CN107394237B

CN107394237B - Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack

Info

Publication number: CN107394237B
Application number: CN201610325971.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁耀彰; 王夷飞
Original assignee: University of Hong Kong HKU
Current assignee: University of Hong Kong HKU
Priority date: 2016-05-17
Filing date: 2016-05-17
Publication date: 2020-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-17
Also published as: CN107394237A

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell unit and a fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel cell stack comprises a gas chamber with an opening at one end, and the side wall of the gas chamber is provided with a gas window; a fuel cartridge having an open end, the fuel cartridge being inserted into the gas chamber and defining a fuel accommodating space with the gas chamber; an electrolyte through hole communicating with the fuel accommodating space; the fuel cell unit comprises a first electrode bearing layer, a flow channel layer with a fluid through hole and a second electrode bearing layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the first electrode bearing layer and the second electrode bearing layer are respectively provided with a first window and a second window which correspond to the fluid through hole, and the second electrode bearing layer is also provided with a first electrolyte inlet and a first electrolyte outlet which are communicated with the fluid through hole; the first window of the fuel cell unit is in communication with the gas window. The fuel cell stack of the invention reduces the cost and improves the safety performance.

Description

Fuel cell unit and fuel cell stack

Technical Field

The present invention relates to battery devices, and in particular to fuel cells.

Background

The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is a cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by using hydrogen (fuel) as a reducing agent and oxygen as an oxidizing agent. It has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, large capacity, high specific energy, wide power range, no need of charging, etc.

The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte plate sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. When the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is operated, hydrogen is supplied to the anode, while oxygen (or air) is supplied to the cathode. The hydrogen gas is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons by the action of a catalyst on the negative electrode. The hydrogen ions enter the electrolyte and the electrons move along an external circuit to the positive electrode. At the positive electrode, the oxygen and hydrogen ions in the electrolyte absorb to reach the electrons on the positive electrode to form water. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells are "generators" that utilize the reverse reaction of the electrolysis of water.

The electrolyte plate in the existing hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell usually adopts an ion exchange membrane. Because the price of the ion exchange membrane is high, the competitiveness of the ion exchange membrane in the application of low-power electric appliances is far lower than that of a lithium ion battery. In order to maintain the normal operation of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen gas is continuously supplied. Storage of hydrogen gas increases costs and increases risks because hydrogen gas is flammable and explosive.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell unit, including:

the electrode structure comprises a first electrode bearing layer, a flow channel layer and a second electrode bearing layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the flow channel layer is provided with a fluid through hole, the first electrode bearing layer and the second electrode bearing layer are respectively provided with a first window and a second window corresponding to the fluid through hole, and the second electrode bearing layer is also provided with a first electrolyte inlet and a first electrolyte outlet which are communicated with the fluid through hole;

a negative electrode embedded in the first window; and

a positive electrode embedded in the second window;

wherein the negative electrode, the fluid through-hole and the positive electrode define an ion exchange space for accommodating an electrolyte.

Preferably, the fuel cell unit further includes: the first sealing layer is closely attached to the first electrode bearing layer and provided with a third window corresponding to the first window; and the second sealing layer is tightly attached to the second electrode bearing layer and is provided with a fourth window corresponding to the second window, and a second electrolyte inlet and a second electrolyte outlet which are respectively communicated with the first electrolyte inlet and the first electrolyte outlet.

Preferably, the fuel cell unit further includes: the first fixing layer is closely attached to the first sealing layer and provided with a fifth window corresponding to the first window; and the second fixed layer is tightly attached to the second sealing layer and is provided with a sixth window corresponding to the second window, and a third electrolyte inlet and a third electrolyte outlet which are respectively communicated with the second electrolyte inlet and the second electrolyte outlet.

Preferably, the first fixing layer, the first sealing layer, the first electrode bearing layer, the flow channel layer, the second electrode bearing layer, the second sealing layer and the second fixing layer all have a plurality of bolt holes which are the same in number and aligned one by one.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a fuel cell stack including:

the gas chamber is provided with an opening at one end, and the side wall of the gas chamber is provided with a gas window;

a fuel cartridge having an open end, the fuel cartridge being inserted into the gas chamber and defining a fuel accommodating space with the gas chamber;

an electrolyte through hole communicating with the fuel accommodating space; and

the fuel cell unit as described above, which is fixed to the side wall of the gas chamber, and the first window of the fuel cell unit communicates with the gas window.

Preferably, the gas chamber has a port portion, the fuel cartridge has a port portion, and the port portion of the fuel cartridge has a collar adapted to an inner surface of the port portion of the gas chamber.

