CN107431927A

CN107431927A - Safe wireless wakes up adjoint

Info

Publication number: CN107431927A
Application number: CN201680019408.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: O·J·贝诺伊特; S·J·谢尔哈默; R·马利克
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2015-03-30
Filing date: 2016-03-11
Publication date: 2017-12-01
Also published as: WO2016160306A1; EP3278601A1

Abstract

Some aspects of present disclosure relate generally to radio communication, and more particularly, to the ultra low power paging frame for waking up and finding.Exemplary means generally comprise at least one interface, it is configured as via the first radio unit and the second radio unit getting frame, wherein, interface is when the first radio unit is in the first power rating, via the second radio unit from other device receiving frames；And processing system, it is configured as the command field included based on frame, takes one or more actions.

Description

Safe wireless wakes up adjoint

The cross reference of related application

This application claims enjoy the preferential of the U.S. Patent Application No. 14/673,628 submitted on March 30th, 2015 Power, this application is assigned to present assignee, therefore is by reference expressly incorporated herein its entire content.

Background

Technical field

Put it briefly, some aspects of present disclosure are related to radio communication, specifically, are related to for waking up and finding Ultra low power paging frame (for example, short medium access control (MAC) frame).

Background technology

Cordless communication network is widely disposed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, grouped data, message Transmission, broadcast etc..These wireless networks can be the multiple access net that multiple users can be supported by sharing available network resource Network.The example of these multi-access networks includes CDMA (CDMA) network, time division multiple acess (TDMA) network, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) Network, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network.

In order to solve the needs to bigger covering and increased communication range, various schemes are being developed.One this side Case be developed by IEEE (IEEE) 802.11ah task groups secondary 1-GHz frequency ranges (for example, Operated in the U.S. in the range of 902-928MHz).The exploitation is driven by following needs：Using with than other IEEE 802.11 groups of bigger wireless ranges and the frequency range being lost with lower obstacle.

The content of the invention

The system of present disclosure, method and apparatus respectively have many aspects, and the single aspect in these aspects is not It is merely responsible for its expected attribute.Not by scope of the present disclosure the situation for being limited to the scope that following claim is stated Under, some characteristics are will be briefly discussed now.After considering this discussion, and especially name as " specific implementation having read After the part of mode ", it will be understood by those skilled in the art that how the characteristic of present disclosure is provided including in the wireless network Access point and station between improved communication advantage.

Some aspects of present disclosure are provided for the ultra low power paging frame for waking up and finding (for example, short medium is visited Ask control (MAC) frame).

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises at least one Interface, it is configured as being received via the first radio unit and the second radio unit, wherein, at least one interface When the first radio unit is in low power state, via the second radio unit, paging frame is received from other devices；With And processing system, its command field for being configured as including based on paging frame take one or more actions.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises processing system System, it is configured to determine that whether other devices can be when the first radio unit be in low power state, via second Radio unit receives paging frame, and is based on the determination, and generation includes the paging frame of command field, and the command field indicates The one or more actions to be taken of other devices；And at least one interface, it is configured as exporting paging frame with to other Device is transmitted.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of method for being used to carry out radio communication by user equipment (UE).The party Method is commonly included in the first radio unit when being in low power state, via the second radio unit, receives and seeks from device Exhale frame, and one or more actions are taken based on the command field that paging frame includes.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of method for being used to carry out radio communication by device.This method is typically wrapped Include and determine whether other devices can come when the first radio unit is in low power state via the second radio unit Paging frame is received, based on the determination, generation includes the paging frame of command field, and the command field indicates what other devices to be taken One or more action, and paging frame is sent to other devices.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises：For When first radio unit is in low power state, the list of paging frame is received from other devices via the second radio unit Member, and the command field for being included based on paging frame take one or more units acted.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises：For true Whether fixed other devices can receive when the first radio unit is in low power state via the second radio unit The unit of paging frame, for based on the determination, generating the unit for the paging frame for including command field, the command field indicates other The one or more actions to be taken of device, and for paging frame to be sent to the unit of other devices.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of computer program product.The computer program product generally comprises meter Calculation machine computer-readable recording medium, it has the instruction for following operation being stored thereon：Low-power is in the first radio unit When in state, via the second radio unit from device receive paging frame, and based on the command field that paging frame includes come Take one or more actions.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of computer program product.The computer program product generally comprises meter Calculation machine computer-readable recording medium, it has the instruction for following operation being stored thereon：Whether determining device can be wireless first When electric unit is in low power state, paging frame is received via the second radio unit；Based on the determination, generation includes life The paging frame of field is made, the one or more actions to be taken of the command field instruction device, and paging frame is sent to dress Put.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of station.The station generally comprises the first radio unit, the second radio Unit, it is configured as when the first radio unit is in low power state, and paging frame, and processing system are received from device System, its command field for being configured as including based on paging frame take one or more actions.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises at least one Antenna and processing system, it is configured as：Determining device whether can when the first radio unit is in low power state, Paging frame is received via the second radio unit；Based on the determination, generation includes the paging frame of command field, the command field The one or more actions to be taken of instruction device；And paging frame is exported to be passed via at least one antenna to device It is defeated.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide：Frame authentication code (FAC) is used together with certification with ultra low power paging frame Ultra low power paging frame.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises at least one Interface, it is configured as carrying out getting frame via at least one of the first radio unit or the second radio unit, wherein, extremely A few interface is when the first radio unit is in the first power rating, via the second radio unit, from other devices Getting frame；And whether processing system, its authentication code for being configured as being included based on frame are matched to take with local authentication code One or more action.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The transposition generally comprises processing system System, it is configured as based on via being communicated with other devices come the ability information of other devices obtained, other to determine Whether device can carry out receiving frame when the first radio unit is in the first power rating via the second radio unit, And based on the determination, generation includes being used for the frame of the authentication code of authentication frame；And at least one interface, it is configured as defeated Go out frame to be transmitted to other devices.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of method for being used to carry out radio communication by user equipment (UE).The party Method is commonly included in the first radio unit when being in the first power rating, is received via the second radio unit from device Frame；And whether the authentication code included based on frame is matched with local authentication code, to take one or more actions.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of method for being used to carry out radio communication by device.This method is typically wrapped Include：Based on via being communicated with other devices come the ability information of other devices obtained, to determine that other devices whether can It is enough to carry out receiving frame via the second radio unit when the first radio unit is in the first power rating, it is raw based on determination Frame is sent into the frame of the authentication code including authentication frame to be used for, and to other devices.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device is generally comprised for the When one radio unit is in the first power rating, via the second radio unit, from the unit of other device receiving frames, with And whether the authentication code for being included based on frame is matched with local authentication code to take one or more units acted.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises：For from Other devices receive the unit of communication, the unit of the ability information for obtaining other devices from communication, for being believed based on ability Breath, determines whether other devices can be when the first radio unit be in the first power rating, via the second radio list Member carrys out the unit of receiving frame, for based on determination, generation to include being used for the unit of the frame of the authentication code of authentication frame, and is used for The unit of frame is sent to other devices.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of computer program product.The computer program product generally comprises meter Calculation machine computer-readable recording medium, it has the instruction for following operation being stored thereon：The first work(is in the first radio unit When in rate state, via the second radio unit, from device receiving frame, and the authentication code included based on frame whether with local One or more actions are taken in authentication code matching.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of computer program product.The computer program product generally comprises meter Calculation machine computer-readable recording medium, it has the instruction for following operation being stored thereon：Based on being communicated via with device to obtain The ability information of the device taken, comes whether determining device can pass through when the first radio unit is in the first power rating By the second radio unit come receiving frame, based on determination, generation includes being used for the frame of the authentication code of authentication frame, and to device Send frame.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of station.The station generally comprises the first radio unit, the second radio Unit, it is configured as when the first radio unit is in the first power rating, from device receiving frame, and processing system Whether system, its authentication code for being configured as being included based on frame are matched to take one or more actions with local authentication code.

Some aspects of present disclosure provide a kind of device for wireless communications.The device generally comprises processing system System, it is configured as：Based on being communicated with device, come whether determining device can be in the first work(in the first radio unit When in rate state, via the second radio unit receiving frame；Based on determination, generation includes being used for seeking for the authentication code of authentication frame Exhale frame；And output frame via at least one antenna to device to be transmitted.

In order to realize foregoing and related purpose, one or more aspects are including being hereinafter fully described and in the claims The characteristic specifically noted.The following description and drawings illustrate some illustrative characteristics of one or more aspects.However, this A little characteristics are merely indicative some modes in the various modes for the principle that can use various aspects, and this description is intended to include All these aspects and its equivalent.

Brief description of the drawings

In order to which the mode of the feature of present disclosure cited hereinabove is understood in detail, by referring to therein one It is the aspect being shown in the drawings a bit, the description summarized briefly above can be more particularly described.However it should be noted that It is that accompanying drawing illustrate only some typical patterns of present disclosure, and therefore be not to be construed as limiting its scope, because, description Other equally valid aspects can be allowed.

Fig. 1 shows the figure of the exemplary wireless communications network of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of the exemplary access point and user terminal of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of the example wireless device of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Fig. 4 shows the exemplary short frame format of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Fig. 5 shows to control the Exemplary field of (FC) field according to the frame of some aspects of present disclosure.

Fig. 6 shows the exemplary short control frame lattice for ultra low power paging frame of some aspects according to present disclosure Formula.

Fig. 7 shows the exemplary short control frame lattice for ultra low power paging frame of some aspects according to present disclosure The subfield of the fc field of formula.

Fig. 8-10 show according to some aspects of present disclosure be used for main radio unit wake up it is exemplary ultralow Power paging frame.

Figure 11 and 12 shows the exemplary ultralow work(for clock resynchronisation of some aspects according to present disclosure Rate paging frame.

Figure 13 shows the exemplary ultralow work(for being used for Wi-Fi direct and finding auxiliary of some aspects according to present disclosure Rate paging frame.

Figure 14 shows the exemplary ultralow work(for being used for social Wi-Fi and finding auxiliary of some aspects according to present disclosure Rate paging frame.

Figure 15 shows the exemplary ultra low power paging frame for being used to associate auxiliary of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Figure 16 shows the exemplary operation for radio communication of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Figure 16 A illustrate the ability to perform the exemplary cell of the operation shown in Figure 16.

Figure 17 shows the exemplary operation for radio communication of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Figure 17 A illustrate the ability to perform the exemplary cell of the operation shown in Figure 17.

Figure 18 shows the exemplary operation for radio communication of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Figure 18 A illustrate the ability to perform the exemplary cell of the operation shown in Figure 18.

Figure 19 shows that the example communication system of the technology of present disclosure can be put into practice wherein.

Figure 20 shows that the example communication system of the technology of present disclosure can be put into practice wherein.

Figure 21 shows the exemplary operation for radio communication of some aspects according to present disclosure.

Figure 21 A illustrate the ability to perform the exemplary cell of the operation shown in Figure 21.

Figure 22 shows that the example communication system of the technology of present disclosure can be put into practice wherein.

Figure 23 shows that the example communication system of the technology of present disclosure can be put into practice wherein.

In order to make it easy to understand, in the conceived case, it is used for identical reference and is shared to refer to accompanying drawing Identical element.It is contemplated that in one embodiment disclosed element can be advantageously utilised in other embodiments without Specifically it is described in detail.

Embodiment

Technology and device provided herein for ultra low power frame (for example, short medium access control (MAC) frame).It is ultralow Power frame can be for Wireless Telecom Equipment paging, wake-up, discovery and clock resynchronisation be useful.The technology provided The safety of ultra low power frame and device can be allowed to ensure with device to prevent rogue device from using provided technology exceedingly The radio unit of (for example, exhausting the battery electric quantity of sleeping devices) activation (for example, wake up) equipment and jamming equipment when Both clock re-synchronizations.

