CN107421577B - Test device for simulating comprehensive efficiency of biological detention pond under natural rainfall condition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a biological detention pond under natural rainfall conditions, which comprises a test bed and a test barrel placement area, wherein the test bed is of a double-layer bed surface structure and comprises a water seepage plate and a water collection plate, the water collection plate is arranged below the water seepage plate, a plurality of water seepage holes are further formed in the surface of the water seepage plate, an outer baffle plate is arranged on the periphery of the water seepage plate and matched with the outer baffle plate to form a confluence space, a movable separation assembly is arranged in the confluence space, the movable separation assembly separates the confluence space into a water collection area and a drainage area, a plurality of confluence drainage openings are formed in one side of the outer baffle plate corresponding to the water collection area, one side of the confluence drainage openings is provided with the test barrel placement area, and an artificial rainfall assembly is arranged above the test barrel placement area and the water seepage plate. The invention can be used for simulating the comprehensive efficiency of the biological detention pond under the natural rainfall condition, carrying out quantitative analysis, providing basis for the establishment of the sponge city construction scheme, and has the advantages of low preparation cost, convenient installation and disassembly, strong operability and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sponge city construction, in particular to a test device for simulating comprehensive efficiency of a biological detention pond under natural rainfall conditions.
Background
The sponge city is a brand new city construction concept, which combines natural approaches with artificial measures according to the principle of ecological priority, and builds a sponge city which is naturally accumulated, naturally permeated and naturally purified on the premise of ensuring the safety of urban drainage and waterlogging prevention, thereby maximally realizing the accumulation of rainwater in urban areas, promoting the utilization of rainwater resources and protecting ecological environment. The biological detention pond is a key technology for treating runoff rainwater and slowly draining off peak in sponge city construction. The research of the biological detention pond in China is carried out later, the research results outside the country are insufficient in adaptability, the cost is too high and the like, the relevant localization research of the biological detention pond is urgently needed, and the existing test device for the comprehensive efficiency research of the biological detention pond has a plurality of defects.
The existing buried type test device is characterized in that a biological retention test pool is arranged on a roadside green belt in a simulation site, and a water collecting area is divided by a separation strip on a road, because the area of the biological retention test pool and a matched water collecting area is large, the whole test area is difficult to cover by using an artificial rainfall device, the test can be performed only when natural rainfall occurs, the actual rainfall controllability is poor, the test precision is insufficient, and the test efficiency is low; the pool body is buried underground, the difficulty in observing the growth of plant root systems and sampling and analyzing the filling materials in the later stage is high, and meanwhile, once the ratio of the catchment area to the surface area of the detention pool is determined, the later stage is difficult to change, so that the flexibility is insufficient; moreover, the filling materials are extremely inconvenient to replace for the built buried biological retention test pool, and the difficulty of developing a control test is high.
The existing ground test device is characterized in that a biological detention test barrel is arranged on the ground and is matched with a simulated rainfall device, an actual water collecting area is not arranged, the simulated rainfall device controls the rainfall through a supercharging device and the opening degree of a manual control valve, runoffs generated in the simulated water collecting area calculate the runoff quantity in unit time according to a certain water collecting area and a runoff coefficient and then are converted into rainfall, the rainfall directly enters a biological detention pond through a spraying device, the spraying rainfall intensity is not the actual rainfall intensity, and a certain yield time and a certain water collecting time exist after the rainfall begins under the actual condition, so that a great difference exists between a rainfall runoff process line simulated by the test and the actual condition; few test devices are provided with water collection plates (troughs), but the area is still a definite value and there is no consideration for the infiltration factor of the water collection zone and the operability is limited.
In addition, most of the existing test devices cannot perform multiple groups of tests at the same time, such as researching the influence of different filter layer fillers, different catchment areas or different plant types on the comprehensive efficiency of the system under the same rainfall event, particularly, in the test for researching the influence of the rainfall interval period on the comprehensive efficiency of the system, the same frequency of the rainfall intensity and the rainfall time of two adjacent rainfall events must be ensured, so that the biological detention barrel (pool) to be tested faces the identical external conditions in the rainfall interval period, and the operation difficulty of the existing device is high.
