CN1074280A - 空心铆钉 - Google Patents
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- CN1074280A CN1074280A CN92110658A CN92110658A CN1074280A CN 1074280 A CN1074280 A CN 1074280A CN 92110658 A CN92110658 A CN 92110658A CN 92110658 A CN92110658 A CN 92110658A CN 1074280 A CN1074280 A CN 1074280A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
- F16B19/10—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets fastened by expanding mechanically
- F16B19/1027—Multi-part rivets
- F16B19/1036—Blind rivets
- F16B19/1045—Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like
- F16B19/1072—Blind rivets fastened by a pull - mandrel or the like the pull-mandrel or the like comprising a thread and being rotated with respect to the rivet, thereby mechanically expanding and fastening the rivet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B3/00—Key-type connections; Keys
- F16B3/005—Key-type connections; Keys the key being formed by solidification of injected material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
- F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种空心铆钉,更具体地说用于飞机
制造业上,在支撑构件间形成铆接的空心铆钉。它具
有一个由一个加粗端和尾端组成的铆钉芯棒,该芯棒
在锥形段具有若干个环形凹槽且轴向***带有一个
扁头的铆钉套管中。所述的空心铆钉,具体地说是在
凹槽10中,带有胶合剂。所述的胶合剂在空心铆钉
安装好以后会在套管和芯棒之间的缝隙中永久硬
化。本发明的优点在于,该由两部分组成的空心铆钉
的强度与实心铆钉的强度相当,因而能满足高强度的
要求。
Description
本发明涉及一种空心铆钉,特别是涉及飞机制造业上用的空心铆钉。
在飞机制造业中,对飞机上的构件之间的铆钉连接几乎都采用实心铆钉,这种实心铆钉带有一个轴杆和一个扁头,其镦头在装配时通过轴杆材料的塑性成形而构成的。所述铆钉镦头可以通过例如锤打或挤压来形成。上述类型的实心铆钉一般由铝合金、钛合金或镍铜塑性合金组成。安装这种铆钉需要对扁头和镦头侧进行加工作业。以这种方式建立的铆钉连接是相当昂贵的。在自动生产过程中对于安装实心铆钉的需求,由于比较复杂的操作作业,至今只是满足于简单的结构构件之间的铆接。与实心铆钉的安装情况相反,通过自动铆钉机安装空心铆钉不会产生任何问题,因为在结构件的背面对空心铆钉的所有操作过程均被取消。空心铆钉的轴杆是空心的,即由一个套管所组成。在所述的套管上设有铆钉扁头,其中在套管的通孔内的带有加粗端的拉拔芯棒是这样安置的,即加粗端位于铆钉镦头侧,且为了便于安装工具作业,芯棒有一足够长的端部从铆钉扁头中伸出。这种空心铆钉可以用自动铆钉机安装,通过铆钉机按程序把铆钉***上述的铆钉孔中,直至铆钉扁头与构件材料相碰,然后从铆钉套管中拉拔芯棒来完成。在上述过程中,芯棒加粗端从构件背面伸出的套管区段内挤入进去并使套管扩大,这样就形成了铆钉镦头。当芯棒内的拉应力达到一定值时,芯棒在一个预定的位置脱落,这样铆钉连接就建立起来了。在另一种实施形式中,空心铆钉在一个附加的工艺过程中与芯棒的伸出部分分开。
现有的空心铆钉(例如标准型号ABS0219)的铆接由于缺乏足够的疲劳强度而只用于不重要的场合,因为还做不到在套管和芯棒之间有一个确定的载荷分布。在一个尚不属于现有技术的空心铆钉中采用了锥状芯棒,其中所选的圆锥度很小,安装好的铆钉芯棒仅通过楔子效应来确保固定的。具有这种构造的空心铆钉最初尽管在套管和芯棒有确定的载荷分布,但在持久负荷作用下铆钉芯棒易松开。通用的空心铆钉芯棒一般由例如钢或适用的镍合金组成,它们由于重量的原因而限制了其适用范围。因此人们希望用铝或钛来制作铆钉芯棒,但实践表明,这些材料在套管和芯棒之间的拉拔过程会出现的高摩擦力而易造成冷焊,因而不能建立质量稳定的铆接。为了提高空心铆钉的强度,人们采用了各种技术解决方案。其中之一就是采用特殊类型的空心铆钉,例如标准型号NAS1921,但它们费用昂贵,因而由于加工费用而使它们的应用只限于特殊场合。
