CN107400518B - Wide-temperature liquid crystal composition with large optical anisotropy and application thereof - Google Patents
Wide-temperature liquid crystal composition with large optical anisotropy and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wide-temperature liquid crystal composition with large optical anisotropy and application thereof, wherein the liquid crystal composition comprises at least one of compounds represented by a general formula I, at least one of compounds represented by a general formula II, at least one of compounds represented by a general formula III, at least one of compounds represented by a general formula IV and at least one of compounds represented by a general formula V and/or VI; the liquid crystal composition has low rotational viscosity, large elastic constant, good low-temperature intersolubility and high response speed, can be used for fast response liquid crystal display of various display modes, and can obviously improve the display effect of a liquid crystal display when being used in a TN, IPS or FFS mode display; especially suitable for wide temperature LCD; the liquid crystal display is particularly suitable for vehicle-mounted liquid crystal display.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal, and particularly relates to a wide-temperature liquid crystal composition with large optical anisotropy and application thereof.
Background
Liquid crystals are currently widely used in the field of information display, and have been used in optical communications (s.t.wu, d.k.yang.reflective Liquid Crystal display. wiley, 2001). In recent years, the application fields of liquid crystal compounds have been remarkably widened to various display devices, electro-optical devices, electronic components, sensors, and the like, and nematic liquid crystal compounds have been most widely used in flat panel displays, particularly in systems of TFT active matrix.
Liquid crystal display has experienced a long development route along with the discovery of liquid crystals. In 1888, the first liquid crystal material, cholesterol benzoate, was discovered by the austria phytologist Friedrich reintzer. In 1917, Manguin invented rubbing alignment method to make single domain liquid crystal and study optical anisotropy. The theory of scraping (Swarm) was established by e.bose in 1909 and supported by l.s.ormstein and f.zernike et al (1918), which were later discussed as statistical fluctuations by De Gennes. G.w.oseen and h.zocher created continuum theory in 1933 and was perfected by f.c.frank (1958). M.born (1916) and k.lichtennecker (1926) discovered and studied the dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals. In 1932, w.kast accordingly classified the nematic phase into two main classes, positive and negative. In 1927, v.freedericksz and v.zolonao found that nematic liquid crystals deformed and had a voltage threshold (freedericksz transition) under the action of an electric or magnetic field. This finding provides the basis for the fabrication of liquid crystal displays.
In 1968, R.Williams, RCA corporation in America, discovered that nematic liquid crystals form fringe domains under the action of an electric field and have a light scattering phenomenon. The g.h.heilmeir was subsequently developed into a dynamic scattering display mode and made the first Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) in the world. In the early seventies, Helfrich and Schadt invented the TN principle, and people made them into display devices (TN-LCD) by using the combination of TN photoelectric effect and integrated circuit, thus developing a broad prospect for the application of liquid crystal. Since the seventies, the application of liquid crystal in display has been developed in a breakthrough due to the development of large-scale integrated circuits and liquid crystal materials, and the Super Twisted Nematic (STN) mode proposed by t.scheffer et al in 1983-1985 and the Active Matrix (AM) mode proposed by p.brody in 1972 were adopted again. Conventional TN-LCD technology has been developed into STN-LCD and TFT-LCD technology, and although the number of scan lines of STN can reach 768 lines or more, problems of response speed, viewing angle, gray scale and the like still exist when the temperature rises, so that the active matrix display mode is mostly adopted for large-area, high-information content and color display. TFT-LCD has been widely used in direct view televisions, large screen projection televisions, computer terminal displays and some military instrument displays, and TFT-LCD technology is believed to have wider application prospects.
Where "active matrix" includes two types: 1. OMS (metal oxide semiconductor) or other diodes on a silicon wafer as a substrate. 2. A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) on a glass plate as a substrate.
The use of single crystal silicon as a substrate material limits the display size because of the many problems that arise with the assembly of parts of the display device and even the modules at their junctions. Thus, the second type of thin film transistor is a promising type of active matrix, and the photoelectric effect utilized is typically the TN effect. TFTs include compound semiconductors, such as CdSe, or TFTs based on polycrystalline or amorphous silicon.
The liquid crystal display has the advantages of good display effect and low cost, so the liquid crystal display becomes the mainstream of vehicle-mounted products, however, the vehicle-mounted products need a very wide working temperature range and a fast response time, and the liquid crystal display is limited by the liquid crystal (a liquid crystal phase is presented within a certain temperature, and the low-temperature rotational viscosity is large), so the fast-response wide-temperature liquid crystal becomes a key material of the vehicle-mounted liquid crystal display.