In addition, the biological detention ponds on two sides of the road surface in actual engineering may be located on two sides of the catchment area or in the middle of the catchment area, the relative positions of the biological detention ponds and the catchment area are different, the yield and confluence characteristics of the catchment area are also different, and the comprehensive efficiency of the system is also affected. The existing device can not simulate the comprehensive performance of the biological retention tank under different confluence characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide the test device for simulating the comprehensive efficiency of the biological detention pond under the natural rainfall condition, and the test device can be used for simulating the comprehensive efficiency of the biological detention pond under the natural rainfall condition, carrying out quantitative analysis, providing a basis for the establishment of a sponge city construction scheme, and has the advantages of low preparation cost, convenient installation and disassembly, strong operability and wide application range.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a biological detention pond under natural rainfall condition comprises a test bed, a test barrel placement area and a detection control system;
the test bed is of a double-layer bed surface structure, the double-layer bed surface structure comprises a water seepage plate and a water collection plate, the water collection plate is arranged below the water seepage plate, a plurality of water seepage holes are further formed in the surface of the water seepage plate, an outer baffle plate is arranged on the periphery of the water seepage plate and matched with the outer baffle plate to form a converging space, a test barrel placement area is arranged outside one side of the outer baffle plate, a movable separation assembly is arranged in the converging space, the movable separation assembly separates the converging space into a water collection area and a drainage area, a plurality of converging water outlets with opening and closing functions are formed in a first side baffle edge, between the water collection area and the test barrel placement area, of the outer baffle plate, a lower seepage water outlet is further formed in the water collection plate, and a lower seepage flowmeter is arranged on the lower seepage water outlet;
a biological retention test barrel is arranged in the test barrel placement area, an artificial rainfall assembly is arranged above the test barrel placement area and the test bed, and a water inlet flowmeter is arranged on the artificial rainfall assembly;
the detection control system comprises a computer, a rainfall controller and a flow recorder, and the water inlet flowmeter and the infiltration flowmeter are connected with the flow recorder.
Further, the infiltration board surface evenly separates into a plurality of catchment units, all is provided with the infiltration hole on every catchment unit, be provided with the cork in the infiltration hole.
Further, the outer baffle is provided with a plurality of drain holes on the second side flange and the third side flange which are positioned on two sides of the first side flange, the drain holes are arranged close to the included angle of the adjacent water collecting units, and soft plugs are also arranged in the drain holes.
Further, the movable separation assembly comprises a plurality of positioning separation columns and a plurality of separation plugboards, four first clamping grooves are uniformly formed in the outer surfaces of the positioning separation columns, the first clamping grooves are arranged towards the inner wall of the corresponding outer baffle, second clamping grooves are further formed in the inner wall of the outer baffle corresponding to the first clamping grooves, and the separation plugboards are arranged between the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves or between the first clamping grooves between two adjacent positioning separation columns.
Furthermore, dodging flow passages are formed between the bottoms of the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove and between the bottoms of the first clamping groove and the water seepage plate.
Further, the artificial rainfall assembly comprises a frame, a spraying device, a water conveying pipeline and a supercharging device, wherein the spraying device is fixed on the frame, a rainfall controller in the detection control system is connected with the supercharging device, the supercharging device is connected with the spraying device through the water conveying pipeline, and a water inlet flowmeter is arranged on the water conveying pipeline.
Further, the water seepage plate and the water collection plate are arranged on the supporting frame, and adjustable supporting feet are arranged at the bottom of the supporting frame.
Further, the experimental bucket of biological retention sets up on the slip shallow, the experimental bucket of biological retention includes transparent staving, be provided with experimental packing in the transparent staving, experimental packing surface species has the plant and is equipped with vegetation observation chi, be provided with overflow aperture and apopore on the transparent staving side, the overflow aperture is connected with the overflow pipe, be provided with overflow flowmeter on the overflow pipe, apopore and water piping connection, be provided with out the water flowmeter on the outlet pipe, overflow flowmeter and play water flowmeter are connected with the flow recorder among the detection control system.
Further, the outer surface of the transparent barrel body is coated with black sponge.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the movable biological retention test barrel is adopted, so that a plurality of biological retention test barrels with different fillers, different plant types and the like can be prepared, and the corresponding biological retention test barrel is moved to the corresponding position of a test area according to a test scheme during test, so that the movable biological retention test barrel is high in operability, convenient and flexible.
