goes out quantum key, and by the quantum key be stored in both link ends earth station or quantum it is credible
Relaying；
(2) quantum terminal in source is established with purpose quantum terminal and connected, and sends letter to associated quantum gateway
Breath；
(3) quantum gateway judges the data field of the IP datagram of the information received, if it is packet, if
It is to perform step (4), otherwise, the information received is sent to purpose quantum terminal by classical channel；
(4) quantum gateway using storage in step (1) quantum key, the information received to it carry out by
Jump and encrypt and transmit, realize as follows：
(4a) quantum gateway judges whether the quantum key amount of its storage is more than the bit number of its information received,
If so, the information received is encrypted using the quantum key of its storage, and the information after encryption is passed through
Classical transmission gives its adjacent node, and performs step (4b), otherwise, notifies source quantum terminal and purpose
Quantum terminal aborts communicate, and perform step (5)；
The encryption information received is decrypted using the quantum key that it is stored for (4b) present node, and is sentenced
Whether its disconnected adjacent node is purpose quantum terminal, if so, performing step (4d), otherwise, performs step (4c)；
(4c) present node judges whether the quantum key amount of its storage is more than the bit number of information after decryption, if
Be, using its storage quantum key the information after decryption is encrypted, and by the information after encryption pass through through
Allusion quotation transmission gives its adjacent node, performs step (4b), and otherwise, notice communicating pair interrupts communication, holds
Row step (5)；
Information after decryption is sent to purpose quantum terminal by (4d) quantum gateway by classical channel；
(5) source quantum terminal and purpose quantum terminal sign off, and discharge the connection between them.
The present invention compared with prior art, has advantages below：
First, the present invention relays because quantum is credible includes quantum router, satellite and quantum gateway, and often
The individual credible relaying of quantum is each equipped with QKD terminals, passes through fiber optic quantum key distribution link and free space amount
Quantum key distribution link, the network connection of different geographical in the world can be got up, with existing wide area quantum communications
Network system is compared, and expands network size.
Second, the present invention between the credible relaying of each quantum and between the credible relaying of quantum and earth station due to leading to
Cross quantum key distribution link negotiation and go out quantum key, and during arranging key, by establishing satellite and ground
High stability low loss quantum channel between the station of face, between satellite, the quantum key distribution of overlength distance is realized,
Compared with the communication means of existing wide area quantum communication network system, quantum communications distance is effectively extended.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of communication system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the hop-by-hop encryption schematic diagram of communication means of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the implementation process block diagram of communication means of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Reference picture 1, included based on satellite wide area quantum communication network system：Including multiple quantum it is credible relaying,
Multiple earth stations, multiple quantum terminals, a plurality of fiber optic quantum key distribution link, a plurality of free space quantum are close
Key distributes link and multiple base stations.
Quantum is credible, and relaying includes quantum router, satellite and quantum gateway, ensures quantum key in via node
On be safe, and be equipped with QKD terminals.QKD terminals are used for carrying out quantum key distribution, and manage
With the quantum key of storage generation, therefore the credible relaying of quantum can extend the coverage of quantum key distribution with
And the quantum key using storage, encryption and decryption classical information.The base unit of classical information is classical bit,
One classical binary bits is sometime being only possible to be in a kind of possible state, otherwise 0 state is in,
It is in 1 state.Wherein encryption classical information is that hop-by-hop is carried out, and principle is as shown in Figure 2.
Quantum router is additionally operable to routing management, completes the Path selection of nonneighbor node, and can only be in identical association
The network repeating data bag of view.
Quantum gateway is additionally operable to relays signaling messages, and it is a protocol converter, can be in the network of different agreement
Repeating data bag.
Satellite uses low-orbit satellite, is due to that satellite orbital altitude is low so that transmission delay is short, and path loss is small,
And the communication system of multiple satellite compositions can realize communication network covering the whole world.
Earth station includes QKD terminals and optical device, by establishing its high stability low loss between satellite
Quantum channel, realize the quantum key distribution of overlength distance.Because quantum key distribution is made using single-photon state
For information carrier, therefore the present invention uses optics earth station.
Quantum terminal includes landline telephone, computer, mobile subscriber and vehicle-mounted, it is possible to provide application service include
The functions such as plain old telephone, video conference and file transmission.When mobile subscriber and it is vehicle-mounted need encryption information when, can
To obtain key by QKD terminal of the USB interface from closest quantum gateway.