The various aspects of present disclosure are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.But present disclosure can be Realized in many different forms, and should not be construed as limited to any concrete structure for being presented throughout present disclosure or Function.On the contrary, these aspects is provided so that present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will scope of the present disclosure whole biographies Up to those skilled in the art.Based on teaching herein, it will be understood by a person skilled in the art that scope of the present disclosure purport Any aspect of present disclosure disclosed herein is being covered, is either being realized independently of any other aspect of present disclosure Or combined with any other aspect of present disclosure.It is, for example, possible to use any amount of aspect presented herein is come Realization device puts into practice method.In addition, scope of the present disclosure be intended to covering using except the disclosure presented herein Other structures, the function of the various aspects of content or various aspects different from present disclosure presented herein, or knot Structure and function are come such apparatus and method for putting into practice.It should be understood that can be by the one or more elements of claim To realize any aspect of present disclosure disclosed herein.

Although there is described herein specific aspect, many variations and arrangement in terms of these are also fallen into the disclosure Within the scope of appearance.Although refer to some benefits and advantage of preferred aspect, scope of the present disclosure be not intended as It is defined to specific benefit, use or purpose.But it is intended to be widely used in different wireless skills in terms of present disclosure Art, system configuration, network and host-host protocol, some of which are shown in accompanying drawing and ensuing preferred aspect by way of example Description in show.Specific embodiment part and accompanying drawing are only illustrating and noting limit by appended power to present disclosure Profit require and its equivalent defined in scope of the present disclosure.

Technology described herein can be used for various system of broadband wireless communication, including logical based on orthogonal multiplexing schemes Letter system.The example of this communication system includes space division multiple access (SDMA), time division multiple acess (TDMA), OFDM (OFDMA) system, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system etc..SDMA systems can use fully different directions same When send and belong to the data of multiple user terminals.TDMA system can be by the way that transmission signal be divided into different time-gap, each Time slot distributes to the mode of different user terminals, it is allowed to which multiple user terminals share identical frequency channels.OFDMA system makes With OFDM (OFDM), it is the modulation technique for multiple orthogonal sub-carriers by whole system bandwidth partition.This is a little Carrier wave is referred to as tone, frequency band etc..Using OFDM, each subcarrier can be modulated with Dynamic data exchange.SC-FDMA systems The FDMA (IFDMA) to interweave can be used to be sent on the subcarrier being distributed across system bandwidth, localization can be used FDMA (LFDMA) is sent on the block of adjacent sub-carrier, or can use the multiple of enhanced FDMA (EFDMA) adjacent sub-carrier Sent on block.In general, modulation symbol is sent using OFDM in a frequency domain, sent in the time domain using SC-FDMA.

Teaching herein can be merged into (for example, realize or be executed by it wherein) different wired or wireless device In (for example, node).In some respects, the radio node realized according to teaching herein can include access point or access eventually End.

Access point (" AP ") can include, be embodied as or for node B, radio network controller (" RNC "), evolved section Point B (eNB), base station controller (" BSC "), base station transceiver (" BTS "), base station (" BS "), transceiver function (" TF "), wireless Router, transceiver, Basic Service Set (" BSS "), extended service set (" ESS "), wireless base station (" RBS ") or certain its Its term.

Access terminal (" AT ") can include, be embodied as or for subscriber station, subscriber unit, movement station (MS), distant station, Remote terminal, user terminal (UT), user agent, user's set, user equipment (UE), subscriber station or certain other term. In some embodiments, access terminal can include cell phone, wireless phone, Session initiation Protocol (" SIP ") phone, wireless Local loop (" WLL ") is stood, personal digital assistant (" PDA "), have wireless connection capability handheld device, stand (" STA ") or It is connected to some other appropriate processing equipments of radio modem.Therefore, the one or more aspects of teachings herein Phone (for example, cell phone or smart phone), computer (for example, laptop computer), tablet personal computer, just can be merged into Take formula communication equipment, portable computing device (for example, personal digital assistant), amusement equipment (for example, music or video equipment or Satelline radio), global positioning system (GPS) equipment or be configured as via wirelessly or non-wirelessly medium communicated it is any its In its appropriate equipment.In some respects, node is radio node.Such radio node can provide, such as via wired Or connection of the wireless communication link to network or for network (for example, wide area network of such as internet or cellular network).

Example wireless communication system

Fig. 1 shows multiple access multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system 100 with access point and user terminal.For letter It is single, merely illustrate an access point 110 in Fig. 1.Access point is usually the fixed station with user terminal communication, and can also be claimed For base station or certain other term.User terminal can be fixed or move, and is referred to as movement station, wirelessly sets It is standby, or certain other term.Access point 110 can any given time on the downlink and uplink with one or more Individual user terminal 120 communicates.Downlink (that is, forward link) is the communication link from access point to user terminal, and on Line link (that is, reverse link) is the communication link from user terminal to access point.User terminal can also be with other user Terminal carries out peer-to-peer communications.System controller 130 is coupled to access point, and provides coordination and control for access point.

Although a part for content described below, which will describe user terminal 120, to be communicated via space division multiple access (SDMA), But for certain aspects, the user terminal 120 can also include some user terminals for not supporting SDMA.Therefore, for this A little aspects, AP 110 can be configured as communicating with both SDMA and non-SDMA user terminals.This method can advantageously allow for The user terminal (" tradition " stands) of legacy version keeps being deployed in enterprise, so as to extend their service life, while allows new SDMA user terminals suitably introduced.

System 100 uses multiple transmission antennas and multiple reception antennas to carry out data on the downlink and uplink Transmission.Access point 110 is equipped with N_apIndividual antenna simultaneously represents to pass for the multi input (MI) of downlink transmission and for up-link Defeated multi output (MO).The common multi output and pin represented for downlink transmission of set of the user terminal 120 of K selection To the multi input of up-link transmission.For pure SDMA, if for K user terminal data symbol stream not over some Mode was multiplexed into code, frequency or in the time, then expected to have N_ap≥K≥1.If data symbol stream can use TDMA technologies, profit It is multiplexed with CDMA different coding channel, using OFDM disjoint sets of subbands etc., then K can be more than N_ap.Often The user terminal of individual selection sends the specific data of user to access point and/or receives the specific data of user from the access point. In general, the user terminal each selected can be equipped with one or more antenna (that is, N_ut≥1).The user of K selection is whole End can have the antenna of identical quantity, or the antenna with varying number.

SDMA systems can be time division duplex (TDD) system or FDD (FDD) system.For TDD system, descending chain Road and up-link share identical frequency band.For FDD system, downlink and up-link use different frequency bands.MIMO System 100 can also be transmitted using single carrier or multicarrier.Each user terminal can be equipped with individual antenna (for example, in order to Cost is kept to reduce) or multiple antennas (for example, in the case where extra cost can be supported).If user terminal 120 passes through Transmission/reception is divided into different time-gap, each timeslot assignments share identical to the mode of different user terminals 120 Frequency channels, then system 100 can also be TDMA system.

Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of the access point 110 and two user terminals 120m and 120x in mimo system 100.Connect Access point 110 is equipped with N_tIndividual antenna 224a to 224t.User terminal 120m is equipped with N_ut,mIndividual antenna 252ma to 252mu, and User terminal 120x is equipped with N_ut,xIndividual antenna 252xa to 252xu.Access point 110 be for downlink sending entity and For the receiving entity of up-link.Each user terminal 120 is for the sending entity of up-link and for downlink Receiving entity.As used in this article, " sending entity " is the dress for the independent operation that data can be sent via wireless channel Put or equipment, and " receiving entity " is the device or equipment for the independent operation that data can be received via wireless channel.Under In the description in face, subscript " dn " represents downlink, and subscript " up " represents up-link, selects N_upIndividual user terminal is used for up Transmitted while on link, select N_dnIndividual user terminal transmits while being used on downlink, N_upIt can be equal or different to N_dn, N_upAnd N_dnIt can be quiescent value or the change of each scheduling interval can be directed to.Wave beam controls or certain other spatial manipulation Technology can also be used at access point and user terminal.

On uplink, it is selected for each at the user terminal 120 of up-link transmission, sends (TX) data Processor 288 receives business datum and from the receive control data of controller 280 from data source 286.TX data processors 288 are based on With for the associated coding of the speed selected by user terminal and modulation scheme come handle (for example, coding, interweave and modulation) pin To the business datum of user terminal, and provide data symbol stream.TX spatial processors 290 are performed at space in data symbol stream Reason, and by N_ut,mIndividual transmission symbol stream is supplied to N_ut,mIndividual antenna.Each transmitter unit (TMTR) 254 receives and handles (example Such as, simulation, amplification, filtering and up-conversion are converted to) symbol stream is sent accordingly, to generate uplink signal.N_ut,mIndividual hair Penetrate machine unit 254 and N is provided_ut,mIndividual uplink signal is with from N_ut,mIndividual antenna 252 is transmitted to access point.

N_upIndividual user terminal transmits while being scheduled in up-link.Each in these user terminals User terminal performs spatial manipulation in its data symbol stream, and sends it to access point on uplink and send symbol adfluxion Close.

At access point 110, N_apIndividual antenna 224a to 224ap is on uplink from all N_upIndividual user terminal receives Uplink signal.The signal received is supplied to corresponding receiver unit (RCVR) 222 by each antenna 224.Each connect Receipts machine unit 222 performs the processing complementary with the processing performed by transmitter unit 254, and provides the symbol stream of reception.RX is empty Between processor 240 from N_apThe N of individual receiver unit 222_apReceiver space processing is performed in the symbol stream of individual reception, and N is provided_upThe uplink data symbols stream of individual recovery.Inverted (CCMI) according to channel correlation matrix, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Soft rot bacteria (SIC) or certain other technology are handled to perform receiver space.The uplink data symbols each recovered Stream is the estimation of the data symbol stream sent by corresponding user terminal.RX data processors 242 obtain solution according to for the stream The speed of data after code, to handle the uplink data symbols that (for example, demodulation, deinterleaving and decoding) is each recovered Stream.It is supplied to data sink 244 to be stored and/or be supplied to controller the decoded data for each user terminal 230 further to handle.

On the uplink, at access point 110, TX data processors 210 are used for downlink transmission from for dispatching N_dnThe data source 208 of individual user terminal receives business datum, from the receive control data of controller 230, and from scheduler 234 Receive possible other data.Different types of data can be sent on different transport channels.The base of TX data processors 210 In for the speed selected by the user terminal come handle (for example, coding, interweave and modulation) be directed to each user terminal business Data.TX data processors 210 are N_dnIndividual user terminal provides N_dnIndividual down link data symbol stream.TX spatial processors 220 In N_dnSpatial manipulation is performed in individual down link data symbol stream (for example, such as the precoding described in present disclosure or ripple Beam shaping), and be N_apIndividual antenna provides N_apIndividual transmission symbol stream.Each transmitter unit 222 receives and handles corresponding transmission Symbol stream, to generate down link signal.N_apIndividual transmitter unit 222 provides N_apIndividual down link signal is with from N_apIndividual antenna 224 are transmitted to user terminal.

At each user terminal 120, N_ut,mIndividual antenna 252 receives N from access point 110_apIndividual down link signal.Each The symbol stream that receiver unit 254 handles the signal received from associated antenna 252 and offer receives.RX spatial manipulations Device 260 is from N_ut,mThe N that individual receiver unit 254 receives_ut,mReceiver space processing is performed in individual symbol stream, and to user Terminal provides the down link data symbol stream recovered.Performed according to CCMI, MMSE or certain other technology at receiver space Reason.RX data processors 270 handle down link data symbol stream that (for example, demodulation, deinterleaving and decoding) recover to obtain Take the decoded data for user terminal.