2. The movable separation assembly separates the water seepage plate into a water collecting area and a drainage area with adjustable areas, after rainfall starts, the flow production and the flow collection conditions on the water seepage plate are close to the actual conditions, the experimental study of the ratio of the areas of different water collecting areas to the surface areas of the biological detention ponds can be carried out, and the influence of the areas of different water collecting areas on the comprehensive efficiency of the biological detention system is compared;
3. the water seepage plate is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes which can be opened and closed, the runoff coefficient of the test bed is adjusted through the water seepage holes which are opened and closed, namely, the infiltration amount of the test bed is controlled through the quantity of the water seepage holes which are opened and closed, the comprehensive efficiency of the biological detention pond in different types of water collecting areas can be simulated, and the most suitable ratio of the water collecting area to the surface area of the biological detention pond is determined;
4. the device can meet the requirement that a plurality of biological retention test barrels are used for simultaneously carrying out tests, and can avoid the influence of external conditions caused by time difference under the same rainfall condition, so that the external conditions faced by the biological retention test barrels are the same completely in the intermittent period from the end of the first rainfall to the beginning of the next rainfall, and the interference to the tests can be ignored;
5. the biological retention test barrel can be arranged at a position corresponding to any one of the confluence water outlets in the water collecting area, is close to the actual situation, can simulate the comprehensive efficiency of the system under different confluence characteristics, and is simple to operate and real and reliable in data.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water permeable plate and a water collecting plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the movable partition assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biological retention tank comprehensive performance test in the simulation of unidirectional confluence in the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biological retention tank comprehensive performance test in the simulation of bidirectional confluence according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention simulating simultaneous testing of different bioretention test barrels of the same catchment area.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention simulating simultaneous testing of different catchment areas and the same bioretention test cartridge.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a bioretention pond under natural rainfall conditions comprises a test bed 111, a test barrel placement area 5 and a detection control system 112; the test bed is used for receiving test rainwater, distinguishing and converging the test rainwater to a test barrel placement area, and discharging part of the rainwater in a mode of simulating infiltration; a biological retention test barrel 6 is arranged in the test barrel placement area to receive rainwater converged to the test barrel placement area; the detection control system 112 effectively monitors the inflow and outflow data of each part of rainwater;
wherein, test barrel place district and test bed top are provided with the rainfall artifact subassembly 7, and the rainfall artifact subassembly can be with the rainwater even fall to test barrel place district and test bed region in, is provided with into water flowmeter 8 on the rainfall artifact subassembly, the record rainfall total amount.
The test bed is of a double-layer bed surface structure, the double-layer bed surface structure comprises a water seepage plate 1 and a water collection plate 10, the water collection plate is arranged below the water seepage plate, a plurality of water seepage holes 9 are further formed in the surface of the water seepage plate, part of rainwater received on the surface of the water seepage plate flows to the water collection plate through the water seepage holes, the water collection plate has a water storage function, and a flange can be arranged; the periphery of the water seepage plate is provided with an outer baffle plate 2 and is matched with the outer baffle plate to form a converging space, and rainwater can be guided, converged and arranged at a designated design position in the converging space; the test barrel placement area is arranged outside one side of the outer baffle plate, the converging space is internally provided with a movable separation assembly 3, the movable separation assembly separates the converging space into a water collecting area and a drainage area, rainwater in the drainage area is directly discharged, and the rainwater in the water collecting area is ready for use; a plurality of converging water outlets 4 with opening and closing functions are arranged on the first side baffle edge of the outer baffle plate between the water collecting area and the test barrel placing area, and the converging water outlets are paths for discharging rainwater on the test bed into the biological retention test barrel; the water collecting plate is also provided with a infiltration outlet 11, the infiltration outlet is provided with a infiltration flowmeter 12, and rainwater falling through the infiltration holes can be collected and measured to simulate the condition of subsurface infiltration;
the detection control system comprises a computer 113, a rainfall controller 114 and a flow recorder, wherein the water inlet flowmeter and the infiltration flowmeter are connected with the flow recorder, and the computer is used for receiving data collected by the flow recorder and is convenient to use. The rainfall controller in the detection control system can effectively control rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, raindrop size and the like.