Preferably, the gas chamber has a top plate provided opposite to a port portion thereof, and the electrolyte through hole is located on the top plate.

Preferably, the electrolyte through hole is located on a side wall of the fuel cartridge.

Preferably, the fuel cell stack further comprises an electrolyte reservoir located on the fuel gas chamber and used for storing electrolyte, and the electrolyte reservoir is provided with a gas pressure balance hole and an outlet for discharging the electrolyte from the electrolyte reservoir.

Preferably, the fuel cartridge further comprises a partition plate for dividing the fuel cartridge into a plurality of sub-receiving spaces, the partition plate having a flow hole through which the electrolyte can sequentially flow through each of the sub-receiving spaces after flowing in from the electrolyte through-hole.

Preferably, the fuel cartridge defines a storage space disposed opposite to the port portion thereof, the storage space being for containing the electrolyte and the compressed gas, and the side wall of the fuel cartridge further has an outlet communicating with the storage space.

The fuel cell unit of the invention omits an ion exchange membrane with high price, thereby reducing the cost.

The fuel cell stack of the invention can be used for preparing hydrogen on site without complex hydrogen storage equipment. The cost is reduced and the safety performance is improved.

Drawings

Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the fuel cell unit shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell unit shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a gas chamber in the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4, viewed obliquely from below and upward.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a graph of the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 8 is a graph of the discharge of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4 at different concentrations of electrolyte.

Figure 9 is a graph of the discharge of the fuel cell stack of figure 4 at different flow rates of electrolyte.

Fig. 10 is a graph of discharge current using aluminum foils of different shapes.

Fig. 11 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is an operational schematic of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a graph of discharge curves of the fuel cell stacks shown in fig. 4 and 12 under the same test conditions.

Fig. 15 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of a fuel cartridge of a fuel cell stack according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail by embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell unit 10 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and includes a first fixing layer 11, a first sealing layer 12, a first electrode supporting layer 13, a flow channel layer 14, a second electrode supporting layer 15, a second sealing layer 16, a second fixing layer 17, a negative electrode 18 (see fig. 2), and a positive electrode 19, which are stacked in this order and closely attached together.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the fuel cell unit shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, the flow channel layer 14 in the middle of the fuel cell unit 10 is made of a silicone membrane having a thickness of 0.5 mm, and includes a fluid through hole 141 in the center and six bolt holes 144 around the fluid through hole 141.

The first and second electrode-carrying

layers

13, 15 on opposite sides of the flow channel layer 14 are made of plexiglass having a thickness of 0.5 mm. The first and second

electrode bearing layers

13 and 15 have a first window 131 and a second window 151, respectively, at the center thereof corresponding to the fluid through hole 141. The negative electrode 18 has a shape adapted to the shape of the first window 131 and adapted to be embedded in the first window 131, and the positive electrode 19 has a shape adapted to the shape of the second window 151 and adapted to be embedded in the second window 151 (see fig. 3). The first and second

electrode carrying layers

13, 15 have six bolt holes 134 and six bolt holes 154, respectively, aligned one-to-one with the six bolt holes 144 of the flow channel layer 14. Wherein the second electrode-carrying layer 15 further has a first electrolyte inlet 152 and a first electrolyte outlet 153 on opposite sides of the second window 151.

The first and second sealing layers 12 and 16 are made of silicone film having a thickness of 0.5 mm, and have a third window 121 corresponding to the first window 131 and a fourth window 161 corresponding to the second window 151 at the centers thereof, respectively. The first and second seal layers 12, 16 have six bolt holes 124 and six bolt holes 164, respectively, that are aligned one-to-one with the six bolt holes 144 of the flow field layer 14. Wherein second sealant layer 16 also has a second electrolyte inlet 162 and a second electrolyte outlet 163.

The outermost first and second fixing layers 11 and 17 of the fuel cell unit 10 are made of organic glass having a thickness of 1 mm, and have at their centers a fifth window 111 corresponding to the first window 131 and a sixth window 171 corresponding to the second window 151, respectively. The second fixed layer also has a third electrolyte inlet 172 and a third electrolyte outlet 173.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell unit shown in fig. 1, the cross-section (not shown) of which is perpendicular to the second fixed layer 17 and passes through a third electrolyte inlet 172 and a third electrolyte outlet 173. As shown in fig. 3, the first, second and

third electrolyte inlets

152, 162 and 172 are aligned one by one and communicate with the fluid through-hole 141. The first, second and

third electrolyte outlets

153, 163 and 173 are aligned one by one and communicate with the fluid through-hole 141. The negative and