The response time of the liquid crystal display depends on(γ 1 represents the rotational viscosity of the liquid crystal, Keff is the effective elastic constant of the liquid crystal, and d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer), therefore, decreasing the rotational viscosity, decreasing the thickness, and increasing the elastic constant of the liquid crystal can achieve the purpose of increasing the response time, but the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is square to the response time of the liquid crystal, and therefore decreasing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is most effective. Specifically, the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display is determined by a fixed optical retardation (Δ nd), and therefore, decreasing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer requires increasing the optical anisotropy (Δ n) of the liquid crystal, thereby achieving the purpose of decreasing the response time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquid crystal composition, which has large optical anisotropy, high clearing point, low melting point and low rotational viscosity, can reduce the thickness of a liquid crystal layer when being applied to a liquid crystal display, realizes quick response time, is suitable for wide-temperature liquid crystal displays, and is particularly suitable for vehicle-mounted liquid crystal displays.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a wide-temperature liquid crystal composition with large optical anisotropy comprises at least one of compounds represented by a general formula I, at least one of compounds represented by a general formula II, at least one of compounds represented by a general formula III, at least one of compounds represented by a general formula IV and at least one of compounds represented by a general formula V and/or VI;
wherein, in the general formula I, R1Represents C1~C12Wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2May be substituted with O, S or CH ═ CH; n represents 0 or 1; l is1Is H or F; a is selected from one of the following groups:
in the general formula II, R2、R3Each independently represents C1~C12Wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2May be substituted with O, S or CH ═ CH; B. c independently of one another represents trans-1, 4-cyclohexyl or 1, 4-phenylene;
in the general formula III, R4Represents C1~C12Straight chain alkyl or C2~C12Linear alkenyl of (A), R5Represents C1~C12Ring D is trans-1, 4-cyclohexyl or 1, 4-phenylene;
in the general formula IV, R6Represents C1~C12Straight chain alkyl or C2~C12Linear alkenyl of, L2、L3Each independently represents H or F, wherein L2、L3The difference is H;
in the general formula V, in the general formula VI, R7、R8、R9Each independently represents C1~C12Linear alkyl of (2), L4Represents H or F, X represents F or OCF3。
The compound represented by the general formula I provided by the invention is a polar compound containing a 2-methyl-3, 4, 5-trifluorobenzene structure and a difluoromethoxy bridge bond, and the structure has large dielectric anisotropy.
Specifically, the compound represented by the general formula I is selected from one or more compounds represented by formulas IA to IE:
wherein R is1Each independently represents C1~C7Linear alkyl group of (1).
Preferably, the compound represented by the general formula I is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula IA1 to formula IE 4:
more preferably, the compound represented by the general formula I provided by the invention is selected from one or more of IA1, IA2, IB2, IB3, IC1, IC2, ID1, ID2, IE2 and IE 3.
In the liquid crystal composition, the compound represented by the general formula I is used in an amount of 5-30%, preferably 10-22%, or 10-25%, or 14-22%.
The invention provides a compound represented by a general formula II, which has a bicyclic structure with low rotational viscosity, and particularly, the compound represented by the general formula II is selected from one or more of the following compounds:
wherein R is2Represents C1~C7The linear alkyl group of (1); r3Represents C1~C7Linear alkyl, linear alkoxy or C2~C7Linear alkenyl groups of (a).
Preferably, the compound represented by the general formula II is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the formulas IIA 1-IIB 24:
more preferably, the compound represented by the general formula II provided by the invention is preferably one or more of IIA1, IIA2, IIA4, IIB2, IIB4, IIB15 and IIB 16.
Particularly preferably, the compound represented by the general formula II is selected from one or more of IIA1, IIA2, IIA 4.
In the liquid crystal composition, the compound represented by the general formula II is used in an amount of 30 to 60%, preferably 35 to 55% or, 39 to 51%, or 35 to 50%, or 39 to 47%, or 41 to 51%.
The compound represented by formula III is selected from one or more of the compounds represented by formula IIIA formula IIIB:
wherein R is4Represents C2~C7A linear alkyl or linear alkenyl group of (a); r5Represents C1~C7Linear alkyl group of (1).
Preferably, the compound represented by formula III is selected from one or more of the structures of formula IIIA1 to IIIB 20:
more preferably, the compound represented by formula III is selected from one or more of formulae IIIA1, IIIA2, IIIA8, IIIA12, IIIA16, IIIB3, IIIB12, IIIB 16.
In the liquid crystal composition, the compound represented by the general formula III is used in an amount of 1 to 30%, preferably 6 to 20%, or 8 to 15%, or 10 to 15%.
The compound represented by the general formula IV provided by the invention is a terphenyl compound, and the structure has very large optical anisotropy.
Specifically, the compound represented by formula IV is selected from one or more of the following structures:
wherein R is6Represents C2~C7Linear alkyl or linear alkenyl of (1).
Preferably, the compound represented by formula IV is selected from one or more of IVA 1-IVB 6:
more preferably, the compound represented by formula IV is selected from one or more of IVA1, IVA2, IVA3, IVA4, IVA 5.