The above-mentioned infiltration board surface evenly separates into a plurality of catchments unit 13, through catchment unit's setting, movable separation subassembly can separate along it, the area in the assurance catchment district after separating (after confirming the area of single catchment unit, only need multiply catchment unit quantity in the catchment district and can obtain total area), all be provided with infiltration hole 9 on every catchment unit, be provided with the cork in the infiltration hole, avoid here rivers inflow water collection board, infiltration hole on infiltration board surface in the test can carry out the switching quantity adjustment according to the type of simulation plot and comprehensive runoff coefficient, it is unanimous to have to guarantee the switching quantity of infiltration hole in every catchment unit during the adjustment, wherein the cork can partly bulge infiltration board surface, the convex part can cause certain hindrance to the rainwater that converges, in order to simulate the road surface roughness to the hindrance effect that the rainwater formed.
Above-mentioned outer baffle is located and all is provided with a plurality of wash ports 14 on the second side flange and the third side flange of first side flange both sides, also be provided with the cork in the wash port, when the wash port is in catchment district one side, then need the cork, prevent the rainwater discharge, when being in catchment district one side, the cork is pulled out, let the rainwater that falls smoothly discharge, the wash port is close to the contained angle department setting of adjacent catchment unit, and be located first side flange one side, after being kept apart by movable separation subassembly, the wash port that is in contained angle department can discharge the rainwater completely, can not deposit, avoid unable quick discharge and overflow to catchment in the district, effectively reduce the interference to catchment district, and also effectively reduce the pressure to the infiltration board.
The movable separation assembly comprises a plurality of positioning separation columns 15 and a plurality of separation plugboards 16, wherein four first clamping grooves 17 are uniformly formed in the outer surfaces of the positioning separation columns, the first clamping grooves are formed towards the inner walls of the corresponding outer baffles, second clamping grooves 171 are further formed in the inner walls of the outer baffles corresponding to the first clamping grooves, and the separation plugboards are arranged between the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves or between the first clamping grooves between two adjacent positioning separation columns. Wherein the location separates the post setting and surrounds the contained angle department that sets up at four adjacent catchments units, this position can be fine evenly separates catchments units, when needs adjacent catchments units link up, then do not set up the division picture peg, when needs keep apart, then between first draw-in groove and first draw-in groove or first draw-in groove and second draw-in groove between adjacent side insert and separate the picture peg can, separate picture peg bottom and the contained angle department of infiltration board can adopt sealant or sticky tape to seal up, thereby prevent that the rainwater in drainage zone from flowing into the catchment zone and influencing experimental accuracy.
The first draw-in groove bottom and second draw-in groove bottom all are provided with between the infiltration board and dodge the runner, when the rainwater is converged and is discharged from the wash port, dodge the runner and can avoid the blocking to the rainwater, flow away fast, avoid accumulating, cause pressure to test device.
When the structure is used, when the area of the four water collecting units is needed, the four connected water collecting units are selected at the periphery of the used water collecting outlet, and then the water collecting units are inserted between the corresponding first clamping grooves and the corresponding second clamping grooves and between the corresponding first clamping grooves of the first clamping grooves and the adjacent positioning partition columns through the partition plugboards, so that the enclosing effect is achieved.
When the area of five water collecting units is needed, five connected water collecting units are selected at the periphery of the used water collecting outlet, and then the water collecting units are inserted between the corresponding first clamping grooves and the corresponding second clamping grooves and between the first clamping grooves and the corresponding first clamping grooves of the adjacent positioning partition columns through the partition plugboards, so that the enclosing effect is achieved;
in the operation, the continuous water collecting units are needed to be separated, and finally the separated water collecting units can be communicated, so that the water collecting units can be overlapped at will, and the operation is simple and reliable.
