CN1074078A - A kind of non-earth planting of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of non-earth planting of crops, be in booth, vertically to carry out the stereoscopic multi-layer cultivation by the column support, guiding device by optically focused, reflection, refraction, astigmatism functions provides sunlight for the bottom crop and can make the light that color and luster is arranged of crop yield, changes in temperature yarn by thermal medium and the outer top of canopy, the regulation and control temperature of shed makes its suitable plant growing needs.On certain area soil or on the flat roof at building,, obtain to Duo several times crop yield than kind of one deck, the product cost reduction by the multilayer cultivation.For the less and less situation of per capita cultivated land, be to obtain more agricultural product, satisfy the good method of ever-increasing population needs.

Description

A kind of non-earth planting of crops

The present invention is a kind of non-earth planting of crops, and international Patent classificating number is A01G31/00.

Soilless culture is plantation crops and a kind of mode that obtains its fruit.Cultivation is down in the open arranged, also have in booth and cultivate.The soilless culture of carrying out in booth can be carried out property whole year anti-season and produce, but because its disposable having high input, power consumption is big, and the unit cost height is difficult to large tracts of land and promotes.

The objective of the invention is to find out a kind of small investment, power consumption is little, product cost is low soilless culture mode.

Basic technical features of the present invention is to carry out vertical multilayer cultivation by the column supporting structure in booth, solves the required sunlight problem of lower floor crop in the stereoscopic multi-layer cultivation by the guiding device with functions such as optically focused, reflection, refraction, astigmatism; Constant temperature thermal medium in changes in temperature yarn by the outer top of canopy and the canopy, control high temperature or algid stage temperature of shed to be stabilized in the crop optimum growh temperature required.

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the present invention.

The schematic diagram of Fig. 3 guiding device.

Fig. 4 is a guiding device illumination schematic diagram.

Specify content of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the multilayer cultivation is by column 1, be fixed on the column 1 and vertical cross bar 2 with it, and be fixed on the support that nutrition pipeline road 3 and pole 4 with dropper on the cross bar 2 form, the cultivation bed is placed produce on the support. The plant growth desired nutritional is by high-pressure pump the nutrient solution for preparing to be pressed into conveyance conduit to splash into a cultivation bed carrier by dropper and allow root system of plant absorb. The required sunlight of crop, going up top one deck most is to be obtained by the sunlight direct irradiation, the required sunlight of middle lower floor is to obtain by guiding device. This guiding device is made up of members such as mirror condenser 5, condenser mirror 6, light pipe 7, refracting telescope 8, diverging lens 9, sunlight is focused to condenser mirror 6 by mirror condenser 5 with light reflection, condenser mirror 6 is with light reflection process light pipe 7, light pipe is cylindrical shape, its upper end is connected with the cooking-pot type mirror condenser bottom circular hole periphery of opening, its inwall is coated reflective material, and by distance between the layering crop, by the refracting telescope of loading onto lower non-overlapping copies, the light of refracting telescope refraction disperses light to be radiated on the crop by each self-corresponding diverging lens. Diverging lens are convex lens, coat corresponding color according to the color of light of crop yield needs. Thermal medium is calcium chloride water, aqueous sodium persulfate solution, aqueous sodium carbonate, lithium bromide water solution. The container of the thermal medium aqueous solution is wanted strong but pliable in texture and can secluding air, and such as composite plastic, rubber bag, the container that thermal medium is housed is inhaled heat release can not control temperature of shed the time, it be removed to re-use after restPosing. The changes in temperature yarn is made plane fanning around ceiling outside and canopy wall, by pulley or temperature-sensitive regulation device, open and close according to plant growth needs temperature.

