CN107434996A - 润滑流体 - Google Patents

润滑流体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107434996A
CN107434996A CN201610352708.2A CN201610352708A CN107434996A CN 107434996 A CN107434996 A CN 107434996A CN 201610352708 A CN201610352708 A CN 201610352708A CN 107434996 A CN107434996 A CN 107434996A
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lubricating fluid
fluid
viscosity
viscosity index
damper
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冉立新
王曦
皮特·威廉·罗伯特·史密斯
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Priority to CN201610352708.2A priority Critical patent/CN107434996A/zh
Priority to EP17727164.0A priority patent/EP3464527A1/en
Priority to CN201780032174.8A priority patent/CN109415651A/zh
Priority to RU2018145707A priority patent/RU2742037C2/ru
Priority to US16/303,169 priority patent/US20200325413A1/en
Priority to BR112018074292-9A priority patent/BR112018074292A2/pt
Priority to PCT/EP2017/062473 priority patent/WO2017202873A1/en
Priority to JP2018561203A priority patent/JP7030065B2/ja
Priority to KR1020187032625A priority patent/KR102398825B1/ko
Publication of CN107434996A publication Critical patent/CN107434996A/zh
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Abstract

公开了一种适合用作减震流体的润滑流体。所述润滑流体以其重量为基准包含至少40wt％的GTL基油，粘度指数为50‑1000和倾点低于‑30℃。

Description

润滑流体
技术领域
本发明涉及适合用作减震流体的润滑流体。本发明还涉及所述润滑流体在减震器中的用途。
背景技术
减震器(有时也称作阻尼器)是设计用来消除或减弱突发性冲击脉冲和耗散动能的机械设备。减震器是汽车、摩托车或自行车减震、飞机起落架、火车减震和许多工业机器支撑的重要部件。大型减震器还用于建筑和土木工程中以减小结构对地震和共振的易感性。
减震器将动能转化为热能，然后可以使热能消散。液压减震器由内部带有滑动活塞的气缸组成。所述气缸中填充有减震流体。这种流体填充的活塞/气缸的组合也称为缓冲器。在车辆中，车轮的减震通常含有几个减震器，主要与压力弹性设施如线圈弹簧、钢板弹簧或扭力杆组合。这些弹簧不是减震器，因为弹簧只贮存能量但不耗散或吸收能量。如果车轮置于水平运动中，弹簧会吸收向上和向下的力，并将它们转化为热量。减震器与例如车轮轮胎的滞后作用一起抑制未装弹簧的重量的上下运动，从而有效地抑制车轮弹跳。这一点由于减震流体流过窄孔如内部阀门导致流体摩擦而将动能转化为热量来实现。
WO 201063752公开了可用作减震流体的流体，所述流体具有高的生物可降解性以及与粘度改进剂高的相容性，特别是在低温下。所述流体包含基油组合物和粘度指数改进剂。所述基油组合物包含GTL基油和多羟基化合物的酯。
本发明人寻求提供适合用作减震流体的润滑流体，所述润滑流体具有有利的性能，例如比商购减震流体更好的长期剪切稳定性和/或更好的低温粘度性能。
发明内容
本发明人发现由GTL基油、烷基苯或烷基萘和粘度调节剂的有利组合可以制备适合用作减震流体的润滑流体。这种组合表现出好的剪切稳定性和好的低温粘度。
因此,本发明提供一种润滑流体，所述润滑流体以其重量为基准包含：
(a)至少40wt％的GTL基油；
(b)5-25wt％的烷基苯或烷基萘；和
(c)0.1-20wt％的粘度指数改进剂；
其中所述润滑流体的粘度指数为50-1000和倾点低于-30℃。
所述润滑流体适合用作减震流体，但也可用作车叉油或工业润滑剂如液压流体或轴承油和循环油。
本发明还提供本发明的润滑流体在减震器中的用途。
本发明还提供包含本发明的润滑流体的车辆。
具体实施方式
润滑流体以其重量为基准包含至少40wt％的GTL基油。润滑流体以其重量为基准优选包含50-90wt％的GTL基油，更优选为60-85wt％。
应用术语“GTL基油”描述通过转化天然气为液体燃料的费-托方法合成的基油。相比于由原油炼制的矿物油基油，它们具有非常低的硫含量和芳烃含量，并且具有非常高的链烷烃组分比。GTL基油可以为具有不同粘度的几种不同GTL基油的混合物。在100℃下GTL基油的运动粘度优选为2-10mm2/s，更优选为2.5-7mm2/s。所述运动粘度合适地按ASTM D445确定。合适的基油如已知的“GTL 4”和“GTL 3”可由Shell获得。