In the liquid crystal composition, the compound represented by the general formula IV is used in an amount of 1 to 35%, preferably 1 to 30%, or 2 to 25%, or 12 to 30%, or 1 to 13%, or 12 to 25%.
The compound represented by the general formula V provided by the invention is a tetracyclic neutral compound, and has a very high clearing point and larger optical anisotropy.
Specifically, the compound represented by the general formula V provided by the invention is selected from one or more of the following compounds:
wherein R is7、R8Independently of each otherWatch C1~C7Linear alkyl group of (1).
Preferably, the compound represented by formula V is selected from one or more of formulae VA1 to VB 16:
more preferably, the compounds of formula V provided by the present invention are selected from one or both of VA5 or VB 6.
The compound represented by the general formula VI provided by the invention is a tetracyclic structure compound and has a high clearing point.
Specifically, the compound represented by formula VI is selected from one or more of formulae VIA or VIB:
wherein R is9Represents C1~C7Linear alkyl group of (1).
Preferably, the compound represented by formula V is selected from one or more of the group consisting of formula VIA1 to formula VIB 4:
more preferably, the compound represented by formula VI is selected from one or more of VIA1, VIA2, VIA 3.
In the liquid crystal composition, the general formula V and the general formula IV can be added simultaneously or alternatively, and the liquid crystal composition preferably contains the components of the general formula V and the general formula VI simultaneously. When "added simultaneously" the two are used in an amount of 1-30%, preferably 5-17%, or 3-20%, or 5-15%. When "alternatively added", it is preferable to add a compound represented by the general formula V in an amount of 4 to 5%, or 2 to 8%; when a compound of formula VI is alternatively added, it is added in an amount of 4-10%, or 3-15%.
Specifically, in order to enable the liquid crystal composition to meet different requirements, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
(1) 5-30% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 30-60% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 1 to 30% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) and 1-35% of a compound represented by the general formula IV.
(5) And 1-30% of a compound represented by formula V and/or formula VI.
Preferably, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
(1) 8-25% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 35-55% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 6-20% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) and 1-30% of a compound represented by the general formula IV.
(5) And 3-20% of a compound represented by a general formula V and/or a general formula VI.
More preferably, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
(1) 10-22% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 39-51% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 8-15% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) and 2-25% of a compound represented by the general formula IV.
(5) And 5-15% of a compound represented by formula V and/or formula VI.
Particularly preferably, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
(1) 10-22% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 39-51% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 8-15% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) 2-25% of a compound represented by the general formula IV;
(5) 4-5% of a compound represented by the general formula V;
(6) 0 to 10% of a compound represented by the general formula VI;
preferably, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
(1) 5-25% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 35-50% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 5-20% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) 12-30% of a compound represented by the general formula IV;
(5) 2-8% of a compound represented by the general formula V;
(6) 0-15% of a compound represented by the general formula VI.
Or, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
(1) 10-25% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 35-55% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 8-20% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) 1-13% of a compound represented by the general formula IV;
(5) 2-8% of a compound represented by the general formula V;
(6) and 3-15% of a compound represented by the general formula VI.
More preferably, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
(1) 10-21% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 39-47% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 8-15% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) 12-25% of a compound represented by the general formula IV;
(5) 4-5% of a compound represented by the general formula V;
(6) 0 to 10% of a compound represented by the general formula VI.
Or, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
1) 14-22% of a compound represented by the general formula I;
(2) 41-51% of a compound represented by the general formula II;
(3) 10-15% of a compound represented by the general formula III;
(4) 2-13% of a compound represented by the general formula IV;
(5) 4-5% of a compound represented by the general formula V;
(6) and 4-10% of a compound represented by the general formula VI.
The compound represented by the general formula I in the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention is a compound containing 2-methyl-3, 4, 5-trifluorobenzene and difluoromethoxy bridged bond connection, and the compound has the characteristics of strong polarity and good intersolubility; the compound represented by the general formula II has a bicyclic structure, has the characteristics of low rotational viscosity and excellent intersolubility, and is an essential component for fast response liquid crystal display; the compound represented by the general formula III is a nonpolar tricyclic compound, and the monomer has a high clearing point and a large elastic constant, so that the elastic constant of the liquid crystal composition is favorably improved; the compound represented by the general formula IV is a terphenyl compound, and the structure has large optical anisotropy and excellent intersolubility and is very effective in improving the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition; the compounds represented by the general formulas V and VI have tetracyclic structures, and have very high clearing points and larger optical anisotropy.