The artificial rainfall assembly comprises a frame 18, a spraying device 181, a water conveying pipeline 19 and a supercharging device 20, wherein the spraying device is fixed on the frame, a rainfall controller in the detection control system is connected with the supercharging device, the supercharging device is connected with the spraying device through the water conveying pipeline, and a water inlet flowmeter is arranged on the water conveying pipeline. The pressurizing device pumps the rainwater in the rainwater storage barrel to the water pipeline and sprays the rainwater to the working area through the spraying device, and a spray head on the spraying device can be regulated through the rainfall controller so as to achieve the rainfall intensity set by the test;
the infiltration board all sets up on braced frame 21 with the water collecting plate, and braced frame bottom is provided with adjustable stabilizer blade, inclination on ground when can simulating the conflux.
And biological detention test barrel sets up on sliding cart 22, be convenient for test personnel's operation, biological detention test barrel includes transparent staving, be provided with experimental packing in the transparent staving, it has the plant and is equipped with vegetation observation chi to pack, be convenient for record vegetation condition, and can observe inside filling situation and plant root system's growth condition through transparent staving, be provided with overflow aperture 24 and apopore 25 on the transparent staving side, the overflow aperture is connected with the overflow pipe, be provided with overflow flowmeter on the overflow pipe, apopore and water piping connection, be provided with out the water flowmeter on the outlet pipe, overflow flowmeter and play water flowmeter are connected with the flow recorder among the detecting control system, can gather and summarize information in real time. The outer surface of the transparent barrel body is coated with black sponge, so that the underground dark environment is simulated while the observation is convenient, and the interference of conditions such as illumination and the like is reduced.
The following four arrangements designed by experiments are used to illustrate the method of using the device:
(1) The arrangement mode of the comprehensive efficacy test of the biological detention pond during the simulation of unidirectional confluence is exemplified by: as shown in FIG. 5, the biological retention test barrel is positioned at one side of the water collecting area and belongs to unidirectional water collecting, the movable separation component separates the water seepage plate into the water collecting area and the water draining area, and the ratio of the test water collecting area to the surface area of the biological retention test barrel is 8:1; the drain hole plug at one side of the water collecting area is in a closed state, and the drain holes at one side of the water collecting area are all opened; the confluence water outlets corresponding to the biological retention test barrels are in an open state, and the rest confluence water outlets are closed; the water seepage holes on the surface of the water seepage plate are all opened so as to simulate the road surface with smaller runoff coefficient.
(2) The arrangement mode of the comprehensive efficacy test of the biological detention pond during simulation of bidirectional confluence is exemplified by: in practical engineering, the biological retention pond may be located at any position of the water collecting area, and the arrangement mode shown in fig. 6 is that the biological retention test barrel is located in the middle of the water collecting area and is two-way water collecting, and the ratio of the test water collecting area to the surface area of the biological retention test barrel is 10:1; the infiltration hole part on infiltration board surface is closed, and the closed quantity of infiltration hole is unanimous in every catchment unit to simulate the runoff coefficient on actual road surface, easy operation has improved test efficiency greatly.
(3) The arrangement of simultaneous tests of the same catchment area and different bioretention test barrels is exemplified by: the arrangement mode shown in fig. 7 is adopted, the ratio of the test water collection area to the surface area of the biological retention test barrel is 4:1, the collection mode is one-way water collection, and test researches on the influence of different retention pond types, different packing types or different plant types on the comprehensive efficiency of the retention pond can be simulated. Placing two biological retention test barrels in the bottom corner test barrel placing areas on two sides for simultaneous test, and placing one biological retention test barrel with a water retention layer and one biological retention test barrel without the water retention layer for comparison test of the comprehensive performances of different types of biological retention pools; placing a biological retention test barrel (with or without a water retention layer) with the same structure, and respectively using different fillers to carry out a comparison test; the biological retention test barrels with the same structure and the same filler type can be placed, and different plants can be planted in the two barrels respectively for plant screening test. The two biological retention test barrels have the advantages that the external conditions are completely consistent except that the conditions are different, the comparison effect is good, the test efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the test result is more accurate.
(4) The arrangement of simultaneous tests of different catchment areas and the same bioretention test barrels is exemplified by: the arrangement mode shown in fig. 8 can be used for simultaneously carrying out test researches on the influence of the ratios of the areas of different catchment areas to the surface areas of the biological retention test barrels on the comprehensive efficiency of the biological retention pond, the ratios are respectively 4:1 and 3:1, the two biological retention test barrels are identical, the difference of hydrological parameters such as the outflow time and the overflow time of the two biological retention test barrels can be intuitively seen during the test, the simulation effect is good, the error is small, and because the interference of external conditions can be ignored during the simultaneous test, the test efficiency and the test precision are improved.