润滑流体以其重量为基准包含5-25wt％的烷基苯或烷基萘。合适地，烷基苯或烷基萘为不同烷基苯分子和/或烷基萘分子的混合物。烷基苯和/或烷基萘可以为单-或多-取代的，但优选为单-或二-取代的。在优选的实施方案中，润滑流体包含5-25wt％的被直链和/或支链烷基单-或二-取代的烷基苯的混合物，其中所述烷基为C6-C20烷基，优选为C9-C15烷基。在40℃下烷基苯或烷基萘的运动粘度(合适地按ASTM D445确定)合适地为3-400mm2/s，优选为3-50mm2/s和更优选为3-10mm2/s。平均相对分子量合适地为180-300，优选为200-280，和更优选为230-260。
润滑流体以其重量为基准包含0.1-20wt％的粘度指数改进剂。润滑流体优选包含1-18wt％的粘度指数改进剂，更优选为3-10wt％。
粘度指数改进剂(也称为VI改进剂、粘度调节剂或粘度改进剂)为润滑剂提供高温和低温可操作性。这些添加剂赋予在高温和低温下的剪切稳定性和可接受的粘度。合适的粘度指数改进剂包括低分子量和高分子量的烃、聚酯和能够起到粘度指数改进剂和分散剂双重功能的粘度指数改进分散剂。这些聚合物的典型分子量为约10,000-1,000,000，更典型地为约20,000-500,000，和甚至更典型地为约50,000-200,000。合适的粘度指数改进剂的例子为甲基丙烯酸酯、丁二烯、烯烃或烷基化的苯乙烯的聚合物和共聚物。
优选地，粘度指数改进剂为聚甲基甲基丙烯酸酯(也称为PMMA)，即各种链长的甲基和烷基甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物。特别优选的PMMA粘度指数改进剂为可商购的Viscoplex粘度改进剂(Viscoplex为GmbH&CO.KG,Darmstadt德国的商品名)。
润滑流体合适地还包含通常在减震流体中应用的一种或多种添加剂。这些添加剂可以以添加剂包的形式加入。典型的添加剂包包含抗氧化剂和耐磨剂，但也可以包含分散剂、清净剂、防腐和防锈剂、金属钝化剂、极压添加剂、防咬合剂、降倾点剂、蜡质调节剂、密封相容剂、摩擦调节剂、润滑性能剂、防污剂、显色剂、消泡剂和破乳剂。
润滑流体优选包含耐磨添加剂。合适的耐磨添加剂包括含金属和不含金属的烷基硫代磷酸盐，如二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，通常用量为润滑流体重量的约0.4-1.4wt％。
润滑流体优选包含消泡剂。有机硅和有机聚合物是典型的消泡剂。消泡剂优选为低硅或无硅消泡剂，如丙烯酸共聚物或脂肪胺乙氧基化物。以润滑流体的重量为基准，消泡剂的含量合适地小于1wt％，优选小于0.1wt％和更优选小于0.05wt％。
润滑流体的粘度指数为50-1000，优选为100-600。粘度指数合适地按ASTM D2272确定。如果粘度指数太低，则润滑流体在低温下可能太粘和在高温下可能太稀薄，由此润滑流体在减震器中不能有效地起作用。
润滑流体的倾点低于-30℃，优选低于-45℃。倾点合适地按ASTM D97确定。如果润滑流体具有较高的倾点，则流体在寒冷的环境条件下可能不能流动，包含该流体的减震器可能不能起作用。
润滑流体在40℃下的运动粘度合适地为至少7mm2/s，优选为至少10mm2/s和更优选为至少12mm2/s。在40℃下的运动粘度合适地按ASTM D445确定。如果润滑流体要在减震器中有效地起作用，则具有这种粘度是重要的。
润滑流体在-40℃下的Brookfield粘度合适地小于2000cP，更优选小于1500cP和最优选小于1250cP。在-40℃下的Brookfield粘度合适地按ASTM D2983确定。如果润滑流体要在减震器中有效地起作用，则具有这种粘度是重要的。
润滑流体在40℃下的剪切稳定性(按CEC L-45-99测量)合适地小于10％，更优选小于5％和最优选小于3％。润滑流体具有最高可能的剪切稳定性(和在测试条件下最低可能的剪切稳定性损失)是重要的，从而当在减震器中使用时，润滑流体具有对于最长可能时段的有效操作来说正确的粘度。如果润滑组合物具有差的剪切稳定性，它将随时间剪切力下降和粘度将很快在所需范围以外。
下面参考如下实施例描述本发明，这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例
制备具有下表1所示配方的减震流体(实施例1)：
表1
两种GTL基油均由Shell获得。GTL 4基油在100℃下的粘度(按ASTM D445测量)为3.80-4.20cSt。GTL 3基油在100℃下的粘度(按ASTM D445测量)为2.8cSt。烷基苯为在40℃下运动粘度为3-5mm2/s的单-取代烷基苯的混合物。通过混合和加热所有组分直到得到均匀混合物而制备所述流体。
测试
对实施例1的减震流体和两种商购的减震流体(对比例1和对比例2)进行测试。表2给出了所测试的性能、所应用的测试方法以及实施例1、对比例1和对比例2的结果。
表2
性能 测试方法 实施例1 对比例1 对比例2
15℃下的密度(g/cm3) ASTM D4052 0.8247 0.8611 0.836
40℃下的粘度(cSt) ASTM D445 13.086 14.18 14.5018
100℃下的粘度(cSt) ASTM D445 3.8561 4.0547 4.0913
粘度指数 ASTM D2272 210.7 206.4 202.3
-40℃下的Brookfield粘度(cP) ASTM D2983 1020 2369 1800
倾点(℃) ASTM D97 -60 <-45 <-45
40℃下的剪切稳定性(％粘度损失) CEC L-45-99 2.70 13.50 6.02
结果表明所有三种减震流体的密度、40℃和100℃下的粘度和粘度指数均类似。与商购的减震流体(对比例1和对比例2)相比，本发明的减震流体(实施例1)具有改进的Brookfield粘度，也具有更好的剪切稳定性。