因此本发明的目的在于生产一种上述类型的空心铆钉,这种铆钉尽管结构简单但在铆钉芯棒和套管之间具有确定的载荷分布,且所述的芯棒在持久负荷下具有足够好的固定配合,特别是考虑了用铝或钛基合金这类轻金属作为铆钉芯棒的材料。
上述目的通过下述类的空心铆钉来完成,即在空心铆钉头敷有胶合剂,该胶合剂当铆钉安装后在套管和芯棒之间所形成的缝隙中永久硬化。
本发明的一个特殊优点在于,该由二部分组成的空心铆钉的强度特性与实心铆钉相同,因此也满足高的强度要求。本发明的空心铆钉的另一个优点是,在芯棒拉拔时由于胶合剂的作用而不会产生冷焊,所述的胶合剂还起防腐作用。
下面参考附图,对本发明作更详细的描述。
图1示出了一个把两个构件连接在一起的空心铆钉;
图2为图1所示细部Ⅱ的局部放大图;
图3示出了图1所示的空心铆钉的芯棒被拉紧的状态;
图4示出了图2所示的空心铆钉的镦头形成的状态;
图5示出了图3所示的空心铆钉的最终状态;及
图6示出了空心铆钉的另一结构布置。
图1所示的空心铆钉1具有一个芯棒2。芯棒2带有一个锥形段3、一个加粗端4及一个尾端5。所说芯棒2装在套管6中,该套管6带有一个作埋头作用的铆钉扁头7。通过空心铆钉1将两部件9和10连接起来。接纳铆钉的孔的直径位于一个预定的公差范围。锥形段3上做有许多环形凹槽10。铆钉套管6的内表面是光滑的。从套管6上伸出的芯棒2的镦头侧部分敷有绝气的胶合剂,这样相应的凹槽10被填满。所说的胶合剂包含在微胶囊中,而微胶囊本身又被合适的粘结材料所包入。一种合适的胶合剂的商标为“Loctite Driloc”。图中所示的空心铆钉的布置中已涂有胶合剂。为安装空心铆钉,采用了一安装工具(图中未示),它给尾端5施加一个轴向拉力,其中该工具支撑在铆钉扁头7上以获得一个反向力。
图2示出了图1中的细部Ⅱ,包括芯棒锥形段3,套管6和待铆接的部件8。其中套管6和芯棒2之间的缝隙用11来表示。胶合剂13被敷设在芯棒2镦头侧的自由端。该镦头侧自由端的长度可以这样确定,即拉拔芯棒2时胶合剂就到达铆钉扁头7。
操作安装工具,将达到如图3所示的铆钉芯棒的位置。在该位置加粗端4正好触及套管伸出部分的边缘。在继续拉拔过程中,该加粗端4被拉入套管6中,由此形成了所述的铆钉镦头。在图中向右收敛的外形轮廓线a和a1表示出一锥形。在拉拔过程中,芯棒2受来自套管6的较大的径向压力,这样使凹槽10之间的材料被塑性压扁,导致芯棒被充分的平整或称磨光,从而破坏了所述的微胶囊,使流体胶合剂13被释放出来并遍布缝隙11。在拉拔芯棒2中,遍布缝隙11的绝气胶合剂13还起润滑剂作用,这样套管6和芯棒2均可避免由冷焊造成的损坏,从而本发明使用象铝或钛轻质材料制造芯棒成为可能,这些轻质材料至今为止被认为是易于造成冷焊而不适合作芯棒材料的。
图4示出了拉拔过程结束时铆钉芯棒的位置。在该位置,加粗端4正好抵达由部件8的材料紧紧围住的套管6这一部分。这时拉力突然上升,拉拔过程结束。在所述的芯棒位置形成如图示开关的铆钉镦头12。在整个拉拔过程中,由于芯棒呈锥形而使套管不断延展,这样在预先确定的孔的公差范围的共同作用下,当拉拔过程结束时,孔边内产生了预定的圆周应力,该圆周应力对空心铆钉的精确配合起了决定性作用。尽管由于胶合剂13的作用而使套管和芯棒之间的摩擦力减小,但芯棒由于其几何结构即楔子效应,在拉拔结束时被可靠地固定住。
图5示出了具有镦头12的空心铆钉1处于完成铆接的状态,其中尾端5通过一个特别的操作工序被去掉。胶合剂的永久硬化起始于其在缝隙11内的分布,在常温下约过24小时后完全硬化。通过本发明所用的胶合剂,使铆钉芯棒获得一个附加的永久防松开的保证,因此用上述的方式制成的空心铆钉在强度特性方面尽可能地相应于实心铆钉。
图6示出了空心铆钉处于铆接完成状态的另外一种形式,其中铆钉镦头14是通过镦压套管伸出部分而成,它通过以下的结构达到,即铆钉轴杆16的加粗端15具有一个台肩17。通过它在拉拔过程中给套管一个镦压力,从而形成***部18,它事实上构成了铆钉镦头。
根据本发明的另一个实施形式,芯棒上事先不带有胶合剂,只是以后用手或分配器给芯棒敷上胶合剂。还可以这样,即套管的内表面至少涂有一层带胶合剂的涂层。
除了上述的胶合剂,所有合适的胶合材料都可采用,特别是反应型胶合剂列为考虑之列。这里优先使用微胶囊形式,通过将微胶囊包入在具有反应能力的树脂中且微胶囊含有硬化剂的方式就成,所述的硬化剂一旦在安装过程微胶囊破坏就会立即进行硬化反应。
还有一种可能的实施形式是,微胶囊外包有具有凝固反应的中性粘结材料,该胶囊含有具有反应能力的树脂部分和硬化剂部分。
Claims (4)
1、一种空心铆钉,特别是用于飞机制造业,用来形成支撑构件间的铆接,具有一个由一个加粗端和尾端组成的铆钉芯棒,所述的芯棒在锥形段具有若干环形凹槽,且轴向被***带有一个扁头的铆钉套管中,其特征在于:所述的空心铆钉,具体地说是在凹槽(10)中,带有胶合剂,所述的胶合剂在空心铆钉安装好以后会在套管(6)和芯棒(2)之间的缝隙中永久硬化。
2、根据权利要求1所说的空心铆钉,其特征在于:所说的胶合剂敷设在芯棒(2)从套管(6)伸出的镦头侧这一部分上。
3、根据权利要求1或2所说的空心铆钉,其特征在于:所述的胶合剂被包在微胶囊中,所述的微胶囊在芯棒(2)的拉拔过程中被破坏。