positive electrodes

18 and 19 on opposite sides of the flow channel layer 14 and the fluid through-holes 141 define ion exchange spaces 142 for receiving electrolyte. When the electrolyte flows into the ion exchange space 142 from the third, second and

first electrolyte inlets

172, 162 and 152 in sequence in the direction indicated by the thin arrow toward the right, and then flows out from the first, second and

third electrolyte outlets

153, 163 and 173 in sequence in the direction indicated by the thin arrow toward the left. Since the first and second sealing layers 12 and 16 are closely attached to the first and second

electrode supporting layers

13 and 15, respectively, the electrolyte in the ion exchange space 142 is prevented from flowing out from both sides. The electrolyte that is now micro-flowed in the ion exchange space 142 replaces the ion exchange membrane in a conventional fuel cell. When hydrogen diffuses to the negative electrode 18 in the direction indicated by the thick arrow toward the left and air (oxygen in the air) diffuses to the positive electrode 19 in the direction indicated by the thick arrow toward the right, the generated electric energy is outputted by the negative conductive silver foil 181 electrically connected to the negative electrode 18 and the positive conductive silver foil 191 electrically connected to the positive electrode 19. Therefore, the fuel cell unit 10 of the present invention does not need to use an expensive ion exchange membrane, and the cost is reduced.

The fuel cell unit 10 of the present invention further includes bolts equal in number to the bolt holes, and the fuel cell unit 10 can be easily fixed at a desired position by inserting the bolts into the bolt holes. The first and second fixing layers 11 and 17 disposed at the outermost sides of the fuel cell unit 10 can prevent the bolts from damaging the first, flow channel, and second electrode support layers 13, 14, and 15 therebetween, and in other embodiments, the fuel cell unit may not have the first and second fixing layers 11 and 17.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the number of bolt holes of the first fixing layer 11, the first sealing layer 12, the first electrode bearing layer 13, the flow channel layer 14, the second electrode bearing layer 15, the second sealing layer 16, and the second fixing layer 17 may be more or less than 6.

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a gas chamber in the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4, viewed obliquely from below and upward. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the fuel cell stack 20 includes a gas chamber 21 having a cylindrical shape, six fuel cell units 10 fixed to six side walls 211 of the gas chamber 21 by bolts (not shown in fig. 4), and a fuel cartridge 22 defining a reactant-accommodating space 223 for accommodating a reactant (e.g., aluminum foil) and an electrolyte. The gas chamber 21 is open at one end and has a port portion 213 and a top plate 212 disposed opposite the port portion 213. The top plate 212 has an electrolyte passage hole 2121. Each side wall 211 has a gas window 2111 and six bolt holes 2112 around the gas window 2111. The bolt holes 2112 are aligned one by one with those of the fuel cell unit 10, so that the fuel cell unit 10 can be easily fixed to the side wall 211 of the gas chamber 21 by means of bolts. The fuel cartridge 22 has an opening at one end and a port 221. The port portion 221 of the fuel cartridge 22 has a collar 222 fitted to the inner surface of the port portion 213 of the gas chamber 21. When the male ring 222 is fitted into the port portion 213 of the gas chamber 21, the gas chamber 21 is brought into close-fitting connection with the fuel cartridge 22 while defining a fuel accommodating space 2221 (see fig. 6) for accommodating the reactant and hydrogen generated from the reactant.

Fig. 6 is an operational schematic of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4, wherein fig. 6 shows only one fuel cell unit 10. As shown in fig. 6, a certain amount of aluminum foil is placed on the bottom of the fuel cartridge 22 embedded in the gas chamber 21. The electrolyte is delivered into the ion exchange space 142 at a flow rate by a peristaltic pump or a constant flow pump (not shown in fig. 6), and then flows into the fuel accommodating space 2221 through the electrolyte through-hole 2121 on the top plate 212. The electrolyte flowing into the fuel cartridge 22 reacts with the aluminum foil in the reactant-receiving space 223 to generate hydrogen gas. The generated hydrogen gas diffuses to the negative electrode 18 through the fuel gas window 2111 and undergoes an oxidation reaction, while (oxygen in) air diffuses to the positive electrode 19 and undergoes a reduction reaction, thereby generating electric energy.

The fuel cell stack 20 of the present invention can produce hydrogen on-site without the need for complex hydrogen storage equipment. The cost is reduced and the safety performance is improved.