At each user terminal 120, channel estimator 278 estimates downlink channel response and provides downlink letter Estimate that Downlink channel estimation can include channel gain estimation, SNR estimations, noise variance etc. in road.Similar, channel The estimating uplink channel response of estimator 228 simultaneously provides uplink channel estimation.Controller for each user terminal 280 are typically based on the downlink channel response matrix H for the user terminal_dn,mLeading-out needle is filtered to the space of the user terminal Ripple device matrix.Controller 230 is based on effective uplink channel responses matrix H_up,effLeading-out needle is filtered to the space of the access point Ripple device matrix.For each user terminal controller 280 can to access point send feedback information (for example, downlink and/ Or uplink feature vector, characteristic value, SNR estimation etc.).Controller 230 and 280 also controls access point 110 and used respectively The operation of each processing unit at family terminal 120.

Fig. 3 shows can be used for each component in wireless device 302, and the wireless device 302 can be in mimo system 100 Interior use.Wireless device 302 is can be configured as realizing the operation shown in such as Figure 16-18 and 21 described herein 1600th, the example of the equipment of 1700,1800 and 2100 various methods.Wireless device 302 can be that access point 110 or user are whole End 120.

Wireless device 302 can include the processor 304 of the operation of control wireless device 302.Processor 304 can also claim For CPU (CPU).Read-only storage (ROM) and random access memory (RAM) memory of the two can be included 306 provide instruction and data to processor 304.The a part of of memory 306 can also include non-volatile random access storage Device (NVRAM).Processor 304 is typically based on the programmed instruction being stored in memory 306 and comes execution logic and arithmetic operator.Deposit Instruction in reservoir 306 can be executable to realize the behaviour shown in method described herein, such as Figure 16-18 and 21 Make 1600,1700,1800 and 2100.

Wireless device 302 can also include shell 308, and the shell can include emitter 310 and receiver 312 to allow The transmission and reception of data between wireless device 302 and remote location.Emitter 310 and receiver 312 can be combined into receipts Hair machine 314.Single or multiple transmission antennas 316 can be attached on shell 308, and are electrically coupled to transceiver 314.Wireless device 302 can also include the multiple emitters of (not shown), multiple receivers and multiple transceivers.

Wireless device 302 can also include signal detector 318, and the signal detector can be used for attempting to detect and quantify The level for the signal that transceiver 314 receives.The signal detector 318 can detect such as gross energy, every subcarrier per symbol The signal of energy, power spectral density and other signals.Wireless device 302 can also include at the data signal for process signal Manage device (DSP) 320.

Each component of wireless device 302 can be coupled together by bus system 322, should in addition to data/address bus Bus system can include power bus, control signal bus and status signal bus in addition.

Exemplary short control frame

(for example, IEEE 802.11ah systems) in some systems, short frame can be with frame control field (FCF) The protocol version field for being arranged to 1 medium access control (MAC) protocol Data Unit (MPDU).

Fig. 4 shows the exemplary short frame format 400 of some aspects according to present disclosure.As shown in Figure 4, short frame lattice Formula 400 can include frame control (FC) field 402, the byte of the first address field (A1) 404,2 of 2 bytes or 6 bytes of 2 bytes 6 byte the byte (for example, not including) of the second address field (A2) 406,0 or 2 bytes sequence control (SC) field 408,0 The fourth address field (A4) 412, variable length frame of the 3rd address (A3) field 410 of byte or 6 bytes, 0 byte or 6 bytes Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field 416 of the byte of body field 414 and 4.As shown in Figure 4, for short control frame, A1 fields 404 There may be with A2 fields 406, still, SC fields 408, A3 fields 410 and A4 fields 412 may be not present in short frame format In 400.

Fig. 5 shows the subfield of 16 bits (2 byte) fc field 402 of some aspects according to present disclosure.Such as Fig. 5 Shown in, fc field 402 can include 2 byte protocol version (PV) subfields 502 for being arranged to 1 for short control frame.FC Field 402 can also include 3 bit type subfields 504, the 3 bit PTID/ subtypes subfields 506,3 of instruction Control Cooling Bit bandwidth instruction subfield 508,1 bit dynamic instruction subfield 510, the next TWT information of 1 bit exist subfield 512, 1 bit more data subfield 514,1 bit stream Control Subfield 516, reserved bit 518.

Exemplary ultra low power paging frame

Ultra low power PHY realizes ultra low power superregenerative receiver (for example, being less than 200 μ A receptions from 3 volts of power supply consumption Machine), and therefore realize the multiple ultra low power use-cases being discussed more fully below.Extraly, ultra low power paging can be defined Frame (for example, the medium access control of IEEE 802.11 (MAC) frame) with each use-case in ultra low power use-case to be used together. The use-case can include main radio unit wake up, Wi-Fi direct find auxiliary, social Wi-Fi find auxiliary, association auxiliary and Clock resynchronisation.

According to some aspects, the receiver for ultra low power use-case described herein can not be single radio Unit, but can be used together with Wi-Fi radio units with radio unit.In an exemplary unrestricted reality Apply in mode, ultra low power can be in secondary 1GHz (S1G) frequency band (for example, institute in such as IEEE 802.11ah with radio unit Description) or 2.4GHz frequency bands in the operation (for example, as described in IEEE 802.11n).According to some aspects, for surpassing The PHY data rates of low-power paging can be 31.25kb/s.According to some aspects, the MAC defined is paged for ultra low power Frame can be based on the short control management frame with protocol version 1, such as shown in Figure 4 and 5 above.

According to some aspects, energy is reduced in each use-case in the use-case that ultra low power paging can be described herein Consume and increase battery life.

According to some aspects, paged for ultra low power, short control/management mac frame can be directed to and define new frame control (FC) field format.According to some aspects, the fc field for ultra low power frame can be in the subtype subfield in fc field When indicating ultra low power paging frame, including command subfield.According to some aspects, the value notice receiver of the command subfield is such as What parses the remainder of the frame.

Fig. 6 shows the short control of exemplary ultra low power for being used for ultra low power and paging of some aspects according to present disclosure Frame format 600 processed.According to some aspects, the frame also can be management frame.As shown in Figure 6, short control frame form 600 can wrap Include the frame control field 602 of 2 bytes.Receiver address field (A1) 604 and transmitter address field (A2) 606 are probably to be not required to Want, therefore, short control frame form 600 can include A1 the and A2 fields of 0,2 or 6 byte.Such as in exemplary short frame In format 4 00, short control frame form 600 can include 408,0 or 6 bytes of Sequence Control field of 0 or 2 byte A3 fields 410 and A4 fields 412, and the frame body field 414 of variable-length.Because it is control frame, therefore FCS fields 614 in the case of only 1 byte or 2 bytes, it may be possible to and sufficiently reliable (for example, because data are not sent), or Alternatively, FCS fields 614 can be 4 bytes.

Therefore, frame control field 602 and FCS fields 616 can always be included for ultra low power frame, fc field.But It can include not including each other fields either or different fields can be included in their position.

Fig. 7 shows to control (FC) according to the frame for ultra low power short control frame 600 of some aspects of present disclosure The form of field 602.As shown in Figure 7, fc field 602 can include be arranged to 1 protocol version subfield 502, be arranged to 2 with Indicate the Type subfield 504 of control and the subtype subfield 706 of instruction ultra low power paging.Fc field 602 can eliminate Other subfields that the fc field 402 shown in Fig. 5 includes.Extraly, fc field 602 can include command subfield 708 The reserved subfield 718 of up to four bits.Command subfield 708 may be used to provide extra signaling.For example, order sub- word It is main radio unit wake-up association, clock resynchronisation frame, Wi-Fi direct equipment discovery ancillary frame, society that section 708, which can send frame, Hand over Wi-Fi to find ancillary frame or associate the signal of ancillary frame.

In some embodiments, ultra low power short control frame can be used between station and other non-ap stations.In some realities Apply in mode, ultra low power short control frame can be used between station and AP.According to some aspects, STA and/or AP can perform energy Power is exchanged to determine whether STA and/or AP supports ultra low power to communicate.For example, whether the receiver is ultra low power receiver And whether the emitter is configured as sending ultra low power paging frame.

Main radio unit wakes up

, can be with equipped with the equipment of main radio unit and ultra low power receiver according to some aspects of present disclosure When using ultra low power receiver monitoring signal, main radio unit is placed in the first power rating (for example, low-power shape State or resting state).Ultra low power short control frame 600 can be in the network with such equipment with radio unit of deciding Wake-up association.That is, the other equipment in network can send ultra low power short control frame 600 to page or wake up first Equipment.In this case, the command subfield 708 of fc field 402 could be arranged to (for example, order=0) and indicate that the frame is Wake-up association.

According to some aspects of present disclosure, when AP and STA in network can will monitor ultra low power to STA is sought The periodic scheduling of frame is exhaled to reach an agreement.STA can deactivate ultra low power reception between the monitoring period of periodic scheduling Machine, for example, to save more multi-energy.In the exemplary embodiment, periodic scheduling can be led according to being used between AP and STA The communication of radio unit is configured.

Fig. 8 shows the exemplary ultra low power for being used for main radio unit and waking up of some aspects according to present disclosure Frame 800.As shown in Figure 8, ultra low power frame 800 can include fc field 602 and FCS fields 616.Extraly, ultra low power Frame 800 can include the TA fields 806 of the byte of RA fields 804 and 6 of 2 bytes.RA fields 804 can include and such as send equipment Intend to wake up to monitor the STA of Wi-Fi beacon one or more non-AP STA short identifier (SID).TA fields 806 can be with Address (for example, AP addresses or basic service set identifier (BSSID)) comprising emitter.When STA receives wake-up association, STA It can determine whether its SID matches the SID in RA fields 804, and whether TA addresses match AP BSSID or address.Then, STA can wake up its main Wi-Fi radio unit to monitor main Wi-Fi beacon.

Fig. 9 shows the exemplary ultra low power frame 900 waken up for main radio unit.In other exemplary embodiment party In formula, the ultra low power frame 800 waken up for main radio unit can omit TA fields 806.Substitute, transmitting can be used Machine address calculates FCS fields 616, and therefore can be by receiving STA using to confirm that the frame is from correct AP.This The size of the frame can be reduced 6 bytes.

Figure 10 shows the exemplary ultra low power frame 1000 waken up for main radio unit.In again other exemplary reality Apply in mode, STA can receive wake-up association from the miscellaneous equipment in addition to associated AP.As shown in Figure 10, TA fields 806 can To be substituted using internet identifier (NWID) field 1006.NWID can include such as SID, SSID, domain name or SID or SSID The NWID of hashed version.According to some aspects of present disclosure, the SID or SSID of hash can be dissipated using other information Arrange to avoid matching with public SSID (for example, " ownership place ").For example, SID can utilize wildcard (PSK) voucher or domain Name is hashed.According to some aspects, FCS fields 616 can calculate such as the use transmitter address in prior embodiments.

This can allow the mobile device (for example, smart phone) of dormancy to roam into the new region in the network, and with Waken up afterwards by the other AP in the network.If the message for mobile device, then this can also provide internet paging, move Dynamic equipment can in the network from anywhere in wake up and alarm.

Clock resynchronisation

Clock resynchronisation can allow non-AP STA to be resynchronized to AP clocks (for example, to monitor the Wi-Fi from AP Beacon).According to some aspects, ultra low power frame can be used for clock resynchronisation.Re-synchronization frame can periodically be sent With avoid allowing the clock in non-AP STA from the clock drift in AP too far.According to some aspects, re-synchronization frame can be Sent during the time window that can send wake-up association wherein of agreement, so non-AP will be in listening mode.

AP can detect other equipment (for example, by sensing carrier wave) using radio frequency.If AP is detected using radio frequency Miscellaneous equipment, AP can be from the transmission of the transmission time delay re-synchronization frame of scheduling.According to some sides of present disclosure Face, field can be included in frame compensates the delay (for example, with μ s measurements) to allow non-AP to receive STA.