4、根据权利要求1至3所说的空心铆钉,其特征在于:所述微胶囊外包有中性的粘结材料且含有树脂部分和硬化剂部分。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4131030A DE4131030C2 (de) | 1991-09-18 | 1991-09-18 | Blindniet |
DEP4131030.6 | 1991-09-18 |
Publications (1)
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CN1074280A true CN1074280A (zh) | 1993-07-14 |
Family
ID=6440884
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CN92110658A Pending CN1074280A (zh) | 1991-09-18 | 1992-09-15 | 空心铆钉 |
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US (1) | US5375953A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0532850B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH05280517A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR930006340A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1074280A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR246792A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2078531C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE4131030C2 (zh) |
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US5482348A (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1996-01-09 | Ford Motor Company | Vehicle hood support post member |
DE10107952C1 (de) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-04-04 | Airbus Gmbh | Schliessringbolzen zur Herstellung einer mechanisch festen und mit einer Dichtmasse abgedichteten Verbindung von zwei oder mehreren Bauteilen |
DE10156843B4 (de) * | 2001-11-20 | 2005-04-21 | Mbe Moderne Befestigungselemente Gmbh | Befestigungssystem für Fassadenplatten |
GB2383107B (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2004-10-27 | Emhart Llc | Improved blind rivet |
JP2004147865A (ja) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-27 | Moriso:Kk | 弾球遊技機の遊技釘 |
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CN1296631C (zh) * | 2004-06-22 | 2007-01-24 | 南京工业大学 | 冷成型钢构件插座式连接节点的制作方法 |
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US9109618B2 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2015-08-18 | Newfrey Llc | Blind rivet with a plastic rivet body |
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FR3100850B1 (fr) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-09-24 | Lisi Aerospace | Fixation aveugle avec freinage chimique et procédé d’installation associé |
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-