After the test arrangement scheme is determined, the device is adopted to conduct effective hydrologic effect research, and the method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting a corresponding heavy rain reproduction period and rainfall duration according to a local heavy rain intensity formula, and determining rainfall intensity and rainfall total amount of the simulated rainfall;
2. the rainfall coverage area is the total area of the test area and is recorded as A 0 The total area of the water seepage plate is marked as A 1 The area of the catchment area after being isolated by the movable separation component is recorded as A 2 The surface area of a single biostatic test barrel is designated A 3 ；
3. Pushing the biological retention test barrel to be tested to a test barrel placement area by using a sliding trolley, and opening a corresponding confluence water outlet;
4. recording readings of the water inlet flowmeter, the water outlet flowmeter, the overflow flowmeter and the infiltration flowmeter in an initial state as Q respectively 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 、Q 4 The rainfall starts;
5. after rainfall is finished, reading Q of a water inlet flowmeter, a water outlet flowmeter, an overflow flowmeter and a infiltration flowmeter is recorded 11 、Q 22 、Q 33 、Q 44 ；
6. Total rainfall Q in the whole test process 1 ’＝(Q 11 -Q 1 ) Biological retention test barrel output Q 2 ’＝ (Q 22 -Q 2 ) Overflow quantity Q of biological retention test barrel 3 ’＝(Q 33 -Q 3 ) Total infiltration quantity Q 4 ’＝(Q 44 -Q 4 )；
Rainfall Q corresponding to test bed area 5 ’＝Q 1 ’×A 1 /A 0 Radial flow coefficient ψ= (Q) throughout the test 5 ’-Q 4 ’)/Q 5 ’
Effective rainfall = catchment area runoff + rainfall directly into the biostatic test barrel = Q 1 ’× (A 2 /A 0 )×ψ+Q 1 ’×A 3 /A 0 Denoted as Q 6 ’；
The flow recorder is connected with the water inlet flow meter, the water outlet flow meter, the overflow flow meter and the downward seepage flow meter, acquires data therein, reads a rainfall and outflow time-varying curve from the flow recorder, and leads the curve into the EXCEL table, and can directly read the outflow delay time t according to the curve 1 Peak delay time t 2 Reduction rate of total runoff= (Q) 6 ’-Q 2 ’-Q 3 ’)/(Q 6 ’-Q 3 ' x 100% and peak shaving rate = (q) 1 -q 2 )/q 1 Wherein q is 1 Is the maximum flow rate during rainfall, q 2 Is the maximum flow rate during outflow.
7. When the permeability coefficient of the filter layer filler needs to be studied, three pressure measuring pipes are arranged on the biological retention test barrel, and after rainfall is stopped, the readings h of the pressure measuring pipes are recorded when the surface liquid level in the biological retention barrel is reduced to about 10cm of the surface of the medium 1 、h 2 、h 3 And outflow flow rate q, permeability coefficient of filter layer filler k=ql/a 3 h, wherein q is the outflow flow rate, L is the distance between adjacent piezometric tubes, A 3 Surface area of bio-retention barrel, h= [ (h) 1 -h 2 ) +(h 2 -h 3 )]/2。
After the test arrangement scheme is determined, the device is adopted to conduct effective water quality effect research:
if the inflow water adopted in the test is natural rainfall runoff collected in the rainwater storage barrel, water can be directly taken in the rainwater storage barrel, the outflow water is taken from the water outlet of the biological retention test barrel, indexes such as permanganate index, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and suspended matters of the inflow water and the outflow water are detected respectively, and the removal rate is calculated; if manual water distribution is needed, the related index of the water inflow is known, the related index is detected at the water outlet of the biological retention test barrel, and the removal rate is calculated.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A test device for simulating comprehensive efficiency of a biological detention pond under natural rainfall condition is characterized in that: the device comprises a test bed, a test barrel placement area and a detection control system;
the test bed is of a double-layer bed surface structure, the double-layer bed surface structure comprises a water seepage plate and a water collection plate, the water collection plate is arranged below the water seepage plate, a plurality of water seepage holes are further formed in the surface of the water seepage plate, an outer baffle plate is arranged on the periphery of the water seepage plate and matched with the outer baffle plate to form a converging space, a test barrel placement area is arranged outside one side of the outer baffle plate, a movable separation assembly is arranged in the converging space, the movable separation assembly separates the converging space into a water collection area and a drainage area, a plurality of converging water outlets with opening and closing functions are formed in a first side baffle edge, between the water collection area and the test barrel placement area, of the outer baffle plate, a lower seepage water outlet is further formed in the water collection plate, and a lower seepage flowmeter is arranged on the lower seepage water outlet;