Figure 11 shows the exemplary ultra low power frame for clock resynchronisation of some aspects according to present disclosure 1100.As shown in Figure 110 0, ultra low power frame 1100 can include fc field 602 and FCS fields 616.The life of fc field 602 It is clock resynchronisation frame to make subfield 708 could be arranged to (for example, order=1) instruction ultra low power frame 1100.Ultralow work( Rate frame 1100 can include RA fields 804 and TA fields 806.RA fields 804 can include the time window dispatched by AP in agreement The non-AP STA of wake-up or re-synchronization SID is monitored during mouthful.Extraly, ultra low power paging frame 1100 can also include TX Clock LSB field 1108, it includes the least significant bit (LSB) of AP clocks.When LSB correction AP/STA can be used by receiving STA Clock is offset.STA can update its local clock with AP clock resynchronisations.

Figure 12 shows the exemplary ultra low power frame for clock resynchronisation of some aspects according to present disclosure 1200.In other illustrative embodiments, the ultra low power frame 1200 for clock resynchronisation can omit TA fields 806.Substitute, FCS fields 616 can be calculated using transmitter address, and therefore FCS fields can be used by receiving device In confirm ultra low power frame be from correct AP.The size of frame can be reduced by six bytes by this.

In again other illustrative embodiments, STA can receive clock from the miscellaneous equipment in addition to associated AP Re-synchronization frame.Although for example, not shown in Figure 12, TA fields 806 can be utilized in exemplary ultra low power frame 1200 NWID fields substitute.

WI-FI is direct-connected to find auxiliary

According to some aspects, ultra low power frame can be used for Wi-Fi direct and find auxiliary.Wi-Fi direct can be by STA (for example, laptop computer, tablet personal computer, mobile phone etc.) is used for directly with other STA (for example, printer, automatic vending machine Etc.) communication.In Wi-Fi direct discovery, STA receivers can have high duty ratio (for example, close to 100%).Therefore, make The STA found with Wi-Fi direct can benefit from finding auxiliary using ultra low power.For example, this can realize it is battery-operated Wi-Fi direct ancillary equipment.

Figure 13 shows the exemplary ultralow work(for being used for Wi-Fi direct and finding auxiliary of some aspects according to present disclosure Rate frame 1300.As shown in Figure 13, exemplary ultra low power frame 1300 can include fc field 602 and FCS fields 616.FC words It is Wi-Fi direct hair that the command subfield 708 of section 602, which could be arranged to the frame of (for example, order=2) instruction ultra low power frame 1300, Existing ancillary frame.The frame of ultra low power frame 1300 can include the TA fields 806 for including the address for sending Wi-Fi direct STA.Such as Figure 13 Shown in, because frame will be used to find, therefore do not need RA fields.

According to some aspects, once STA has found other Wi-Fi direct equipment (for example, by receiving in TA fields 806 The ultra low power frame 1300 of middle identification equipment), then standard Wi-Fi direct agreement can take over.According to some aspects, 5GHz Wi- Skip to Fi device periodically the search on 2.4GHz.

Social WI-FI has found auxiliary

In social Wi-Fi, portable equipment (for example, STA) finds the portable equipment near other.Connecing in each STA Receipts machine can utilize high duty ratio (for example, 100%) to monitor the frame from other STA.According to some aspects, ultra low power frame energy It is enough in the energy expenditure reduced in the equipment for performing social Wi-Fi operations.

Ultra low power receiver can utilize high duty ratio (for example, 100%) to run, and it is auxiliary to monitor ultra low power discovery Frame is helped, while allows main radio unit that its most of the time is used in low-power or park mode.For finding auxiliary Ultra low power frame can have neighbouring social Wi-Fi groups to STA instructions are received and can be provided to the STA on for finding The ultra low power frame of auxiliary and main radio unit find the information of the time migration between window.

Figure 14 shows the exemplary ultralow work(for being used for social Wi-Fi and finding auxiliary of some aspects according to present disclosure Rate frame 1400.As shown in Figure 14, the exemplary ultra low power frame 1400 for finding auxiliary for social Wi-Fi can include FC words 602 and FCS of section fields 616.It is exemplary that the command subfield 708 of fc field 602 could be arranged to (for example, order=3) instruction Ultra low power frame 1400 is that social Wi-Fi has found ancillary frame.Extraly, the exemplary ultralow of auxiliary is found for social Wi-Fi Power frame 1400 includes findings that window time field 1404 and Service ID field 1406.It was found that window time field 1404 indicates directly To the time (for example, being measured with TU) of next discovery window.Service ID field 1406 indicates social Wi-Fi services ID.Such as figure Shown in 14, not including RA fields and TA fields.According to some aspects, when STA receives ultra low power frame 1400, STA can To notify main radio unit and provide to the main radio unit to find window time and service ID.

According to some aspects, transmitter address can be used for filtering out when based on the instruction for carrying out autonomous radio unit come Notify main radio unit.In social Wi-Fi context, TA can be 2 bytes (for example, eliminating 3 public bytes WFA OUI and 1 byte social Wi-Fi identifiers).

Association auxiliary

According to some aspects of present disclosure, ultra low power frame can be used in association auxiliary.For example, AP can be ultralow Its SSID is broadcasted in power frame.

Figure 15 shows the exemplary ultra low power frame 1500 for being used to associate auxiliary of some aspects according to present disclosure. Exemplary ultra low power frame 1500 can include fc field 602 and FCS fields 616.The command subfield 708 of fc field 602 can It is association ancillary frame to be arranged to the exemplary ultra low power frame 1500 of (for example, order=4) instruction.Extraly, it is exemplary ultralow Power frame 1500 can include compression ssid field 1504 and frequency band supports bitmap field 1506.Compressing ssid field 1504 can be with 4 bytes hash comprising network SSID.The frequency band supports bitmap field 1506 to indicate which frequency band AP supports.In Figure 15 It is shown, it may not be necessary to A1 and A2 fields.

According to some aspects, when STA receives ultra low power frame 1500, STA can check with observe SSID (for example, Compress in ssid field 1504) whether matched to any SSID in " related ssid list ".According to some aspects, STA can be with (for example, storing in memory) AP interested (for example, family, work etc.) SSID list is safeguarded, this is interested AP generally include the AP previously encountered the or AP frequently used.According to some aspects, if in ultra low power frame 1500 SSID matches with the SSID in list, then STA can notify main radio unit and be transmitted to association auxiliary information main wireless Electric unit.According to some aspects, then, main radio unit can using low duty ratio drive sweep with save energy simultaneously after It is continuous to find the AP with low delay interested.

Figure 16 shows the exemplary operation 1600 for radio communication of some aspects according to present disclosure.Operation 1600 can be with, such as is performed by UE (for example, UE 120).At 1602, operation 1600 can be by the first radio unit When (for example, main radio unit) is in the first power rating (for example, low power state or resting state), via the second nothing Line electric unit (for example, adjoint radio unit for ultra low power paging) is from other device receiving frames (for example, ultra low power Short MAC paging frames) start.

At 1604, UE can be based on (for example, fc field in) in the MAC header of frame includes in frame command field come Take one or more actions.According to some aspects, fc field can have the subfield of the value for the type for being set to indicate that frame (for example, subtype subfield).UE can be only when value instruction type be paging frame (for example, the short mac frame of ultra low power), parsing Command field.According to some aspects, frame can also have shorter than the FCS fields (for example, 2 bytes) of other types of mac frame FCS fields.According to some aspects, frame can lack TA fields, and UE can calculate local FCS based on the TA of virtual frames Value, and by local FCS values compared with the value of the FCS fields received in frame.

According to some aspects, one or more action can include making the first radio unit exit the first power rating (for example, wake-up).According to some aspects, the first radio unit can provide configuration to the second radio unit, and UE can To monitor frame based on configuration.Frame can include RA fields, and UE can be only in the SID associated with UE and the value of RA fields During matching, one or more actions are taken.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, one or more action can include adjustment UE local clock.For example, UE Local clock can be adjusted based on the clock value (for example, TX clock LSB) of the field in frame.In the exemplary embodiment, Frame can receive from AP, and clock value can be the LSB of the value of the clock associated with AP.

According to some aspects, command field can indicate that other devices being capable of Wi-Fi direct.In this case, one Or multiple actions can include the first radio unit is exited the first power rating, so as to UE can via Wi-Fi direct with Other device communications.For example, the second radio unit can notify that the other devices of the first radio unit being capable of Wi-Fi direct.

According to some aspects, command field can indicate that other devices are associated with social groups.In this case, one Or multiple actions can include the first radio unit is exited the first power rating, so as to UE can monitor by social groups into The discovery frame that member sends.In the exemplary embodiment, frame can include time migration of the instruction relative to the transmission time of frame Field (such as discovery time window field), the field correspond to be used for UE monitor by social groups member send discovery frame Next discovery window.Frame can also include the field (for example, Service ID field) for indicating the service ID of other devices.UE can To determine whether the service ID of other devices matches with the service ID in service ID lists, and the first radio is made based on determination Unit exits the first power rating.

According to some aspects, frame can include the field with association auxiliary information.In this case, it is one or more Action can include making the first radio unit exit low power state to attempt using association auxiliary information and other device phases Association.For example, association auxiliary information can include the SSID of other devices, and UE only can be located in UE in the SSID of instruction When locating in the related ssid list of storage (for example, based on previous association), it is associated with other devices.Associate auxiliary information One or more frequency bands that other devices are supported can also be included, and UE can determine that UE is supported in one or more frequency bands At least one frequency band, and the first radio unit is exited the first power rating (for example, wake-up) based on determination.

According to some aspects, UE can determine that other devices send low-power frame and UE can be based on determining to monitor low work( Rate frame.For example, UE can exchange with other device executive capability supports low-power frame with determining device.One as capabilities exchange Part, UE can receive the instruction that other devices send low-power frame from other devices, and UE can provide UE and can receive The instruction of low-power frame.

Figure 17 shows the exemplary operation 1700 for radio communication of some aspects according to present disclosure.Operation 1700 can be with, such as is performed by device (for example, UE 120 or AP 110).At 1702, operation 1700 can be by determining it Whether its device (for example, UE) can be when the first radio unit be in the first power rating, via the second radio list First receiving frame starts.For example, device can be with as a part for capabilities exchange, from the other devices of other devices reception instruction The ability information of low-power paging frame can be received.

At 1704, based on determination, device can be generated including indicator to the one or more to be taken of other devices The frame (for example, the short MAC paging frames of ultra low power) of the command field (for example, in FC of MAC header) of action.According to some sides Face, the fc field of frame can have the subfield (for example, subtype subfield) of the value for the type for being set to indicate that frame.Frame can be with It is control frame or management frame.According to some aspects, frame can also have the FCS word shorter than the FCS fields of other types of mac frame Section (for example, 2 bytes).According to some aspects, frame can lack TA fields and RA fields.According to some aspects, frame can include It is arranged to the value (for example, SSID, SID, SID hashed version, SSID hashed version) of the identity device network to be associated with Internet identifier (NWID) field.

At 1706, device can send frame to other devices.According to some aspects, one or more action can include The first radio unit is set to exit the first power rating.According to some aspects, frame can include RA fields, and one or more Action can include determining that whether the SID associated with other devices matches with the value of RA fields, and one or more actions The local clock for adjusting other devices can be included.For example, the local clock of other devices can be based on the field in paging frame Clock value (for example, LSB of the value of the clock associated with device) adjust.

According to some aspects, command field being capable of Wi-Fi direct with instruction device.In this case, one or more Individual action can include making the first radio unit exit the first power rating, so as to which other devices can be via Wi-Fi direct Communicated with device.For example, device can notify that the other devices of the first radio unit being capable of Wi-Fi direct.

According to some aspects, command field can be associated with social groups with instruction device.In this case, one or more Individual action can include making the first radio unit exit the first power rating, so as to which other devices can be monitored by social groups The discovery frame that member sends.In the exemplary embodiment, it is inclined relative to the time of the transmission time of frame can to include instruction for frame The field (such as discovery time window field) of shifting, the field, which corresponds to, is used for the hair that device monitoring is sent by the member of social groups Next discovery window of existing frame.Frame can also include the field (for example, Service ID field) for indicating the service ID of other devices, And device can determine whether the service ID of other devices matches with the service ID in service ID lists, and made based on determination First radio unit exits the first power rating.

