CN107422625B - Method for making computer-made color rainbow hologram - Google Patents

Method for making computer-made color rainbow hologram Download PDF

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CN107422625B
CN107422625B CN201710518163.2A CN201710518163A CN107422625B CN 107422625 B CN107422625 B CN 107422625B CN 201710518163 A CN201710518163 A CN 201710518163A CN 107422625 B CN107422625 B CN 107422625B
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hologram
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甘亮勤
曾胜财
周承仙
杨上供
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Xiamen University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • G03H1/268Holographic stereogram
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/26Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
    • G03H1/268Holographic stereogram
    • G03H2001/2685One step recording process

Abstract

The invention provides a method for manufacturing a computer-made colorful rainbow hologram, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information comprises space coordinates (x) of each object point on the objecto,yo,zo) And color information (r)o,go,bo) (ii) a S2, decomposing the object into three primary color objects of red, green and blue according to the three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information of the object points of the three primary color objects is (x)or,yor,zor,ro),(xog,yog,zog,go) And (x)ob,yob,zob,bo) Spatial coordinates (x) of a three-primary-color objector,yor,zor),(xog,yog,zog)(xob,yob,zob) The basic object image relation of the hologram is calculated and determined; s3, calculating object light wave distribution of object points of the three-primary-color object on the holographic recording surface, and introducing reference light to interfere with the object light of the three-primary-color object to obtain a hologram; and S4, introducing the reconstruction light to irradiate the hologram for diffraction to form a colorful object reconstruction image. The method only needs to shoot a pair of rainbow hologram containing three primary color equivalent object light waves, and under the reproduction of white light, the three primary color images can be overlapped in space, thereby realizing the color effect. The color object reappearance image manufactured by the manufacturing method has the advantages of convenience and simplicity in manufacturing, uniform light intensity distribution and high image definition.

Description

Method for making computer-made color rainbow hologram
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for making a computer-made colorful rainbow hologram.
Background
Holographic techniques are widely used for three-dimensional displays because they can simultaneously reproduce the phase and amplitude of an object. With the development of computer technology and display output devices, the research of computer-based holography technology on three-dimensional display has made great progress.
However, the current computer-based color rainbow hologram needs to shoot three pairs of color separation rainbow holograms, and then synthesize color images from the reconstructed images of the color separation holograms. In the method, the workload of shooting the three-color separation hologram is large, the three-color separation images are difficult to accurately coincide, the requirement on an optical path is high, the manufacturing process is complex, and the color effect is poor due to the influence of factors such as difficult alignment of the optical path, large laser speckles, uneven light intensity distribution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a computer-made color rainbow hologram, aiming at solving the problems that the three-color-separation image is difficult to accurately coincide and the image has much noise when the color image is synthesized by the reconstructed image of a color separation hologram.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a method of making a computer-made color rainbow hologram, the method comprising:
s1, acquiring three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information comprises space coordinates (x) of each object point on the objecto,yo,zo) And color information (r)o,go,bo);
S2, decomposing the object into red, green and blue three primary color objects according to the three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information of the object points of the three primary color objects is (x)or,yor,zor,ro),(xog,yog,zog,go) And (x)ob,yob,zob,bo);
S3, calculating object light wave distribution of object points of the three-primary-color object on the holographic recording surface, and introducing reference light to interfere with the object light of the three-primary-color object to obtain a hologram;
and S4, introducing the reconstruction light to irradiate the hologram for diffraction to form a colorful object reconstruction image.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after decomposing the object into three primary color objects of red, green and blue, the method further comprises determining coordinates of object points of the three primary color objects:
setting the recording wavelength of the hologram to be lambda and the recording wavelength of the hologram to be lambdargbThe reproduction of the conjugate light of (1) obtains a reproduced image in which there are three primary colors: red color separation hologram with red wavelength lambdarReproducing the resulting red color-separated image;green color separation hologram with green wavelength lambdagReproducing the resulting green color-separated image; blue color separation hologram with blue light wavelength lambdabReproducing the resulting blue color-separated image; the coordinates of the three primary images are expressed as:
Figure BDA0001337081740000021
adjusting three equivalent primary color object points to enable three primary color images of the corresponding hologram to be accurately superposed in space, even if the coordinates of the image points of the three primary color images meet the following conditions:
xr=xg=xb,yr=yg=yb,zr=zg=zb(2)
the reference light and the reproduced light are set to be the same plane light, and the included angle between the reference light, the reproduced light and the Z axis is set to be theta, so that the coordinates of the reference light and the reproduced light satisfy the following conditions:
zR=zC=∞,xR/zR=0,yR/zR=yC/zC=tanθ (3)
therefore, the coordinates of the object points of the three-primary-color object obtained by calculation according to the expressions (1), (2) and (3) are:
further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the object light wave distribution of the object points of the three-primary-color object on the holographic recording surface is calculated, and the reference light is introduced to interfere with the object light of the three-primary-color object to obtain the hologram, specifically including the following steps:
s31, setting parameters, simulating reference light waves and object light waves based on the holographic principle:
the transfer of an object point of an object to the holographic recording surface can be expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001337081740000033
h(x0,y0) Is the depth data of the object, z is when h (x)0,y0) The distance from the object to the holographic recording surface is 0;
the analog reference light wave can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001337081740000041
the light intensity distribution was calculated as:
Figure BDA0001337081740000042
and S32, introducing the reference light, interfering the object light wave and the reference light wave on the holographic recording surface, and recording the distribution of interference light intensity to form the hologram.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a line of holograms is calculated, and coordinates of the center point of the gap are set to (0,0, z)x) Thus:
the coordinates of the center point of the red slit image are: x is the number ofwr=(λ/λr)zxtanθ,ywr=0,zwr=(λ/λr)zx
The coordinates of the center point of the green slit image are as follows: x is the number ofwg=(λ/λg)zxtanθ,ywg=0,zwg=(λ/λg)zx
The coordinates of the center point of the blue slit image are as follows: x is the number ofwb=(λ/λb)zxtanθ,ywb=0,zwb=(λ/λb)zx
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention decomposes the object into three equivalent primary color objects, calculates the equivalent positions of the three primary color objects based on the accurate spatial coincidence of the three primary color images, introduces the reference light to obtain the hologram, and the white light irradiates the hologram to reproduce the color object image. The method only needs to shoot a pair of rainbow hologram containing three primary color equivalent object light waves, and under the reproduction of white light, the three primary color images can be overlapped in space, thereby realizing the color effect. The problems that three holograms need to be irradiated by reconstruction light in the existing reconstruction process, multiple holograms are easy to block, light is uneven, crosstalk and the like are caused are solved, and further more noise exists in the image, and the definition of the image is influenced. The color object reappeared image prepared by the method has the advantages of uniform light distribution and high image definition.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a display of a color hologram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for making a color rainbow hologram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a computer-implemented rainbow hologram principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of forming a color object image by overlapping three slit images according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hologram recording process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an original object according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing H in the original object shown in FIG. 61rA partial schematic view of;
fig. 8 is a color object reproduction image of the original object shown in fig. 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method of making a computer-made color rainbow hologram, the method comprising:
s1, acquiring three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information comprises space coordinates (x) of each object point on the objecto,yo,zo) And color information (r)o,go,bo);
S2, decomposing the object into red, green and blue three primary color objects according to the three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information of the object points of the three primary color objects is (x)or,yor,zor,ro),(xog,yog,zog,go) And (x)ob,yob,zob,bo);
S3, calculating object light wave distribution of object points of the three-primary-color object on the holographic recording surface, and introducing reference light to interfere with the object light of the three-primary-color object to obtain a hologram;
and S4, introducing the reconstruction light to irradiate the hologram for diffraction to form a colorful object reconstruction image.
