CN107436158A - 一种光纤光栅传感解调*** - Google Patents

一种光纤光栅传感解调*** Download PDF

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CN107436158A
CN107436158A CN201710635645.6A CN201710635645A CN107436158A CN 107436158 A CN107436158 A CN 107436158A CN 201710635645 A CN201710635645 A CN 201710635645A CN 107436158 A CN107436158 A CN 107436158A
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light source
fiber bragg
demodulation system
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刘柯
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Tianjin Realistic Fei Bo Science And Technology Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/079799 priority patent/WO2019019666A1/zh
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    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
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    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
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    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35325—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in reflection, e.g. Mickelson interferometer
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种光纤光栅传感解调***，包括光源、光环形器、传感器件、光谱分析仪以及计算机，所述光源用于实现光源的连续输出；所述光环形器连接光源，用来将光源发出的光发送到传感器件，再将传感器件反射的光信号传输至光谱分析仪，所述光谱分析仪包括探测器以及采集器；所述探测器连接环形器的输出，用于将光信号转化为电信号；所述采集器连接探测器，用于接收电信号，并将数据传输至计算机。本发明克服了传统解调***难以实现小型化、轻型化、模块化的劣势；具有结构简单，维修方便，加工成本低、生产效率高等优点。

Description

一种光纤光栅传感解调***
技术领域
本发明属于光纤布拉格光栅传感器解调领域，尤其是涉及一种光纤光栅传感解调***。
背景技术
在光纤光栅传感解调领域中，现有的常见解调***包括可调谐光纤F-P滤波***、非平衡的M-Z干涉***、匹配光栅***及边缘滤波***等，这些***给涉及多种光学模块，结构复杂，难以实现小型化。
其中，可调谐光纤F-P滤波***的非线性及重复性差影响解调精度，并且当增加光源的扫描频率时，光纤光栅反射信号的边模抑制比将明显降低，进一步提高解调难度。而非平衡的M-Z干涉***由于参考臂与测量臂的光程差需要严格受控于外界环境的变化，并且***对外界环境变化的响应极为敏感，因此这种方法只适用于对动态参量的测量，无法实现恒定参量的解调。匹配光栅***要求参考光栅与测量光栅有完全一致的性能参数，这在实际应用中是很难实现的，进而导致该方法的降价空间很小。对于边缘滤波***，耦合器的耦合比与滤波器的稳定性将严重影响解调结果的精确性，使这种***的稳定性降低。
由于目前的解调***大多采用离散的光学器件，无法应用到集成光学器件，实现模块化的解调，从而陷入解调***体积大、成本高的困境。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种光纤光栅传感解调***，尤其适合小型的解调***，可减小***体积，降低成本。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种光纤光栅传感解调***，包括光源、光环形器、传感器件、光谱分析仪以及计算机，
所述光源用于实现光源的连续输出；
所述光环形器连接光源，用来将光源发出的光发送到传感器件，再将传感器件反射的光信号传输至光谱分析仪，所述光谱分析仪包括探测器以及采集器；
所述探测器连接环形器的输出，用于将光信号转化为电信号；
所述采集器连接探测器，用于接收电信号，并将数据传输至计算机。
进一步的，所述光源采用可调谐分布反馈激光二极管，通过调节注入电流的大小改变可调谐分布反馈激光二极管的输出波长，从而在注入电流连续变化的条件下，使光源实现连续的波长输出。