In order to make crop under optimum temperature, carry out the production of property whole year anti-season, need at present to consume a large amount of electric energy coolings, or consume a large amount of heat energy intensifications, build in addition that booth is disposable to have high input, the unit cost height, the market bearing capacity is poor, has just hindered the development that booth is produced. The present invention heats up in order to reach reducing temperature of heatstroke prevention or winter protection, mainly takes the method that chemical heat media is regulated and the adjusting of changes in temperature yarn combines. Well-known chemical heat media kind is a lot, and such as aqueous sodium persulfate solution, aqueous sodium carbonate and lithium bromide water solution, when environment temperature was lower than 32-35 ℃, these thermal mediums all can be emitted heat; When environment temperature was higher than 32-35 ℃, these thermal mediums all can absorb heat, made the place environment temperature within a certain period of time constant. These materials all can be used as the thermal medium of temperature adjustment, but since the scope of its temperature adjustment at 32～35 ℃, not bery desirable to the growth of general crop. And if its concentration of calcium chloride water is 50～52%, its heat of fusion and heat of solidification are at 28 ℃, when the soilless culture canopy temperature is down to below 28 ℃, the calcium chloride hexahydrate that calcium chloride forms in the aqueous solution is separated out from the aqueous solution, heat release is solidified, and canopy temperature is raise, and still maintains 28 ℃; When canopy temperature rose to more than 28 ℃, the calcium chloride heat absorption dissolving of having solidified descended canopy temperature, still maintains 28 ℃. As seen, calcium chloride water can be within a certain period of time, makes canopy temperature remain on 28 ℃ of the most suitable growth of crop. According to test, the calcium chloride water temperature of concentration 50% is down to 28 ℃ or when rising to 30 ℃ by 28 ℃ by 30 ℃, and it is emitted or the heat that absorbs is 80 kilocalories/kilogram. Thus, the factors such as the size that can change according to what, ambient temperature of the size of soilless culture booth internal volume, material, the heat insulation situation of booth material decide the consumption of calcium chloride water. Calcium chloride water only otherwise and contact with air, also can use for a long time. Be not suitable for plant growth high temperature or long-term low temperature if run into, thermal medium is absorbing or release heat when reaching certain limit, or else can absorb or release heat, temperature of shed reaches unanimity with the outer temperature of canopy gradually, at this moment, should change the used device that thermal medium is housed, change new thermal medium device. As in order to lower the temperature, then should change the thermal medium device of depositing at colder place; In order to heat up, then should change the thermal medium device of depositing at hot place. The colder place here refers to shady and cool local and well water place, the surplus cold place of deep water place, cellar, ice cell, cold storage warehouse etc.; Heat place, referring to the place that has surplus heat and solar irradiation must strong part etc. Thermal medium uses and once is generally about 20 hours. Two batches of thermal medium devices of booth preparation, a collection of in work, a collection ofly hocket in precooling or preheating, just can make crop be in optimum temperature and grow.

The regulation and control of changes in temperature yarn.Existing changes in temperature yarn is sold on the market.It can flash back the sunlight when it was hot, reduced radiant heat, and it can play thermal effect when it was cold.China's Jiangmen city is introduced cultivation apparatus without soil from Holland, and the changes in temperature yarn is to be installed in the canopy internal upper part, and its shortcoming solar energy is just isolated after entering in the canopy, is unfavorable for preventing heating up in the canopy.Push up outside canopy changes in temperature yarn of the present invention position, takes the double action opening and closing formula, is as the criterion with temperature of shed, utilizes heat-sensing device to control automatically.Its requirement is, and is strong when the sun, when temperature of shed is higher than plant growth requirement temperature, closes automatically.When the cold needs of weather are warming, also can close automatically, when needing solar radiation, crop then opens automatically.Certainly also available manually the variation according to temperature of shed opens and closes.

Embodiment: with the small size multi-layer stereo plantation is example, with 1 eight on 3 meters long columns, every by loading onto 2 three of one meter long cross bars, with column 1 quadrisection, and the mid point of every cross bar and column are in same horizontal plane vertical fixing, and its fixed form can be taked cassette or tie up stationary.Holding up stationary arrangement with mounted like this column is four lines, two of every row, line-spacing is 1.6 meters, be 2.5 meters apart between every capable column, be installed in the both sides of cross bar respectively with the pipeline of carrying nutrition and 4 meters long support bars, the number of plies of its installation and distance can just be considered by the crop of plantation, such as short living crops such as the western romaine lettuce of whole plantations, then can install four layers; As plant two-layer short living crop, and join the contour living crop of one deck cucumber or tomato, then that short living crop is two-layer following, high living crop one deck is last.After support installs, with cultivation bed-make-be placed on support bar 4 and carry on the frame of nutrient solution pipe 3 compositions with packed straw bits of going into prefabricated mistake of tailormadepiston or sawdust, the crop seedling alms bowl is fixed on the cultivation bed, the root of seedling alms bowl can stretch outward, penetrate in the straw bits or sawdust in the cultivation bed, its desired nutritional liquid is pressed into by high-pressure pump carries the nutrient solution pipeline to splash into acquisition through its dropper.

The illumination of lower floor crop obtains by light-conducting system.What adopt here is that diameter 90CM cooking-pot type mirror condenser 5 bottom opening diameters are 15CM, condenser mirror 6 diameters are 25CM, light pipe 7 interior diameters are 15CM, peripheral fixedlying connected with the perforate of cooking-pot type mirror condenser bottom institute, the refracting telescope 8 that 3 each self energys that staggers mutually reflex to a part of sunlight is installed in the light pipe, its standoff distance is 75CM, allow solar radiation on one, two, three layer of crop, with the mirror condenser corresponding position diverging lens are installed, make light disperse, mildly be radiated on the crop through overbunching.