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- 1992-07-08 EP EP92111599A patent/EP0532850B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-24 AR AR92322822A patent/AR246792A1/es active
- 1992-08-05 KR KR1019920014044A patent/KR930006340A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-09-15 CN CN92110658A patent/CN1074280A/zh active Pending
- 1992-09-16 JP JP4246605A patent/JPH05280517A/ja active Pending
- 1992-09-17 CA CA002078531A patent/CA2078531C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1993
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CN100445578C (zh) * | 2003-11-28 | 2008-12-24 | 株式会社理光 | 固紧结构、固紧方法和固紧件 |
CN100356237C (zh) * | 2004-01-20 | 2007-12-19 | 联华电子股份有限公司 | 面板固定框架 |
CN102397976A (zh) * | 2011-11-03 | 2012-04-04 | 宝鸡市星联钛金属有限公司 | 钛合金紧固件冷镦成型工艺 |
US9482264B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2016-11-01 | Witte Automotive Gmbh | Tolerance compensation apparatus |
CN103994131A (zh) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-20 | 维特汽车有限责任公司 | 公差补偿设备 |
US10473142B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2019-11-12 | Witte Automotive Gmbh | Tolerance compensation apparatus |
CN103994131B (zh) * | 2013-02-18 | 2017-05-24 | 维特汽车有限责任公司 | 公差补偿设备 |
CN104797359A (zh) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-07-22 | 格司帕空心铆钉技术有限责任公司 | 空心铆钉装置 |
CN103410253A (zh) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-11-27 | 浙江斯泰信息科技有限公司 | 一种防位移盲铆栓及连接结构 |
CN103410253B (zh) * | 2013-08-01 | 2016-06-29 | 浙江斯泰信息科技有限公司 | 一种防位移盲铆栓及连接结构 |
CN104863947A (zh) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-26 | 格司帕空心铆钉技术有限责任公司 | 空心铆钉紧固件 |
CN108119474A (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳欣荣机械厂 | 一种胀套式铆钉 |
CN108429225A (zh) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-08-21 | 苏州思在科技有限公司 | 具有防护功能的线缆接头保护套管 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2078531A1 (en) | 1993-03-19 |
DE4131030C2 (de) | 1995-05-24 |
EP0532850B1 (de) | 1996-04-03 |
CA2078531C (en) | 1996-01-09 |
JPH05280517A (ja) | 1993-10-26 |
EP0532850A1 (de) | 1993-03-24 |
AR246792A1 (es) | 1994-09-30 |
DE4131030A1 (de) | 1993-04-01 |
KR930006340A (ko) | 1993-04-21 |
US5375953A (en) | 1994-12-27 |
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