Fiber optic quantum key distribution link and free-space quantum key distribution link, it is classical including at least one
Channel and a quantum channel, wherein classical channel is used for the auxiliary information of transmission quantity quantum key distribution, such as basic vector
Contrast, data harmonization and the amplification of close property, the data after also transmission is encrypted；Quantum channel is used to transmit key agreement
During quantum state, such as horizontal state of polarization, perpendicular polarisation state, 45 degree of polarization states and 135 degree of polarization states.
Fiber optic quantum key distribution link be used to realizing quantum gateway and quantum router, earth station, landline telephone,
Connection between computer and quantum router.Free-space quantum key distribution link is used to realize satellite and ground
Connection between face station and satellite.Quantum key distribution distance based on optical fiber is influenceed and single by the loss of optical fiber
The characteristic limitation of photon detector, ground-to-ground free-space quantum key distribution distance is by earth curvature and remote
The limitation of the condition such as visual, has basically reached the limit, accordingly, it is considered to by establishing between satellite and earth station
High stability low loss quantum channel, realize the quantum key distribution of overlength distance.
Base station is used to forward classical information.
Reference picture 2, the present embodiment, the hop-by-hop encryption schematic diagram of communication means of the present invention is further illustrated, amount
Subnet closes 1 consults quantum key K0 by fiber optic quantum key distribution link and quantum router 1, and will
The quantum key is stored in the quantum gateway 1 and quantum router 1 of both link ends.Quantum router 1 passes through light
Fine quantum key distribution link consults quantum key K1 with quantum gateway 2, and the quantum key is stored in
The quantum router 1 and quantum gateway 2 of both link ends, i.e., shared between quantum gateway 1 and quantum router 1
Quantum key K0, quantum key K1 is shared between quantum router 1 and quantum gateway 2.Quantum terminal 1 is sent out
Message is sent to quantum gateway 1, after quantum gateway 1 receives information, using quantum key K0 to receiving
Information is encrypted, and the information after encryption is sent into quantum router 1 by classical channel.Quantum is route
Information after two quantum keys K0, K1 that device 1 is stored using it and encryption carries out XOR, equivalent to utilization
K1 encryption information, and the information after encryption is sent to quantum gateway 2.After quantum gateway 2 receives encryption
Information, the information after encryption is decrypted using quantum key K1 of its storage, and by the letter after decryption
Breath is sent to quantum terminal 2.
Reference picture 3, communication means of the invention comprise the following steps：
Step 1, consult and store quantum key.
Pass through quantum key distribution between each credible relaying of quantum and between the credible relaying of quantum and earth station
Link negotiation goes out quantum key, and the quantum key negotiated is stored in earth station or the quantum of both link ends
Credible relaying, negotiated by free-space quantum key distribution chain between its Satellite and earth station and satellite
Quantum key.Negotiation is to be used to encrypt classical information based on BB84 protocol realizations, the quantum key of storage.
Step 2, establish and connect breath of concurrently delivering letters.
Source quantum terminal is established with purpose quantum terminal and connected, and sends information to associated quantum gateway.
Establishing connection includes transmission control protocol TCP connection, UDP UDP connections or conversation initial
Agreement SIP connections.
Step 3, packet is determined whether.
After quantum gateway receives information, according to protocol fields in the IP datagram header message for receiving information,
Judge the data field of the IP datagram of information received, if it is TCP data bag or UDP message bag,
If so, performing step 4, otherwise, the information received is sent to purpose quantum terminal by classical channel；
Step 4, hop-by-hop encryption and information is transmitted.
Quantum gateway utilizes the quantum key stored in step 1, and the information received to it carries out hop-by-hop encryption simultaneously
Transmission, in ciphering process, if the quantum key of present node storage is less than the bit number of the information received,
Then quantum key amount is inadequate, and in order to ensure that information is not ravesdropping, notice communicating pair interrupts communication, realizes step
It is as follows：
Step 4a quantum gateways judge whether the quantum key amount of its storage is more than the bit of its information received
Number, if so, the information received is encrypted using the quantum key of its storage, the information that will be received
XOR is carried out with the quantum key of its storage, and gives the information after encryption to its adjacent segments by classical transmission
Point, and step 4b is performed, otherwise, notice source quantum terminal communicates with purpose quantum terminal aborts, and performs
Step 5；
The encryption information received is decrypted using the quantum key that it is stored for step 4b present nodes, i.e.,
The encryption information received and the quantum key of its storage are subjected to XOR, and it is first according to the IP datagram of information
Destination address field (DAF) in portion's information, judge whether its adjacent node is purpose quantum terminal, if so, performing step
4d, otherwise, perform step 4c；
Step 4c present nodes judge whether the quantum key amount of its storage is more than the bit number of information after decryption,
If so, the information after decryption is encrypted using the quantum key of its storage, and the information after encryption is passed through
Classical transmission gives its adjacent node, performs step 4b, and otherwise, notice communicating pair interrupts communication, holds
Row step 5；
Information after decryption is sent to purpose quantum terminal by step 4d quantum gateway by classical channel；
Step 5, sign off, release connection.