The regulation and control temperature of shed, the thermal medium of taking is a calcium chloride water, and the calcium chloride water temperature of known 50% concentration is reduced to 28 ℃ or when rising to 30 ℃ by 28 ℃ by 30 ℃, and it is emitted or the heat that absorbs is 80 kilocalories/kilogram.Above-mentioned booth volume is nearly 180 cubic metres, multiple materials such as air, plant, water, cultivation bed (comprising plastics, carrier), pillar, canopy body are arranged in this volume, and consider that air flows and the heat leakage and the size of the temperature difference to external world, can roughly calculate and keep this system temperature in the time of 28 ℃, the total amount of heat that required calcium chloride water will absorb or emit is obtained the calcium chloride water consumption.As keep this system at 28 ± 2 ℃, need to absorb or emit 20400 kilocalories of total amount of heats.The calcium chloride water that needs 50% concentration:

20400 kilocalories/80 kilocalories/kilogram=25.5 kilograms.

When concrete operations, its solution can be contained in the compound plastic bag of 10 flat air proofs.When placing a period of time, absorb or liberated heat can not have been kept the crop optimum growh when temperature required, then it should be changed, change new same calcium chloride water device.With the device changed as required, be placed on and make it recover initial balance in higher or the lower temperature, standby then.The changes in temperature yarn can help to stablize temperature of shed.Its method is that it is placed in the outer top of canopy open and flatly, and with pulley or automation equipment control, fierce when sunlight, when temperature of shed was too high, the changes in temperature yarn was closed; When sunlight was faint, the changes in temperature yarn was opened; When weather was cold, for preventing indoor heat dissipation, the changes in temperature yarn was closed.

Advantage of the present invention can be on certain area soil, can be on the flat roof of building, by the multilayer cultivation, obtain to Duo several times crop yield than kind one deck, and product cost is corresponding reduction also. For the less and less situation in per capita arable land, be to obtain more agricultural product, satisfy the good method of ever-increasing population needs.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of non-earth planting of crops, it is characterized in that in booth, vertically carrying out the stereoscopic multi-layer cultivation by the column support, guiding device by optically focused, reflection, refraction, astigmatism functions provides sunlight for the bottom crop and can make the light that color and luster is arranged of crop yield, changes in temperature yarn by thermal medium and the outer top of canopy, the regulation and control temperature of shed makes its suitable plant growing needs.

2,, it is characterized in that the column support is by the column 1 and the cross bar 2 of vertical fixing with it, and the nutrition pipeline road 3 and the pole 4 that are fixed on the band dropper on the cross bar are formed by the described soilless culture mode of claim 1.

3, by the described soilless culture mode of claim 1, the structure that it is characterized in that the guiding device of optically focused, reflection, refraction, astigmatism functions is, the cooking-pot type mirror condenser 5 of opening circular hole by the bottom is concentrated light and is reflected on the matrix condenser mirror 6, by matrix condenser mirror 6 light is reflected into device on the refracting telescope on the light pipe 78, the light of refracting telescope refraction disperses light to be radiated on the bottom crop by diverging lens 9.

4, by the described soilless culture mode of claim 3, it is characterized in that light pipe is a cylindrical shape, its upper end is connected with the cooking-pot type mirror condenser bottom circular hole periphery of opening, its inwall is coated reflective material, and by distance between the layering crop, by the refracting telescope of loading onto down non-overlapping copies, the light of refracting telescope refraction disperses light to be radiated on the crop by each self-corresponding diverging lens.

5, by the described soilless culture mode of claim 3, it is characterized in that diverging lens are convex lens, coat corresponding color according to the color of light of crop yield needs.

6, by the described soilless culture mode of claim 1, it is characterized in that thermal medium is a calcium chloride water, aqueous sodium persulfate solution, aqueous sodium carbonate, lithium bromide water solution.

7, by the described soilless culture mode of claim 6, the container that it is characterized in that the thermal medium aqueous solution is wanted strong but pliable in texture and the energy secluding air, as composite plastic, rubber bag, the container that thermal medium is housed is inhaled heat release can not control temperature of shed the time, it be removed to re-use after restPosing.

8, by the described soilless culture mode of claim 1, it is characterized in that the changes in temperature yarn makes planar development around ceiling outside and canopy wall, by pulley or temperature-sensitive regulation device, open and close according to plant growth needs temperature.

Images