Claims (8)

1.一种润滑流体，所述润滑流体以其重量为基准包含：
(a)至少40wt％的GTL基油；
(b)5-25wt％的烷基苯或烷基萘；和
(c)0.1-20wt％的粘度指数改进剂；
其中所述润滑流体的粘度指数为50-1000和倾点低于-30℃。
2.权利要求1的润滑流体，包含50-90wt％的GTL基油。
3.权利要求1或2的润滑流体，包含5-25wt％的被直链和/或支链烷基单-或二-取代的烷基苯的混合物，其中所述烷基为C6-C20烷基。
4.前述权利要求任一项的润滑流体，其中所述粘度指数改进剂选自甲基丙烯酸酯、丁二烯、烯烃或烷基化的苯乙烯的聚合物和共聚物。
5.前述权利要求任一项的润滑流体，包含含金属或不含金属的烷基硫代磷酸盐，其含量为润滑流体重量的约0.4-1.4wt％。
6.前述权利要求任一项的润滑流体，包含丙烯酸共聚物或脂肪胺乙氧基化物,其含量小于润滑流体重量的0.1wt％。
7.前述权利要求任一项的润滑流体在减震器中的用途。
8.包括权利要求7的减震器的车辆。
CN201610352708.2A 2016-05-25 2016-05-25 润滑流体 Pending CN107434996A (zh)

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