Further, after decomposing the object into three primary color objects of red, green and blue, determining coordinates of object points of the three primary color objects:
setting the recording wavelength of the hologram to be lambda and the recording wavelength of the hologram to be lambdargbObtaining reproduction by conjugate light reproductionLike this. That is, the three-primary-color object records through light with single wavelength; when reproduction is effected by light of three primary wavelengths, e.g. white light
At a wavelength of λrgbThe holograms are respectively reproduced by primary light lambdargbAfter reproduction, 9 reproduced images will be obtained. There are three primary colors, which are: red color separation hologram with red wavelength lambdarReproducing the resulting red color-separated image; green color separation hologram with green wavelength lambdagReproducing the resulting green color-separated image; blue color separation hologram with blue light wavelength lambdabReproducing the resulting blue color-separated image; the coordinates of the three primary images are expressed as:
Figure BDA0001337081740000071
based on the three primary color images, the three primary color images can be accurately superposed in space, and the coordinates of image points of the three primary color images meet the following conditions:
xr=xg=xb,yr=yg=yb,zr=zg=zb(2)
the reference light and the reproduced light are set to be the same plane light, and the included angle between the reference light, the reproduced light and the Z axis is set to be theta, so that the coordinates of the reference light and the reproduced light satisfy the following conditions:
zR=zC=∞,xR/zR=0,yR/zR=yC/zC=tanθ (3)
referring to fig. 3, therefore, the coordinates of the object points of the three-primary-color object obtained by calculation according to equations (1), (2) and (3) are:
Figure BDA0001337081740000072
the specific concept is that the three-primary-color object images are precisely superposed when the color object image is reproduced, and the equivalent positions of the three-primary-color object are reversely deduced according to the set parameters such as the wavelength of the reference light, the wavelength of the reproduced light, the irradiation angles of the reference light and the reproduced light and the like. Therefore, after the three-primary-color objects are respectively arranged at the equal positions, the rainbow hologram is formed by introducing the reference light interference, and under the irradiation of the white light continuous spectrum, the three-primary-color images can be accurately superposed in space to form a reproduced image of the color object. So that the three primary color images can be obtained by only illuminating one hologram by the reconstruction light, and the three primary color images can be accurately superposed.
Further, referring to fig. 5, calculating object light wave distribution of object points of the three-primary-color object on the holographic recording surface, and introducing the reference light to interfere with the object light of the three-primary-color object to obtain a hologram, specifically includes the following steps:
s31, setting parameters, simulating reference light waves and object light waves based on the holographic principle:
the transfer of an object point of an object to the holographic recording surface can be expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
h(x0,y0) Is the depth data of the object, z is when h (x)0,y0) The distance from the object to the holographic recording surface is 0;
the analog reference light wave can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001337081740000083
the light intensity distribution was calculated as:
Figure BDA0001337081740000084
and S32, introducing the reference light, interfering the object light wave and the reference light wave on the holographic recording surface, and recording the distribution of interference light intensity to form the hologram.
After color information and space information of an object are obtained, parameters are reasonably set by using an encoding method, and a reference light wave and an object light wave are simulated based on the principle of computer holography. And calculates the light intensity distribution on the holographic recording surface.
Further, to meet the pixel spacing of the SLM, we have to control the parameters of the object and the hologram. As can be seen from equation (7), the minimum sampling interval of the hologram is:
wherein, h (x)0,y0)nearIs the height value of the object point closest to the hologram.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to reduce the amount of calculation of the hologram, information on only a part of the dots, lines, and slits in the hologram may be calculated, and information on the object image may be colored by the information on the dots, lines, and slits in the hologram. Preferably, a line of holograms of the holograms is calculated, the coordinates of the centre point of the nip being set to (0,0, z)x) Thus:
the coordinates of the center point of the red slit image are: x is the number ofwr=(λ/λr)zxtanθ,ywr=0,zwr=(λ/λr)zx
The coordinates of the center point of the green slit image are as follows: x is the number ofwg=(λ/λg)zxtanθ,ywg=0,zwg=(λ/λg)zx
The coordinates of the center point of the blue slit image are as follows: x is the number ofwb=(λ/λb)zxtanθ,ywb=0,zwb=(λ/λb)zx
The three slit images are overlapped in space, and three primary color images can be seen at the overlapped position of the slit images to form a color object image.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 6 to 8, an EXULUS-4K1/M is used to build a three-dimensional model of an object, the pixel interval of which is 3.74um, the three-dimensional model object is decomposed into three primary color objects, and the equivalent positions of the three primary color objects are calculated.