According to some aspects, paging frame can include the field with association auxiliary information.In this case, one or Multiple actions can include making the first radio unit exit low power state to attempt with device to enter using association auxiliary information Row association.For example, association auxiliary information can include the SSID of device, and other devices only can be located in the SSID of instruction When in the related ssid list stored at other devices (for example, based on previous association), it is associated with device.Associate auxiliary Supplementary information can also include one or more frequency bands that device is supported.

Light weight frame authentication code

According to some aspects of present disclosure, ultra low power frame can include the light weight frame authentication code for authentication frame (FAC).For example, AP (for example, the wake-up association shown in Fig. 8-10) can include FAC in wake-up association, and receive STA can be with Before STA main radio unit is waken up, the frame that is received using FAC certifications.In the second example, AP can be in clock weight New synchronization frame (for example, the clock resynchronisation frame shown in Figure 11-12) includes FAC, and receive STA can be when in use Before the clock of temporal information re-synchronization STA in clock re-synchronization frame, the frame that is received using FAC certifications.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, malice or failure the network equipment continuously can send wake-up association to STA.Call out The reception of awake frame can make it that receiving STA makes STA main receiver exit low power state (for example, resting state).Wake-up association Reception STA can be caused main receiver is exited low power state, even if to be received without wireless signal by main receiver.Cross May consume extra power in the STA of frequent or long time activation main receiver, may exhaust STA battery and/or Make STA loss functions.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field of frame is (for example, the FCS words shown in Fig. 8-12 616) section can be substituted by frame authentication code (FAC) field, to allow receiving device certification message.In traditional wireless communication agreement In (for example, Wi-Fi), it is desirable to send random number or sequence number in each frame to prevent the playback to wireless communication system from attacking Hit.In the frame that attacker's playback (that is, sending copy) is previously sent, receiver determines random number or sequence number in playback frame Field is incorrect (for example, being used in the frame of previous receipt) and ignores playback frame.

Figure 18 shows the exemplary behaviour of the radio communication for being used to be performed by device of some aspects according to present disclosure Make 1800.Operation 1800 can be with, such as is performed by STA or UE (for example, the UE 120 shown in Fig. 1 and 2).At 1802, behaviour The first power rating can be in (for example, low by device in the first radio unit (for example, main radio unit) by making 1800 Power rating or resting state) in when, via the second radio unit (for example, for ultra low power paging adjoint radio Unit) since being come other device receiving frames (for example, the short MAC paging frames of ultra low power).

At 1804, device whether can be matched based on the authentication code that frame includes with local authentication code take one or Multiple actions.For example, UE can determine the FAC extracted from the ultra low power wake-up frame received and the local calculated by UE FAC is matched, and then activates (for example, " wake-up ") UE main radio unit.In this example, if UE has determined extraction FAC and local FAC is mismatched, then UE can abandon the ultra low power wake-up frame of reception.

According to some aspects, the fc field (for example, the fc field 602 shown in Fig. 8-12) of frame, which can have, to be arranged to refer to Show the subfield (for example, subtype subfield) of the value of the type of frame.Reception device (for example, STA or UE) only can refer in value When to show type be paging frame (for example, the short mac frame of ultra low power), resolve command field.According to some aspects, frame can lack TA Field (for example, the TA fields 806 shown in Fig. 8 and 11), and reception device can be based on the TA received in earlier communication Calculate local authentication code (for example, local FAC), and by local authentication code and the authentication code (for example, FAC) that receives in frame Value be compared.

According to some aspects, one or more action can include making the first radio unit exit the first power rating (for example, wake-up).According to some aspects, the first radio unit can provide configuration to the second radio unit, and UE can To monitor frame based on configuration.Frame can include RA fields, and UE can be only in the SID associated with UE and the value of RA fields Timing, take one or more actions.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, the FAC fields that ultra low power frame includes may rely on (for example, based on dynamic The function of state key determines) dynamic key.It can be allowed compared in other types of wireless security protocol using dynamic key The key used, reduces the size of frame, and the frame sign reduced can reduce for generate and the energy of receiving frame (for example, The energy content of battery).

According to the aspect of present disclosure, the key k for generating FAC can be dynamic, such as key can be each Updated when STA successfully wakes up.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, the key k for generating FAC can be selected to be small to be made with reducing receiver The size of algorithm.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, FAC can be precalculated in main radio unit (for example, receiving Or before sending the frame for including FAC), change because FAC is not directed to the period.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, FAC may rely on the transmitter address (TA) of emitter.TA fields (for example, The TA fields 806 shown in Fig. 8 and Figure 11) in the frame including FAC fields it is probably not require, because FAC depends on TA, And the local FAC for mismatching receiver will be had (for example, for example main by the frame with incorrect TA that emitter is sent Precalculated in radio unit by receiver) FAC, and frame will therefore will not be received by receiver.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, the RA used by website while ultra low power frame is received can be interim And earlier communication ession for telecommunication between the transmitter and receiver is reached an agreement on (for example, by STA and AP).It is to face to allow RA When and reset RA after each communication session, the privacy of the communication in wireless network can be improved.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, FAC can precalculate and be sent to second device in a device, and It is not that second device calculates FAC.That is, AP can determine, when AP next time wakes up STA, to be used as in ultra low power frame FAC value (for example, password or magic number), and value can be sent to STA by AP in the present communications session with STA.AP With both STA all storage values (that is, password or magic number), and STA main radio unit is placed in low power state by STA.

Alternatively, STA can determine the value (example that when AP next time wakes up STA, be used as the FAC in ultra low power frame Such as, password or magic number), and value can be sent to AP by STA in the present communications session with AP.Both AP and STA are deposited Stored Value (that is, password or magic number), and STA main radio unit is placed in low power state by STA.

Then, STA is monitored ultra low power frame and ignored using auxiliary radio unit does not include storage in FAC fields Any ultra low power frame of value.When AP needs to communicate with STA, AP is sent in the ultralow work(that FAC fields include the value of storage Rate frame.When STA receives the ultra low power frame in FAC fields with value, STA takes main radio unit out of low power state And establish communication session with AP.During communication session, AP determines new value (for example, new password or magic number) and in communication meeting Talk about and new value is sent to STA before terminating, and main radio unit is placed in low power state by STA.

Figure 19 shown according to the aspect of present disclosure, can be put into practice wherein for using including frame authentication code (FAC) example communication system 1900 of the technology of the ultra low power wake-up frame of field.Example communication system includes AP 1902, it can be the AP 110 shown in Fig. 1.System also includes STA 1910, and it such as can show with reference to figure 1-2 User terminal 120a, 120c, 120m and 120x user terminal.Although example system only shows single STA, the disclosure Content is not limited only to this, and the STA of other quantity can also be included in this system.

AP 1902 includes main radio unit 1904 and ultra low power frame emitter 1906, but in certain embodiments, The function of main radio unit and ultra low power frame emitter is performed by single radio unit.AP can also include other Component (see Fig. 2).Similar, STA 1910 includes main radio unit 1912 and ultra low power receiver 1914, and can be with Including other components (see Fig. 2).

It is related to the exemplary operation of ultra low power wake-up frame referring now to Figure 19 descriptions.

STA 1910 can enter at 1950 via their own main radio unit 1912 and 1904 and AP 1902 Row association.Association can be via Wi-Fi signalings, although other wireless communication technologys can be used.AP and STA agreement Transient Keys (TK) to ensure the communication security of the association as a part for association process.AP notify STA AP to STA send wake-up association and , be by transmitter address (TA) that AP is used during other communications.AP and STA can also exchange on will by STA be used for monitor Lai From the information of the periodic scheduling of AP wake-up association.STA can be assigned to periodic scheduling by AP.Additionally or alternatively, STA can ask the periodic scheduling that AP can agree to, or AP to suggest other scheduling.

After the communication during first associates is completed, STA can enter park mode or low-power mode.In low-power When in pattern, STA can deactivate STA main radio unit, and periodically deactivate and reactivate the ultralow of STA Power. recei ver.STA with according to communicating of being exchanged during the first association 1950 with AP the periodic scheduling that determines, periodically Reactivate ultra low power receiver.

AP determine to be communicated with STA when (for example, AP has data to be sent to STA), AP based on previously exchanged on The information of scheduling, to determine that STA will activate the time next time of STA ultra low power receiver.AP generations include frame control (FC) wake-up association of field including STA RA receiver address (RA) field and frame authentication code (FAC) field.According to week At the time that the scheduling of phase property determines, AP sends wake-up association at 1960 to STA.

FAC can be counted by AP based on TK, AP of previous session (for example, being associated with the first of STA) TA and STA RA Calculate.FAC calculating exports key k with the TK used at 1962 since previous session.Can be by TK from TK export k It is upper to be performed using strong hashing algorithm (for example, SHA256, SHA3), although any in multiple arithmetic functions well known in the art Function may be used to export k from TK.

Then, key k be used as lightweight encryption algorithm 1964 in key, the lightweight encryption algorithm 1964 be used for encrypt TA and RA.Output using k encryptions TA and RA is FAC 1966.When in send wake-up association orthochronous when, AP send include FC, The wake-up association of RA and FAC fields, as described above.

As described above, STA 1910 and AP 1902 is associated, and obtain TK, TA and periodic scheduling.Then, STA Main radio unit 1912 and ultra low power receiver 1914 can be deactivated.TK is received (for example, being closed with AP in STA During connection) after, STA can be at 1970, from TK export light weight keys k.STA exports function to export such as AP using identical The k used at 1962, and therefore k and the k as derived from AP are completely the same as derived from STA.Then, key k is used as by STA The key in lightweight encryption algorithm 1972 for encrypting TA and RA.Lightweight encryption algorithm 1972 and the lightweight encryption used by AP Algorithm 1964 is completely the same.Output using the TA and RA of k encryptions is local FAC 1974.It is close due to being used by AP and STA Key k, RA, TA and lightweight encryption algorithm are completely the same, therefore the FAC that the local FAC 1974 calculated by STA and AP is calculated 1966 is completely the same.

STA activates ultra low power receiver according to periodic scheduling.When ultra low power receiver is activation, STA can To receive one or more frames.The each frame received for STA, STA determine whether fc field indicates that frame is wake-up association and frame RA fields whether match STA RA.If fc field instruction frame is wake-up association and RA is matched, STA extracts FAC simultaneously from frame And by the FAC of reception value 1980 compared with the local FAC 1974 that STA is calculated.If the FAC received value and sheet Ground FAC is matched, then STA obeys any order of the fc field instruction of frame, such as STA can be activated or " wake-up " STA main nothing Line electric unit simultaneously is attempted to communicate with AP via main radio unit.If the FAC received value mismatches with local FAC, STA Using frame as invalid discarding.For example, frame may be sent via rogue device, but because rogue device does not have TK, then dislike Meaning equipment includes the FAC of " mistake " in frame, and STA determines to ignore frame.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, opponent only has the limited time to attempt " brute-force cracks " two effective wake-up associations Between k/FAC technologies provide security.For success, attacker may need to guess FAC or equivalent k, and in STA quilts During a period in the period of scheduling activation ultra low power receiver, frame is sent using the FAC of conjecture.In addition, attacker FAC must be guessed before AP wakes up STA, because STA and AP determines new TK when STA wakes up, and it is thus determined that new k And FAC.Further, it is also possible to replay attack is prevented, because k changes afterwards in each successfully wake up.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, event and subsequent use that the sizes of FAC fields can be waken up based on receiver The ratio of average time between cycle period of the activation receiver to monitor wake-up signal determines.If for example, receive Machine monitors a wake-up signal (for example, to allow low communication to be delayed), and receiver averagely per hour (that is, 3600 per 500ms Second) wake up once, then ratio is 3600/0.5.In this example, attacker will averagely have 7200 chances in STA wake-ups and AP Communicate, determine new k and local FAC, and before attacker may be required to start again at conjecture processing, guess FAC.According to The aspect of present disclosure, FAC should have the chance number at least making attacker guess before restarting to be changed into two times Search space.In this example, search space should be at least 14400 (two times of 7200) individual possible FAC values, and FAC The size of field could be arranged to two bytes, it is allowed to 65536 possibilities.