Source quantum terminal and purpose quantum terminal sign off, in order to ensure next proper communication, discharge them it
Between connection, that is, discharge resource, source quantum terminal and purpose quantum terminal is in idle condition.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system, it is characterised in that can including multiple quantum
Believe relaying, multiple earth stations (3), multiple quantum terminals, a plurality of fiber optic quantum key distribution link (4) and
A plurality of free-space quantum key distribution chain (2), wherein：
Quantum is credible to relay the quantum router (13), satellite (11) and quantum for including being configured with QKD terminals
Gateway (12), for extending the coverage and encrypt and decrypt information of quantum key distribution, wherein quantum
Router (13) is additionally operable to routing management, and quantum gateway (12) is additionally operable to relays signaling messages；
Earth station (3) includes QKD terminals and optical device, for realizing star quantum key distribution；
Quantum terminal includes landline telephone (54), computer (51), mobile subscriber (52) and vehicle-mounted (53)；
Fiber optic quantum key distribution link (4) and free-space quantum key distribution link (2), include extremely
Few a classical channel and a quantum channel, classical channel be used for transmission quantity quantum key distribution auxiliary information and
Data after encryption, quantum channel are used to transmit quantum state caused by key agreement；Wherein fiber quantum key point
Link (4) is generated to be used to realize quantum gateway (12) and quantum router (13), earth station (3), fixed electricity
Connection between words (54), computer (51) and quantum router (13)；Free space quantum key point
Hair link (2) is used to realize coupling between satellite (11) and earth station (3) and satellite (11).
2. satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described quantum key distribution, for the key required for negotiation communication both sides' encryption information.
3. satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described satellite (11), using low-orbit satellite.
4. satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described earth station (3), using optics earth station.
5. a kind of communication means of satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system, comprises the following steps：
(1) quantum key point is passed through between the credible relaying of each quantum and between the credible relaying of quantum and earth station
Hair link negotiation goes out quantum key, and by the quantum key be stored in both link ends earth station or quantum it is credible
Relaying；
(2) quantum terminal in source is established with purpose quantum terminal and connected, and sends letter to associated quantum gateway
Breath；
(3) quantum gateway judges the data field of the IP datagram of the information received, if it is packet, if
It is to perform step (4), otherwise, the information received is sent to purpose quantum terminal by classical channel；
(4) quantum gateway using storage in step (1) quantum key, the information received to it carry out by
Jump and encrypt and transmit, realize as follows：
(4a) quantum gateway judges whether the quantum key amount of its storage is more than the bit number of its information received,
If so, the information received is encrypted using the quantum key of its storage, and the information after encryption is passed through
Classical transmission gives its adjacent node, and performs step (4b), otherwise, notifies source quantum terminal and purpose
Quantum terminal aborts communicate, and perform step (5)；
The encryption information received is decrypted using the quantum key that it is stored for (4b) present node, and is sentenced
Whether its disconnected adjacent node is purpose quantum terminal, if so, performing step (4d), otherwise, performs step (4c)；
(4c) present node judges whether the quantum key amount of its storage is more than the bit number of information after decryption, if
Be, using its storage quantum key the information after decryption is encrypted, and by the information after encryption pass through through
Allusion quotation transmission gives its adjacent node, performs step (4b), and otherwise, notice communicating pair interrupts communication, holds
Row step (5)；
Information after decryption is sent to purpose quantum terminal by (4d) quantum gateway by classical channel；
(5) source quantum terminal and purpose quantum terminal sign off, and discharge the connection between them.
6. the communication law of satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system according to claim 5, its
It is characterised by, the negotiation described in step (1), using BB84 protocol realizations.
7. the communication law of satellite-based wide area quantum communication network system according to claim 5, its
It is characterised by, the decryption described in encryption and step (4b) described in step (4a), is by XOR amount
Sub-key and information realization.
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| 刘晓慧等: "《量子无线广域网构建与路由策略》", 《物理学报》 * |
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