Fig. 7 is a graph of the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4. The electrolyte was a 3M (mol/l) NaOH solution, and the flow rate of the electrolyte was 100. mu.l/min. As can be seen from fig. 7, the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell unit gradually increases from zero, and after 80 seconds, the open circuit voltage of 6 volts is continuously and stably outputted, so that the fuel cell stack of the present invention generates electric power at a high speed.

Fig. 8 is a graph of the discharge of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4 at different concentrations of electrolyte. Wherein the flow rates of the electrolytes were all 100. mu.l/min. As can be seen from fig. 8, the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell unit 10 was close to 6 volts at 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M and 5M NaOH solutions, and the fuel cell unit 10 had the maximum discharge power, i.e., 530 milliwatts, at 2M NaOH solution.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing the discharge of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 4 at different flow rates of electrolyte, wherein the concentration of the electrolyte is 2M. As can be seen from fig. 9, the open circuit voltage of the fuel cell unit 10 at electrolyte flow rates of 25, 50, 100 and 200 μ l/min is close to 6 volts, and the fuel cell unit 10 has the maximum discharge power at an electrolyte flow rate of 100 μ l/min.

Fig. 10 is a graph of discharge current using aluminum foils of different shapes, in which the electrolyte is a 3M NaOH solution with a flow rate of 100 microliters per minute. The dotted line is a graph of the discharge current at a discharge voltage of 3 volts for a piece of folded aluminum foil (mass total 0.1 g), and the solid line is a graph of the discharge current at a discharge voltage of 3 volts for a plurality of pieces of aluminum foil (mass total 0.1 g). As can be seen from fig. 10, the discharge capacity of the aluminum foils of different shapes is substantially the same, and the discharge per gram of aluminum is equal to about 1 watt-hour. The fuel cell stack has low requirement on the purity of the aluminum material, can use aluminum products such as pop-top cans, kitchen aluminum foil paper and the like to prepare hydrogen on site, realizes the reutilization of the aluminum products, and has low cost. In addition, since the fuel cell stack 20 of the present invention does not require the storage of hydrogen, the cost and risk of storing hydrogen is reduced.

Fig. 11 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack 30 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is substantially the same as fig. 4 except that the electrolyte through-hole 321 is located on the side wall of the fuel cartridge 32 (not the top plate 312 of the gas chamber 31). The electrolyte flows into the fuel cartridge 32 through the electrolyte through-holes 321 and reacts with an aluminum foil (not shown in fig. 11) therein to generate hydrogen gas. The operation principle is the same as that of the fuel cell stack 20, and the description thereof is omitted.

The present invention is not intended to limit the specific position of the electrolyte through-hole as long as the electrolyte through-hole communicates with the fuel accommodating space. In other embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte through hole may be located on a sidewall of the gas chamber.

Fig. 12 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Which is substantially the same as fig. 11 except that the fuel cell stack 40 further includes an electrolyte reservoir 43 in the shape of a column on the ceiling 412 of the gas chamber 41. The upper end surface 433 of the electrolyte reservoir 43 has a gas pressure equalizing hole 431, and the side surface 434 thereof has a discharge port 432.

Fig. 13 is an operational schematic of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 12. The electrolyte in the electrolyte storage tank 43 flows out from the discharge port 432 by its gravity, flows through the ion exchange space 142 of the fuel cell 10, flows into the fuel cartridge 42 through the electrolyte through-holes 421 of the fuel cartridge 42, and reacts with the aluminum foil in the fuel cartridge 42 to generate hydrogen gas. The generated hydrogen gas diffuses to the negative electrode 18 and an oxidation reaction occurs, while air (oxygen gas in) diffuses to the positive electrode 19 and a reduction reaction occurs, thereby generating electric energy.

Fig. 14 is a graph of discharge curves of the fuel cell stacks shown in fig. 4 and 12 under the same test conditions. The electrolyte was 2M NaOH and the flow rates were 50. mu.l/min. It can be seen from fig. 14 that the discharge performance of the two fuel cell stacks is similar. The fuel cell stack 40 only needs to adjust the flow rate of the electrolyte through a micro valve (not shown in fig. 12) without adding a peristaltic pump or a constant flow pump, thereby reducing the equipment cost.

Fig. 15 is an exploded view of a fuel cell stack according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Which is substantially the same as fig. 13 except that the fuel cartridge 52 of the fuel cell stack 50 further includes six separators 524 that intersect with each other. Six partitions 524 divide a reactant-receiving space 523 defined by the fuel cartridge 52 into six adjacent sub-receiving spaces 525. The electrolyte first flows into one of the sub-receiving spaces 525 through the electrolyte through-hole 521 and reacts with the aluminum foil (not shown in fig. 15) therein to generate hydrogen gas. And then flows into the adjacent other sub-receiving space 525 through the flow holes 526 of the partition plate 524 in sequence and reacts with the aluminum foil therein to generate hydrogen gas until it flows into the last sub-receiving space 525.