进一步的，所述传感器件采用光纤布拉格光栅，可根据布设需要进行个数及路数的拓展。
进一步的，所述探测器采用PIN二极管。
进一步的，所述采集器使用AVR芯片ATmega16L-8AI实现数据采集功能。
进一步的，当光源功率较大时，可采用光纤耦合器替代光环形器。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的一种光纤光栅传感解调***具有以下优势：本发明克服了传统解调***难以实现小型化、轻型化、模块化的劣势；具有结构简单，维修方便，加工成本低、生产效率高等优点。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明实施例所述的一种光纤光栅传感解调***的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例所述的探测器的电路示意图；
图3为本发明实施例所述的采集器的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如图1所示，一种光纤光栅传感解调***，采用可调谐分布反馈激光二极管作为光源，通过调节注入电流大小改变可调谐分布反馈激光二极管的输出波长，从而在注入电流连续变化的条件下，使光源实现连续的波长输出；采用的可调谐分布反馈激光二极管代替了传统解调***中ASE光源与滤波器的组合，是本***实现小型化的关键；这种激光二极管体积小，基于集成，可通过外界注入电流大小的改变，实现输出波长的连续调节；
光环形器：与光源连接，用来将光源发出的光发送到传感器件，再将传感器件反射的光信号传输至探测器；当光源功率较大时，可采用光纤耦合器替代
传感器件：光纤布拉格光栅是本***中与光环形器相连的传感元件，由于光栅的波长选择特性，其反射的中心波长大小与外界环境温度有关，当环境温度发生变化时，反射波长发生偏移，可通过此偏移量确定外界温度的变化，从而实现温度参数测量；可根据布设需要进行个数及路数的拓展，通过增加传感器数量，可以有效提高测量范围。
探测器：探测器主要实现将FBG反射的光信号转化成电信号的功能，与环形器的输出相连；同时由于光信号通常是十分微弱的，为提高信噪比，增强探测稳定性，在探测器的基础上连接放大器，达到信号放大的目的；本发明采用PIN二极管作为探测器，其具有响应频率高，响应速度快，供电电压低，工作稳定的特点；为提高较微弱电信号的信噪比，需增加放大单元，本***采用AD18606AR放大芯片，与PIN二极管相连，实现信号的放大；电路图如图2所示。
采集器：采集器与探测器相连，用于接收电信号，即获得FBG实时反射的光谱，并将数据传输至计算机，可用于波长解调及测量参量的转换；本发明采用AVR芯片ATmega16L-8AI实现数据采集功能，首先构建其最小***，包括电源线路、复位线路、晶振线路、AD转换滤波线路、ISP下载接口及JTAG仿真接口等；再将对应接口与探测模块相连接，实现信号的采集；电路图如图3所示。
计算机：***中计算机与探测器及采集器电路相连接，并将光谱分析仪获得的数据进行存储与处理，得到最终的测量值，并进行显示。
本发明的工作过程如下：将***光源设置为集成光学元件，即可调谐分布反馈激光二极管，通过调节该激光二极管的注入电流，实现光源的连续波长输出。将光纤光栅放置在变温环境下，光源产生的光经由光环形器传输至光纤布拉格光栅(阵列)发生反射。由探测器及采集模器分别获得温度变化前后的光纤光栅反射光谱。计算机完成对温度变化前后光谱数据的接收、存储并进行处理，通过解调，获得波长偏移量，再转换为对应测量值，进行显示。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种光纤光栅传感解调***，其特征在于：包括光源、光环形器、传感器件、光谱分析仪以及计算机，
所述光源用于实现光源的连续输出；
所述光环形器连接光源，用来将光源发出的光发送到传感器件，再将传感器件反射的光信号传输至光谱分析仪，所述光谱分析仪包括探测器以及采集器；
所述探测器连接环形器的输出，用于将光信号转化为电信号；
所述采集器连接探测器，用于接收电信号，并将数据传输至计算机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤光栅传感解调***，其特征在于：所述光源采用可调谐分布反馈激光二极管，通过调节注入电流的大小改变可调谐分布反馈激光二极管的输出波长，从而在注入电流连续变化的条件下，使光源实现连续的波长输出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤光栅传感解调***，其特征在于：所述传感器件采用光纤布拉格光栅，可根据布设需要进行个数及路数的拓展。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤光栅传感解调***，其特征在于：所述探测器采用PIN二极管。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤光栅传感解调***，其特征在于：所述采集器使用AVR芯片ATmega16L-8AI实现数据采集功能。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤光栅传感解调***，其特征在于：当光源功率较大时，可采用光纤耦合器替代光环形器。
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