And (3) related parameters: the recording area was 15.6mm x 9.2 mm. If z is 400mm, h (x)0,y0)nearAnd (4) when the angle theta is equal to 40mm, the sampling interval of the hologram is 3.753 mu m, and the parameters of the SLM can be well met. Respectively calculate H1r,H1g,H1b。H1r,H1g,H1bSee table (1) for the calculated parameter settings.
TABLE 1, H1r,H1g,H1bIs calculated as a parameter
Figure BDA0001337081740000101
Referring to FIG. H1r,H1g,H1bAfter optical reproduction, the optical signal interferes with the reference light to record a color hologram H2
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method of making a computer-generated rainbow hologram, said method comprising:
s1, acquiring three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information comprises space coordinates (x) of each object point on the objecto,yo,zo) And color information (r)o,go,bo);
S2, decomposing the object into red, green and blue three primary color objects according to the three-dimensional information of the object, wherein the three-dimensional information of the object points of the three primary color objects is (x)or,yor,zor,ro),(xog,yog,zog,go) And (x)ob,yob,zob,bo) And determining coordinates of object points of the three primary color objects; wherein the content of the first and second substances,setting the recording wavelength of the hologram to be lambda and the recording wavelength of the hologram to be lambdargbThe reproduction of the conjugate light of (1) obtains a reproduced image in which there are three primary colors: red color separation hologram with red wavelength lambdarReproducing the resulting red color-separated image; green color separation hologram with green wavelength lambdagReproducing the resulting green color-separated image; blue color separation hologram with blue light wavelength lambdabReproducing the resulting blue color-separated image; the coordinates of the three primary images are expressed as:
Figure FDA0002264793370000011
adjusting three equivalent primary color object points to enable three primary color images of the corresponding hologram to be accurately superposed in space, even if the coordinates of the image points of the three primary color images meet the following conditions:
xr=xg=xb,yr=yg=yb,zr=zg=zb(2)
setting the reference light and the reproduced light to be the same plane light, wherein the included angle between the reference light, the reproduced light and the Z axis is theta, so that the coordinates of the reference light and the reproduced light satisfy the following conditions:
zR=zC=∞,xR/zR=0,yR/zR=yC/zC=tanθ (3)
therefore, the coordinates of the object points of the three-primary-color object, which can be calculated according to the equations (1), (2) and (3), should be:
Figure FDA0002264793370000021
s3, calculating object light wave distribution of object points of the three-primary-color object on the holographic recording surface, and introducing reference light to interfere with the object light of the three-primary-color object to obtain a hologram;
and S4, introducing the reconstruction light to irradiate the hologram for diffraction to form a colorful object reconstruction image.
2. The method for producing a computer-generated rainbow hologram according to claim 1, wherein the object light wave distribution of the object points of the three primary color object on the holographic recording surface is calculated, and the hologram is obtained by introducing the reference light to interfere with the object light of the three primary color object, comprising the steps of:
s31, setting parameters, simulating reference light waves and object light waves based on the holographic principle:
the transfer of an object point of an object to the holographic recording surface can be expressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002264793370000023
h(x0,y0) Is the depth data of the object, z is when h (x)0,y0) The distance from the object to the holographic recording surface is 0;
the analog reference light wave can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002264793370000031
the light intensity distribution was calculated as:
Figure FDA0002264793370000032
and S32, introducing the reference light, interfering the object light wave and the reference light wave on the holographic recording surface, and recording the distribution of interference light intensity to form the hologram.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein a line of holograms of the computer generated hologram is calculated by setting the coordinates of the center point of the nip to (0,0, z)x) Thus:
the coordinates of the center point of the red slit image are: x is the number ofwr=(λ/λr)zxtanθ,ywr=0,zwr=(λ/λr)zx
The coordinates of the center point of the green slit image are as follows: x is the number ofwg=(λ/λg)zxtanθ,ywg=0,zwg=(λ/λg)zx
The coordinates of the center point of the blue slit image are as follows: x is the number ofwb=(λ/λb)zxtanθ,ywb=0,zwb=(λ/λb)zx
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