Figure 20 shows the example communication system 2000 according to the aspect of present disclosure, in the example communication system In 2000, it can put into practice for the technology using the ultra low power wake-up frame for including frame authentication code (FAC) field.Exemplary logical In letter system 2000, AP provides the value (for example, password or magic number) that be used as FAC to STA.AP and STA by FAC store for Send and receive ultra low power wake-up frame.In addition, communication system 2000 in a manner of similar to communication system 1900 using similar Equipment, and the description of communication system 2000 will focus on in the difference of communication system 1900.

The difference in operation between communication system 2000 and communication system 1900 is described referring now to Figure 20.

AP can be at 2064, using any algorithm in a variety of known algorithms, to determine ultra low power frame to be used for Value (for example, password or magic number) in FAC fields.For example, value can as in Figure 19, by AP be based on previous session (for example, with STA the first association) TK, AP TA and STA RA calculate.Unlike Figure 19, association phases of the AP at 2050 Between to STA send FAC values.

In Figure 19, in wake-up association of the AP generations for STA, wake-up association includes fc field, RA fields and FAC words Section.FAC is the identical FAC that AP had previously been sent to STA during association 2050.In the time determined according to periodic scheduling, AP sends wake-up association at 2060 to STA.

STA2010 is associated at 2050 with AP 2002, and via transmission from AP during association receive TA, Periodic scheduling and FAC.After STA receives FAC, STA stores FAC at 2070.The FAC of storage is used as local FAC by STA 2074。

As shown in Figure 19, if STA receives the wake-up association for STA, then STA extracts FAC from frame and will received FAC value 2080 compared with local FAC 2074.If the FAC received value matches with local FAC, STA will be called out Frame wake up as effectively treating, otherwise STA is treated using wake-up association as invalid and abandoned it.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, malice or failure the network equipment can be to STA tranmitting data register re-synchronizations Frame.The reception of clock resynchronisation frame can make reception STA that the time of STA clock and malice or failure equipment is same Step, the time of the malice or failure equipment are different from service STA AP time.If STA clock is synchronized to by STA Different from service STA AP time, then STA can service STA AP in different time set (for example, in same period Property scheduling on, but in different time) to STA send signal when, (for example, in periodic scheduling) at a time set Activate one or more receivers.For example, STA can activate receiver to monitor the wake-up association from service AP in scheduling. In this example, due to the clock resynchronisation frame from malice AP, STA may become asynchronous with AP.In this example, STA will not activate receiver when AP sends wake-up association, so that STA misses the data transfer from AP.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, AP can include frame authentication code (FAC) to ensure in clock resynchronisation frame The safety of clock resynchronisation frame.The STA for receiving clock resynchronisation frame can be that STA clock is synchronized into clock be again same Before time value in step-frame, using including FAC certification clock resynchronisation frames be from correct AP.

Figure 21 shows the exemplary operation 2100 for radio communication of some aspects according to present disclosure.Operation 2100 can be with, such as is performed by device (for example, UE 120 or AP 110).At 2102, operation 2100 can be by following interior Appearance starts：Based on the ability information of the other devices obtained via the communication with other devices, other devices (for example, UE) are determined Whether can be when the first radio unit be in the first power rating, via the second radio unit receiving frame.For example, device Can be so that the part as capabilities exchange receives the ability for indicating that other devices can receive low-power paging frame from other devices Information.

At 2104, based on determination, device can generate the frame of the authentication code (for example, FAC) including authentication frame to be used for (for example, the short MAC paging frames of ultra low power).According to some aspects, the fc field of frame (such as the fc field shown in Fig. 8-12 602) there can be the subfield (for example, subtype subfield) of the value for the type for being set to indicate that frame.Frame can be control frame Or management frame.According to some aspects, frame can include be arranged to the identity device network to be associated with value (for example, SSID, SID, SID hashed version, SSID hashed version) internet identifier (NWID) field.

At 2106, device can send frame to other devices.According to some aspects, frame can include RA fields (for example, The RA fields 804 shown in Fig. 8-12), and other devices can before any action is taken, it is determined that with other device phases Whether the SID of association matches with the value of RA fields.For example, if the RA in frame matched with the SID of other devices, other device Local clock can be adjusted based on the clock value (for example, LSB of the value of the clock associated with device) of the field in frame.

Figure 22 shows the example communication system 2200 according to the aspect of present disclosure, in the example communication system In 2200, it can put into practice for the technology using the ultra low power clock resynchronisation frame for including frame authentication code (FAC).Communication system System includes AP 2202, and it can be the AP 110 shown in Fig. 1.System also includes STA 2210, and it can be that such as Fig. 1 shows The user terminal 120m and 120x that are shown in the user terminal 120a and 120c and Fig. 2 that go out user terminal.It is although exemplary System only shows single STA, but present disclosure not limited to this, and the STA of other quantity can also be included in it is such In system.

AP 2202 includes main radio unit 2204 and ultra low power frame emitter 2206, although in certain embodiments, The function of main radio unit and ultra low power frame emitter is performed by single radio unit.AP also includes other components (see Fig. 2).Similar, STA 2210 includes main radio unit 2212 and ultra low power receiver 2214, and other components (see such as Fig. 2).

The exemplary behaviour for being carried out certification ultra low power clock resynchronisation frame using FAC is described referring now to Figure 22 Make.

STA 2210 can be carried out at 2250 via their own main radio unit 2212 and 2204 and AP 2202 Association.Association can be via Wi-Fi signalings, although other wireless communication technologys can be used.AP and STA agreement Transient Keys (TK) to ensure the communication security of the association as a part for association process.AP notify STA AP to STA tranmitting data registers again , be by transmitter address (TA) that AP is used when synchronization frame and other communications.AP and STA can also be exchanged on to be used by STA In the information for monitoring the wake-up association from AP, clock resynchronisation frame and the periodic scheduling of other communications.AP can refer to STA Task periodic scheduling.Alternatively or additionally, STA can ask the periodic scheduling that AP can agree to, or AP to build Discuss other scheduling.AP and STA initializes or reset sequence number N also during association.For example, AP with STA is each to associate Sequence number N is arranged to null value by period.

After the communication during first associates is completed, STA can enter park mode or low-power mode.In low-power When in pattern, STA can deactivate STA main radio unit, and periodically deactivate and reactivate the ultralow of STA Power. recei ver.STA with according to communicating of being exchanged during the first association 2250 with AP the periodic scheduling that determines, periodically Reactivate ultra low power receiver.

When AP determines the clock by STA clock resynchronisation to AP (for example, AP has determined that STA clock can Threshold amount can be shifted from nearest re-synchronization, or go over predetermined time period from nearest re-synchronization), AP is based on the information on periodic scheduling previously exchanged, it is determined that STA will activate STA ultra low power receiver next time Time.Then, AP generations include the clock resynchronisation frame of the following：Frame controls the reception that (FC) field includes STA RA Machine address (RA) field including will by STA for re-synchronization STA clock time value time value (TV) field including Sequence number N sequence-number field and frame authentication code (FAC) field.At the time determined according to periodic scheduling, AP is 2260 Place is to STA tranmitting data register re-synchronization frames.

FAC can by AP be based on previous session (for example, being associated with the first of STA) TK, AP TA, TV, sequence number N and STA RA is calculated.FAC calculating is at 2262, the TK export keys k used since previous session.Can from TK export k With by being performed on TK using strong hashing algorithm (for example, SHA256, SHA3), although multiple letters that count well known in the art Any function in number can be used for exporting k from TK.

Then, key k is used as being used to encrypt the key in RA, TA, TV and N lightweight encryption algorithm 2264.Encrypted using k RA, TA, TV and N output be FAC 2266.When in send wake-up association orthochronous when, AP send include FC, RA, The clock resynchronisation frame of TV, N and FAC field, as described above.

As described above, STA 2210 and AP 2202 is associated, and obtain TK, TA and periodic scheduling.In addition, STA Initialization or replacement sequence number N during being associated with AP.Then, STA can deactivate main radio unit 2212 and surpass Low power receiver 2214.After STA receives TK (for example, during being associated with AP), STA is exported at 2270 from TK Light weight key k.STA exports function to export the k used such as AP at 2262, and the therefore k as derived from STA using identical With AP derived from k it is completely the same.

STA activates ultra low power receiver according to periodic scheduling.When ultra low power receiver is activation, STA can To receive one or more frames.The each frame received for STA, STA determine whether the RA fields of frame match STA RA and FC Whether field indicates that frame is clock resynchronisation frame.If fc field instruction frame is clock resynchronisation frame and RA is matched, STA extracts FAC, TV and N from frame.Then, key k is used as the key in lightweight encryption algorithm 2272 by STA, and the lightweight encryption is calculated Method 2272 is used to encrypt RA, TA, TV and N.The lightweight encryption algorithm 2264 that lightweight encryption algorithm 2272 and AP is used is completely the same. Output using RA, TA, TV and N of k encryptions is local FAC 2274.Key k, RA, TA, TV, the N used due to AP and STA It is completely the same with lightweight encryption algorithm, therefore the FAC 2266 that the local FAC 2274 and AP calculated by STA is calculated is complete Unanimously.If the value 2280 in the FAC fields received matches with local FAC, STA uses time value (TV) re-synchronization of frame STA clock.If local FAC mismatches the FAC received, STA is determined using frame as invalid discarding.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, FAC is due to for calculating FAC TV but dynamic, and therefore FAC can not Precalculate.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, sequence number N can be used for protecting communication system not by replay attack.Attacked in playback Hit, rogue device can record and playback clock re-synchronization frame, to attempt to cause STA according to the clock from playback again The old TV of synchronization frame carrys out synchronous STA clock.Sequence number N can be used to determine that the clock resynchronisation frame of reception to be by STA It is no to be effective or whether include old TV.Sequence number N can be during STA to AP every secondary association (for example, being called out each During waking up) initialization (for example, being arranged to 0).Clock resynchronisation frame, receiver is successfully decoded in each receiver (for example, STA) The N of storage value can be set based on the N received in clock resynchronisation frame value.N can by emitter (for example, AP) it is incremented by each emitter tranmitting data register re-synchronization frame.Therefore, include being not equal to or more than expection if STA is received Sequence number (for example, than STA storage N big one) of value sequence number N clock resynchronisation frame, then STA can be by clock weight New synchronization frame is as invalid discarding.If before clock resynchronisation frame is successfully decoded, STA can not decode one or more Clock resynchronisation frame, the then sequence number in the clock resynchronisation frame being successfully decoded will exceed expected sequence number, and STA can determine using the time value in clock resynchronisation frame.

Sequence number N is determined for clock resynchronisation frame or time value having in clock resynchronisation frame or time value Position in ordered sets.Therefore, although example system is in sequence number increments and become over time described in big term, But present disclosure is not limited to that, and other sequence number technologies from high initial value (for example, successively decrease, by not being one Value start to be incremented by) be also included within that scope of the present disclosure interior.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, opponent only has the limited time and cracks two efficient clocks again to attempt brute-force The security that k/FAC between synchronization frame is provided safely.For success, attacker may need to guess FAC or equivalent k, and During a period in the period of the scheduled activation ultra low power receivers of STA, frame is sent using the FAC of conjecture.In addition, Attacker must be in AP to FAC is guessed before STA tranmitting data register re-synchronization frames, because STA and AP receives clock again in STA During synchronization frame, it is determined that new N, and it is thus determined that new FAC.