a biological retention test barrel is arranged in the test barrel placement area, an artificial rainfall assembly is arranged above the test barrel placement area and the test bed, and a water inlet flowmeter is arranged on the artificial rainfall assembly;
the detection control system comprises a computer, a rainfall controller and a flow recorder, and the water inlet flowmeter and the infiltration flowmeter are connected with the flow recorder;
the surface of the water seepage plate is uniformly divided into a plurality of water collecting units, each water collecting unit is provided with a water seepage hole, and a soft plug is arranged in each water seepage hole;
the outer baffle is provided with a plurality of drain holes on the second side flange and the third side flange which are positioned on two sides of the first side flange, the drain holes are arranged close to the included angle of the adjacent water collecting units, and soft plugs are also arranged in the drain holes.
2. The test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a bioretention pond under natural rainfall conditions of claim 1, wherein: the movable separation assembly comprises a plurality of positioning separation columns and a plurality of separation plugboards, four first clamping grooves are uniformly formed in the outer surfaces of the positioning separation columns, the first clamping grooves are arranged towards the inner wall of the corresponding outer baffle, second clamping grooves are further formed in the inner wall of the outer baffle corresponding to the first clamping grooves, and the separation plugboards are arranged between the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves or between the first clamping grooves between two adjacent positioning separation columns.
3. The test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a bioretention pond under natural rainfall conditions according to claim 2, wherein: and avoiding flow passages are arranged between the bottoms of the first clamping grooves and the water seepage plates and between the bottoms of the second clamping grooves and the water seepage plates.
4. The test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a bioretention pond under natural rainfall conditions of claim 1, wherein: the artificial rainfall assembly comprises a frame, a spraying device, a water conveying pipeline and a supercharging device, wherein the spraying device is fixed on the frame, a rainfall controller in the detection control system is connected with the supercharging device, the supercharging device is connected with the spraying device through the water conveying pipeline, and a water inlet flowmeter is arranged on the water conveying pipeline.
5. The test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a bioretention pond under natural rainfall conditions of claim 1, wherein: the water seepage plate and the water collection plate are arranged on the supporting frame, and adjustable supporting feet are arranged at the bottom of the supporting frame.
6. The test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a bioretention pond under natural rainfall conditions of claim 1, wherein: the biological detention test barrel sets up on the slip shallow, biological detention test barrel includes transparent staving, be provided with experimental packing in the transparent staving, experimental packing surface species has the plant and is equipped with vegetation observation chi, be provided with overflow aperture and apopore on the transparent staving side, the overflow aperture is connected with the overflow pipe, be provided with overflow flowmeter on the overflow pipe, apopore and water piping connection, be provided with out the water flowmeter on the outlet pipe, overflow flowmeter and play water flowmeter are connected with the flow recorder among the detection control system.
7. The test device for simulating comprehensive effectiveness of a bioretention pond under natural rainfall conditions of claim 6, wherein: the outer surface of the transparent barrel body is coated with black sponge.
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| CN108956414A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-12-07 | 长安大学 | A kind of sponge urban biology is detained facility model experimental rig and method |
| CN110093967B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2021-04-06 | 华南理工大学 | System for controlling road rainwater runoff and effect monitoring method thereof |
| CN110208163B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江路之友工程机械有限公司 | Bituminous paving rivers flow experimental apparatus |
| CN110235647A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-09-17 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of plant and crop special groove formula test bucket |
| CN114839102A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for measuring water retention of garden herbaceous plants |
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