The method for producing the liquid crystal composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be produced by mixing two or more compounds by a conventional method, such as a method of mixing the different components at a high temperature and dissolving each other, wherein the liquid crystal composition is dissolved and mixed in a solvent for the compounds, and then the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure; alternatively, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be prepared by a conventional method, for example, by dissolving the component having a smaller content in the main component having a larger content at a higher temperature, or by dissolving each of the components in an organic solvent, for example, acetone, chloroform or methanol, and then mixing the solutions to remove the solvent.
The liquid crystal composition has low rotational viscosity, large elastic constant, good low-temperature intersolubility and high response speed, can be used for fast response liquid crystal display of various display modes, and can obviously improve the display effect of a liquid crystal display when being used in a TN (twisted nematic), IPS (in-plane switching) or FFS (fringe field switching) mode display; especially suitable for wide temperature LCD; the liquid crystal display is particularly suitable for vehicle-mounted liquid crystal display.
On the basis of general knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions may be combined with each other to obtain preferred liquid crystal compositions of the present invention.
The liquid-crystalline compounds referred to in the present invention are known products, commercially available or supplied by the company eight billion spatio-temporal liquid-crystal technologies.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, percentages in the present invention are weight percentages; the temperature units are centigrade; Δ n represents optical anisotropy (25 ℃);∥and⊥respectively represent the parallel and perpendicular dielectric constants (25 ℃, 1000 Hz); Δ represents the dielectric anisotropy (25 ℃, 1000 Hz); γ 1 represents rotational viscosity (mpa.s, 25 ℃); cp represents the clearing point (. degree. C.) of the liquid crystal composition; k11、K22、K33Respectively representing the splay, twist and bend elastic constants (pN, 25 ℃).
In the following examples, the group structures in the liquid crystal compounds are represented by codes shown in Table 1.
Table 1: radical structure code of liquid crystal compound
Take the following compound structure as an example:
expressed as: 4CDUQKF
Expressed as: 5 CCPAF
In the following examples, the liquid crystal composition was prepared by a thermal dissolution method, comprising the steps of: weighing the liquid crystal compound by a balance according to the weight percentage, wherein the weighing and adding sequence has no specific requirements, generally weighing and mixing the liquid crystal compound in sequence from high melting point to low melting point, heating and stirring at 60-100 ℃ to uniformly melt all the components, filtering, performing rotary evaporation, and finally packaging to obtain the target sample.
In the following examples, the weight percentages of the components in the liquid crystal composition and the performance parameters of the liquid crystal composition are shown in the following tables.
Example 1
Table 2: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 2
Table 3: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 3
Table 4: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 4
Table 5: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 5
Table 6: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 6
Table 7: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 7
Table 8: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 8
Table 9: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 9
Table 10: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 10
Table 11: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 11
Table 12: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 12
Table 13: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 13
Table 14: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 14
Table 15: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 15
Table 16: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 16
Table 17: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 17
Table 18: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 18
Table 19: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 19
Table 20: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 20
Table 21: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 21
Table 22: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Example 22
Table 23: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
Comparative example 1
Table 24: the weight percentage and performance parameters of each component in the liquid crystal composition
The liquid crystal compositions obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1 were compared together for each of their performance parameter values, see table 25.
Table 25: comparison of Performance parameters of liquid Crystal compositions
△n | △ε | Cp | γ1 | K11 | K22 | K33 | |
Example 2 | 0.121 | +6.3 | 100 | 79 | 15.0 | 7.5 | 17.1 |
Comparative example 1 | 0.100 | +6.2 | 101 | 105 | 14.0 | 7.0 | 17.2 |
By comparison, it can be seen that: compared with comparative example 1, the liquid crystal composition provided by example 1 has large optical anisotropy, can effectively reduce the thickness of a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display, and greatly improves the large response time of the liquid crystal display; in addition, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention also has low rotational viscosity, and the response time of the liquid crystal combined display is further improved.
From the above embodiments, the wide temperature range liquid crystal composition provided by the present invention has large optical anisotropy, low viscosity, large elastic constant, high resistivity, suitable optical anisotropy, good low temperature intersolubility, and excellent light stability and thermal stability, and can reduce the response time of the liquid crystal display, thereby solving the problem of slow response speed of the liquid crystal display. Therefore, the liquid crystal composition provided by the invention is suitable for TN, IPS and FFS type TFT liquid crystal display devices with fast response, is especially suitable for wide-temperature liquid crystal display devices, and is especially suitable for vehicle-mounted liquid crystal displays.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (3)
1. A wide temperature liquid crystal composition with large optical anisotropy is characterized in that: the liquid crystal composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
or the liquid crystal composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
or the liquid crystal composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
or the liquid crystal composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
or the liquid crystal composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
or the liquid crystal composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2. use of the liquid crystal composition of claim 1 in a liquid crystal display, which is a TN, TPS or FFS mode display.
3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that: the liquid crystal display is a vehicle-mounted liquid crystal display.
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