As described above, because sequence number changes after clock resynchronisation frame is successfully decoded every time, can also hinder Only replay attack.According to the aspect of present disclosure, the size of sequence-number field can the clock based on re-synchronization receiver Event and average time for how long waking up between the cycle that receiver once resets sequence number determine.If for example, connect Receipts machine daily wake up once, and the clock of receiver should re-synchronization per minute once, then counter must be supported at least 1440 value (that is, the number of minutes in one day).In one example, the use of two bytes is more sufficient for sequence number.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, allow most in the sequence-number field of clock resynchronisation if sequence number reaches The threshold amount (for example, due to long period between receiver wake-up) being worth greatly, then it is new to generate can to send wake-up association by AP TK simultaneously resets the sequence number for impacted STA.

According to some aspects, the time value of clock resynchronisation frame can include the LSB of the value of the clock associated with AP.

Figure 23 shows the example communication system 2300 according to the aspect of present disclosure, in the example communication system In 2300, it can put into practice for the technology using the ultra low power clock resynchronisation frame for including frame authentication code (FAC).Communicating In system 2300, AP is provided will be by the ordered list of values (for example, password or magic number) of the STA as FAC.AP and STA is by FAC's Ordered list is stored for sending and receiving ultra low power clock resynchronisation frame.In addition, communication system 2300 is similar to communication System 2200, and the description of communication system 2300 will focus on in the difference of communication system 2200.

The difference in operation between communication system 2200 and communication system 2300 is described referring now to Figure 23.

AP can determine the ordered list of FAC to be used as value using any algorithm in multiple known algorithms 2364 2366.For example, value can be calculated by AP based on the following：TK, AP of previous session (for example, being associated with the first of STA) TA, STA RA and the sequence number that is each worth.Unlike Figure 22, during AP is associated at 2350, by FAC's Ordered list is sent to STA 2310.The ordered list of AP also storage values is for use as in ultra low power clock resynchronisation frame FAC simultaneously resets and (that is, initialized) sequence number N.

In Figure 22, when AP generates clock resynchronisation frame, frame includes fc field, RA fields, TV fields, sequence number N Field and FAC fields.Value in ordered lists 2366 of the AP by selecting FAC values determines FAC, the ordered list of the FAC values Value in 2366 corresponds to the sequence number N of the clock resynchronisation frame of AP generations.

STA 2310 is associated at 2350 with AP 2302, and receives TA, week via the transmission from AP during association Phase property is dispatched and the ordered list of FAC values.In addition, the ordered list of the FAC values of reception is stored as storing list 2370 simultaneously by STA Reset and (that is, initialize) the sequence number N of storage value.Then, STA can deactivate main radio unit 2312 and ultra low power Receiver 2314.

In Figure 22, if STA receives the clock resynchronisation frame for STA, STA from frame abstraction sequence N and FAC.If the sequence number N received is not equal to or the value of N more than storage, STA abandon clock resynchronisation frame.If receive Sequence number N equal or exceed storage N value, then STA the FAC 2380 in the FAC fields of reception and local FAC will be come from Ordered list 2370, compare corresponding to the sequence number N of reception local FAC 2374.If the FAC 2380 and phase that receive The local FAC 2374 answered is matched, then STA is using clock resynchronisation frame as effectively treating, and otherwise STA is again same by clock Step-frame is treated as invalid.If clock resynchronisation frame is effective, sequence number Ns of the STA based on reception value is set The sequence number N of storage value and re-synchronization STA clock.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, communication can be protected using the ordered list 2370 of the FAC corresponding to sequence number N System is not by replay attack.Sequence number N and FAC combination can be to have by the STA clock resynchronisation frames for being used to determine to receive Effect or invalid (for example, including old TV).New FAC ordered list 2370 can be by STA in each of STA to AP (for example, during each wake up) storage during association.When each receiver (for example, STA) is synchronized to clock resynchronisation frame, Receiver sets the sequence number N of storage value based on the N received in clock resynchronisation frame value.Emitter (for example, AP) can be in each emitter tranmitting data register re-synchronization frame, the FAC from the selection of ordered list 2366 corresponding to sequence number N. Therefore, if STA is received and included being not equal to or the clock resynchronisation frame of sequence number N more than desired value, STA can by when Clock re-synchronization frame is as invalid discarding.If STA before clock resynchronisation frame is successfully decoded, can not decode one or Multiple clock resynchronisation frames, then the sequence number N in the clock resynchronisation frame being successfully decoded will equal or exceed expected Value, and STA can determine FAC in clock resynchronisation frame with correspond to the FAC of the sequence number received whether match with Determine whether to use the time value in clock resynchronisation frame.

According in terms of present disclosure, opponent only have the limited time attempt brute-force crack two of STA to AP it is effective The security provided safely by FAC between association.For success, attacker may need conjecture to correspond to having from FAC The FAC of the sequence number of sequence table, and phase period in the period of the scheduled activation ultra low power receivers of STA Between, send frame using sequence number and the FAC of conjecture.In addition, attacker must send newly during associations of the AP in STA to AP Before FAC ordered list, FAC is guessed.

According to the aspect of present disclosure, if sequence number N equals or exceeds threshold number (for example, because receiver is called out Long period between awake example), then AP can send wake-up association to generate the ordered list of new FAC values and will be new Ordered list is sent to impacted STA.

As used in this article, term " it is determined that " include wide variety of action.For example, " it is determined that " can include adjust, Calculate, processing, export, investigation, inquiry (for example, being inquired about in table, in database or in other data structure), confirm etc. Deng.In addition, " it is determined that " can include receiving (for example, receive information), access (for example, accessing the data in memory) etc.. In addition, " it is determined that " can include solving, selecting, selecting, establishing etc..

As used in this article, the phrase on " at least one " in bulleted list refers to any group of these projects Close, including single member.For example, " at least one in a, b or c " is intended to include a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c and a-b-c.

The methods disclosed herein includes being used for one or more steps or the action for completing described method.Method walks Rapid and/or action can be replaced mutually without departing from the scope of the claims.In other words, except non-designated specific Step or the order of action, the otherwise order of particular step and/or action and/or using the model of claim can not departed from Changed in the case of enclosing.

The various operations of the above method can be performed by any appropriate unit for being able to carry out corresponding function.These units Various hardware and/or component software and/or module can be included, including but not limited to：Circuit, application specific integrated circuit Or processor (ASIC).In general, depositing at operation shown in the figure, those operations can be with corresponding with phase Like the matching function modular assembly of reference.For example, the operation 1600 being shown respectively in Figure 16,17,18 and 21,1700, 1800 and 2100, corresponding to unit 1600A, 1700A, 1800A and the 2100A being shown respectively in Figure 16 A, 17A, 18A and 21A.

For example, the unit for transmission can include the UE120 shown in Fig. 2 emitter (for example, transceiver 254) And/or antenna 252 or AP 110 emitter (for example, transceiver 222) and/or antenna 224.Unit for reception can wrap Include the UE 120 shown in Fig. 2 receiver (for example, transceiver 254) and/or antenna 252 or AP 110 receiver (for example, Transceiver 222) and/or antenna 224.Unit for processing, the unit for determination, the unit for generation, for calculating Unit, the unit for taking action and/or the unit for acquisition can include processing system, its can include Fig. 2 in The UE 120 or AP 110 one or more processors shown.

Using being designed to perform the general processor of function described herein, digital signal processor (DSP), special integrated Circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other PLDs (PLD), discrete gate or transistor are patrolled Volume, discrete hardware components or its any combination, it is possible to achieve or perform combine present disclosure description it is various exemplary Logical block, module and circuit.General processor can be microprocessor, but in alternative solution, processor can be appointed What commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine.Processor is also implemented as the group of computing device Close, for example, the combination of DSP and microprocessor, the combination of multi-microprocessor, one or more microprocessors and DSP core, or Any other such configuration of person.

It can be embodied directly in hardware, be embodied in by handling with reference to the step of method or algorithm that present disclosure describes In the software module that device performs or it is embodied in combination.Software module may reside within any form well known in the art Storage medium in.Some examples for the storage medium that can be used include random access memory (RAM), read-only storage (ROM), flash memory, eprom memory, eeprom memory, register, hard disk, mobile hard disk, CD-ROM etc..Software module Single instruction or many instructions can be included, and can be distributed in multiple different code sections, be distributed between distinct program It is distributed with across multiple storage mediums.Storage medium may be coupled to processor so that processor can be read from storage medium Information and the processor that information is write to storage medium.In alternative solution, storage medium can be integral to the processor.

Described function can be realized in hardware, software, firmware or any combination of them.If realize in hardware In, exemplary hardware arrangement can include the processing system in radio node.The processing system can utilize bus architecture to realize. According to the concrete application and overall design constraints of processing system, bus can include the bus and bridge of any number of interconnection Connect.Various circuits including processor, machine readable media and EBI can be linked together by bus.EBI can For among other functions, network adapter being connected into processing system via bus.Network adapter can be used for Realize the signal processing function of PHY layer.In the case of user terminal 120 (see Fig. 1), user interface is (for example, keyboard, display Device, mouse, joystick etc.) bus can also be connected to.Bus can also link such as timing source, peripheral hardware, voltage-stablizer, power tube The various other circuits of circuit etc. are managed, these circuits are all it is known in the art that therefore will no longer do any further describe.

Processor can be responsible for bus and general processing, include the execution of the software stored on machine readable media. Processor can be realized using one or more general and/or application specific processors.Example include microprocessor, microcontroller, DSP Processor and the other circuits for being able to carry out software.No matter software, firmware, middleware, microcode, Hardware description language are referred to as Speech or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted to mean instruction, data or any combination of them.Machine readable media It can include, for example, RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read-only storage), PROM (may be programmed read-only deposit Reservoir), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory), register, Disk, CD, hard drive or any other appropriate storage medium, or any combination of them.Machine readable media can To be embodied in computer program product.Computer program product can include packaging material.

In hardware realization, machine readable media can be independently of a part for the processing system of processor.But such as Those skilled in the art will be easily it is contemplated that machine readable media or its any part can be outside processing systems.Lift For example, machine readable media can include transmission line, the carrier waveform by data modulation and/or the meter independently of radio node Calculation machine product, it is all to be accessed by processor by EBI.Alternatively or additionally, machine readable media or its Any part is desirably integrated into processor, such as such case can utilize caching and/or general-purpose register file.

Processing system can be configured with the one or more microprocessors for providing processor function and provide machine The generic processing system of at least one of external memory storage of computer-readable recording medium, it is all to pass through external bus framework and other Circuit is held to be linked together.Alternatively, processing system can utilize the following to realize：With processor, EBI, user Interface (in the case of access terminal), at least a portion for supporting circuit and the machine readable media being integrated into one single chip ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), or one or more FPGA (field programmable gate array), (FPGA is set PLD It is standby), controller, state machine, gate logic, discrete hardware components or any other appropriate circuit, or be able to carry out throughout this Any combinations of the circuit of the various functions of disclosure description.It would be recognized by those skilled in the art that how to be best implemented with For the function of processing system description, depending on application-specific and the overall design constraints being applied in whole system.

Machine readable media can include multiple software modules.Software module includes instruction, when being executed by a processor, this A little instructions cause processing system to perform various functions.These software modules can include transport module and receiving module.It is each soft Part module may reside within single storage device or is distributed across multiple storage devices.For example, when generation trigger event When, RAM can be loaded into from hard drive by software module.During software module is performed, processor can be by one in instruction A little instructions are loaded into caching to improve access speed.Then can by one or more cache lines be loaded into general-purpose register file in For by computing device.When mentioning the function of software module below, it should be appreciated that such function is being held by processor Realized during instruction of the row from the software module.

If realized in software, function can be used as one or more instructions or code to be stored in computer-readable medium It is transmitted above or on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable medium includes computer-readable storage medium and communication media two Person, the communication media include promoting computer program being transferred to other local any medium from a place.Storage is situated between Matter can be can be by any usable medium of computer access.It is unrestricted as example, such computer-readable medium RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage apparatus, or energy can be included It is enough in and carries in the form of instruction or data structure or store desired program code, and can be by any of computer access Other media.In addition, any connection can be properly called computer-readable medium.If for example, software be using coaxial cable, Optical fiber cable, twisted-pair feeder, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or such as infrared (IR), radio and microwave wireless technology from website, What server or other remote sources were sent, then coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted-pair feeder, DSL or such as infrared, radio and The wireless technology of microwave is included in the definition of medium.As used herein, disk and CD, including compact disk (CD), laser-optical disk, CD, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and, wherein, disk is generally magnetically Reproduce data, and CD then utilizes laser optics ground reproduce data.Therefore, in some respects, computer-readable medium can wrap Include non-transitory computer-readable medium (for example, tangible media).In addition, for the computer-readable medium of other side, can With including temporary computer-readable medium (for example, signal).Above-mentioned combination should also be as being included in computer-readable medium In the range of.

Therefore, some aspects can include being used for the computer program product for performing operation presented herein.For example, this The computer program product of sample can include the computer-readable medium for being stored thereon with (and/or coding has) instruction, and instruction can To be performed by one or more processors to perform operation described herein.For certain aspects, computer program product Packaging material can be included.

In addition, should be it is contemplated that if applicable, user terminal and/or base station can download and/or otherwise obtain For the module for performing methods and techniques described herein and/or other suitable units.For example, such equipment can couple To server, in order to transmit the unit for performing methods described herein.Alternatively, various methods as described herein can be through There is provided by memory cell (for example, RAM, ROM, compact disk (CD) or floppy disk physical storage medium etc.) so that When being coupled to equipment by memory cell or be supplied to equipment, user terminal and/or base station can obtain various methods.In addition, energy Approach described herein and technology are enough supplied to equipment using any other appropriate technology.

It should be appreciated that claim is not limited to above-mentioned accurate configuration and component.Can be to above-mentioned method and apparatus Arrangement, operation and details carry out various modifications, change and change, without departing from the scope of claim.

Claims

1. a kind of device for wireless communications, including：

At least one interface, it is configured as obtaining via at least one of the first radio unit or the second radio unit Frame, wherein, at least one interface is when first radio unit is in the first power rating, via described second Radio unit obtains the frame from other devices；And

Processing system, it is configured as：

Whether the authentication code included based on the frame is matched with local authentication code, takes one or more actions.

2. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the processing system is configured as exporting described from Transient Key (TK) Ground authentication code, the TK are determined from the earlier communication with other devices.

3. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the processing system is configured as from the emitters of other devices Location exports the local authentication code, and the transmitter address of other devices is determined from the earlier communication of other devices 's.

4. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein：

The frame includes receiver address；And

The processing system is configured as：If the receiver address instruction described device is not the intended recipient of the frame First radio unit, then be maintained in first power rating by side.

5. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, one or more of actions include moving back first radio unit Go out first power rating.

6. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least one interface is additionally configured to obtain from other devices The local authentication code.

7. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least one interface is additionally configured to obtain from other devices The list of local authentication code, the list include the local authentication code.

8. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, one or more of actions include：Based on the time value in the frame To set the clock of described device.

9. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein：

The frame includes sequence number；And

One or more of actions include：If the sequence number equals or exceeds threshold value, based in the frame when Between value the clock of described device is set.

10. device as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the processing system is configured as：By the sequence number and the thresholding Value is compared, and if the sequence number equals or exceeds the threshold value, then then based on sequence number adjustment institute State threshold value.

11. device as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the processing system is configured as：If one or more of actions First radio unit is exited first power rating, then reset the threshold value.

12. a kind of device for wireless communications, including：

Processing system, it is configured as：

Based on come the ability information of other devices obtained, determining that other devices are via the communication with other devices It is no can when the first radio unit is in the first power rating,

Via the second radio unit receiving frame；And

Based on the determination, generation includes being used for the frame of the authentication code of frame described in certification；And

At least one interface, it is configured as exporting the frame to be transmitted to other devices.

13. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the processing system is configured as：Institute is exported from Transient Key (TK) Authentication code is stated, the TK is determined from the earlier communication with other devices.

14. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the processing system is configured as the transmitter address from described device Export the authentication code.

15. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the processing system is additionally configured to connecing based on other devices Receipts machine address generates the frame.

16. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the processing system is additionally configured to：Passed to other devices After the defeated frame, communicated via first radio unit with other devices.

17. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the processing system is additionally configured to：Generation includes the authentication code Other frames, and at least one interface is additionally configured to：Other frames are exported with via the first radio list Member is transmitted to other devices.

18. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the processing system is additionally configured to：Generation includes authentication code list One or more of the other frame, the authentication code list includes the authentication code, and at least one interface is also configured For：One or more of other frames are exported to be transmitted via first radio unit to other devices.

19. device as claimed in claim 12, wherein, the frame includes the time value of described device.

20. device as claimed in claim 19, wherein：

The frame includes sequence number, wherein, the sequence number indicates position of the time value in time value set；And

The processing system is additionally configured to generate the sequence number based on the communication with other devices.

21. device as claimed in claim 20, wherein, the processing system is additionally configured to：If with other devices Nearest communication be via first radio unit, then initialize the sequence number.

22. a kind of device for wireless communications, including：

For when the first radio unit is in the first power rating, being received via the second radio unit from other devices The unit of frame；And

Whether matched for the authentication code that is included based on the frame with local authentication code, take one or more lists acted Member.

23. device as claimed in claim 22, in addition to：

For exporting the unit of the local authentication code from Transient Key (TK), the TK is from previous with other devices What communication determined.

24. device as claimed in claim 22, in addition to：

For exporting the unit of the local authentication code, the transmitting of other devices from the transmitter address of other devices Machine address is determined from the earlier communication with other devices.

25. device as claimed in claim 22, wherein：

The frame includes receiver address；And

One or more of actions include：If the receiver address instruction described device is not the intended recipient of the frame First radio unit, then be maintained in first power rating by side.

26. device as claimed in claim 22, wherein, one or more of actions include making first radio unit Exit first power rating.

27. device as claimed in claim 22, in addition to：

For obtaining the unit of the local authentication code from other devices.

28. device as claimed in claim 22, in addition to：

For obtaining the unit of local authentication code list from other devices, the list includes the local authentication code.

29. device as claimed in claim 22, wherein, one or more of actions are included based on the time value in the frame To set the clock of described device.

30. device as claimed in claim 29, wherein：

The frame includes sequence number；And

31. device as claimed in claim 30, wherein, one or more of actions include：By the sequence number with it is described Threshold value is compared, and if the sequence number equals or exceeds the threshold value, then then based on the sequence number come Adjust the threshold value.

32. device as claimed in claim 30, wherein, one or more of actions include：It is if one or more of Action makes first radio unit exit first power rating, then resets the threshold value.

33. a kind of device for wireless communications, including：

For based on come the ability information of other devices obtained, determining other dresses via the communication with other devices Whether put can be when the first radio unit be in the first power rating, via the list of the second radio unit receiving frame Member；And

For based on the determination, generation to include being used for the unit of the frame of the authentication code of frame described in certification；And

For sending the unit of the frame to other devices.

34. device as claimed in claim 33, in addition to：

For exporting the unit of the authentication code from Transient Key (TK), the TK is from the earlier communication with other devices Determine.

35. device as claimed in claim 33, in addition to：

For exporting the unit of the authentication code from the transmitter address of described device.

36. device as claimed in claim 33, wherein, the unit for being used to generate the frame is based on other devices Receiver address generates the frame.

37. device as claimed in claim 33, in addition to：

For the unit to be communicated via first radio unit with other devices.

38. device as claimed in claim 33, in addition to：

For generating the unit for the other frames for including the authentication code；And

For the unit of other frames to be sent to other devices via first radio unit.

39. device as claimed in claim 33, in addition to：

For generating the unit for the one or more of the other frame for including authentication code list, the authentication code list includes the certification Code；And

For the unit of other frames to be sent to other devices via first radio unit.

40. device as claimed in claim 33, wherein, the frame includes the time value of described device.

41. device as claimed in claim 40, in addition to：

For indicating the sequence of position of the time value in time value set based on the communication with other devices, generation Number unit；And wherein：

The unit for being used to generate the frame includes the sequence number in the frame.

42. device as claimed in claim 41, wherein, if being via described first with the nearest communication of other devices Radio unit, then the unit for being used to generate the sequence number initializes the sequence number.

43. a kind of method for wireless communications, including：

When the first radio unit is in the first power rating, via the second radio unit from other device receiving frames； And

44. method as claimed in claim 43：Also include：

The local authentication code is exported from Transient Key (TK), the TK is determined from the earlier communication of other devices 's.

45. method as claimed in claim 43, in addition to：

Export the local authentication code from the transmitter address of other devices, the transmitter address of other devices be from Determined with the earlier communication of other devices.

46. method as claimed in claim 43, wherein：

The frame includes receiver address；And

47. method as claimed in claim 43, wherein, one or more of actions include making first radio unit Exit first power rating.

48. method as claimed in claim 43, in addition to：

The local authentication code is obtained from other devices.

49. method as claimed in claim 43, in addition to：

Being obtained from other devices includes the local authentication code list of the authentication code.

50. method as claimed in claim 43, wherein, one or more of actions are included based on the time value in the frame To set the clock of described device.

51. method as claimed in claim 50, wherein：

The frame includes sequence number；And

One or more of actions include：If the sequence number equals or exceeds threshold value, based on the institute in the frame Time value is stated to set the clock of described device.

52. method as claimed in claim 51, in addition to：

By the sequence number compared with the threshold value；And

If the sequence number equals or exceeds the threshold value, the threshold value is then adjusted based on the sequence number.

53. method as claimed in claim 51, wherein, one or more of actions include：It is if one or more of Action makes first radio unit exit first power rating, then resets the threshold value.

54. a kind of method for wireless communications, including：

Based on come the ability information of other devices obtained, determining that other devices are via the communication with other devices It is no can be when the first radio unit be in the first power rating, via the second radio unit receiving frame；

The frame is sent to other devices.

55. method as claimed in claim 54, in addition to：

The authentication code is exported from Transient Key (TK), the TK is determined from the earlier communication with other devices.

56. method as claimed in claim 54, in addition to：

The authentication code is exported from the transmitter address of described device.

57. method as claimed in claim 54, wherein, generating the frame includes the receiver address based on other devices To generate the frame.

58. method as claimed in claim 54, in addition to：

After the frame is sent to other devices, led to via first radio unit and other devices Letter.

59. method as claimed in claim 54, in addition to：

Generation includes other frames of the authentication code；And

Via first radio unit other frames are sent to other devices.

60. method as claimed in claim 54, in addition to：

Generation includes one or more of the other frame of authentication code list, and the authentication code list includes the authentication code；And

Via first radio unit other frames are sent to other devices.

61. method as claimed in claim 54, wherein, the frame includes the time value of described device.

62. method as claimed in claim 61, wherein：

Methods described also includes：

The sequence number is generated based on the communication with other devices.

63. method as claimed in claim 62, wherein, generating the sequence number includes：If with other devices most Nearly communication is via first radio unit, then initializes the sequence number.

64. a kind of computer program product for radio communication, the computer program product, which includes having, to be stored thereon Instruction computer-readable medium, it is described to instruct for carrying out following operate：

When the first radio unit is in the first power rating, via the second radio unit from device receiving frame；And

65. a kind of computer program product for radio communication, the computer program product, which includes having, to be stored thereon Instruction computer-readable medium, it is described to instruct for carrying out following operate：

Based on come the ability information of described device obtained, determining whether described device can be first via the communication with device When radio unit is in the first power rating, via the second radio unit receiving frame；

The frame is sent to described device.