The fuel cartridge 52 of the present embodiment is used as 6 independent fuel cartridges, so that the fuel cartridge does not need to be replaced manually during the use process, and the use is convenient.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cartridge 52 may have more or less than 6 partitions.

In another embodiment of the invention, the partition boards are arranged in parallel, or the middle of the plurality of partition boards is parallel, and the other part of the partition boards are intersected.

The present invention is not intended to limit the number, arrangement and number of the flow holes of the separators as long as the electrolyte can flow through each of the sub-receiving spaces in sequence.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of a fuel cartridge of a fuel cell stack according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The fuel cartridge 62 is substantially the same as the fuel cartridge 42 of fig. 12 except that the bottom of the fuel cartridge 62 defines a storage space 624 for containing electrolyte and compressed gas, and the side wall of the fuel cartridge 62 further has an outlet 627 communicating with the storage space 624.

When power generation is required, the outlet 627 is opened, for example, by a micro valve (not shown in fig. 16), and the electrolyte flows out from the outlet 627 under the force of the compressed gas, flows through the ion exchange space 142 of the fuel cell unit (not shown in fig. 16), and finally flows into the reactant-accommodating space 623 of the fuel cartridge 62 through the electrolyte passage 621. Reacts with the aluminum foil to generate hydrogen gas, which in turn diffuses from the sponge 625 and carbon paper 626 thereon to the negative electrode of the fuel cell unit (not shown in fig. 16).

In this embodiment, the sponge 625 above the aluminum foil is used to absorb and hold the electrolyte and the reaction solution, on the one hand, and to press the aluminum foil against the bottom of the reactant-containing space 623, on the other hand. Carbon paper on the surface of the sponge 625 secures the sponge 625 and aluminum foil in the reactant-containing space 623. The fuel cell stack using the fuel cartridge 62 described above does not require the use of an electrolyte driving device (e.g., a peristaltic pump or a constant flow pump), thereby saving costs. In addition, the sponge and the carbon paper prevent the electrolyte and/or the reaction liquid in the reactant-containing space 623 from flowing out of the reactant-containing space 623, and thus there is no limitation on the manner in which the fuel cartridge 62 is placed during use.

Although the present invention has been described by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell unit, comprising:

a negative electrode embedded in the first window; and

a positive electrode embedded in the second window;

2. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell unit according to claim 1, further comprising:

the first sealing layer is closely attached to the first electrode bearing layer and provided with a third window corresponding to the first window; and

and the second sealing layer is tightly attached to the second electrode bearing layer and is provided with a fourth window corresponding to the second window, and a second electrolyte inlet and a second electrolyte outlet which are respectively communicated with the first electrolyte inlet and the first electrolyte outlet.

3. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell unit according to claim 2, further comprising:

the first fixing layer is closely attached to the first sealing layer and provided with a fifth window corresponding to the first window; and

and the second fixed layer is tightly attached to the second sealing layer and provided with a sixth window corresponding to the second window, and a third electrolyte inlet and a third electrolyte outlet which are respectively communicated with the second electrolyte inlet and the second electrolyte outlet.

4. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell unit according to claim 3, wherein the first fixing layer, the first sealing layer, the first electrode-carrying layer, the flow channel layer, the second electrode-carrying layer, the second sealing layer and the second fixing layer all have a plurality of bolt holes in the same number and aligned one to one.

5. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, comprising:

the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell unit as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is fixed to the side wall of the gas chamber, and the first window of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell unit communicates with the gas window.

6. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gas chamber has a port portion, the fuel cartridge has a port portion, and the port portion of the fuel cartridge has a collar adapted to an inner side surface of the port portion of the gas chamber.

7. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein the gas chamber has a ceiling disposed opposite to a port portion thereof, and the electrolyte through-hole is located on the ceiling.

8. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein the electrolyte through-holes are located on the side walls of the fuel cartridges.

9. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack according to claim 8 further comprising an electrolyte reservoir on said fuel gas chamber for storing electrolyte, said electrolyte reservoir having a gas pressure equalization hole and an exhaust port for discharging said electrolyte from said electrolyte reservoir.

10. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack according to claim 9 wherein said fuel cartridge further comprises a partition plate for partitioning said fuel cartridge into a plurality of sub-receiving spaces, said partition plate having a flow-through hole through which the electrolyte can flow sequentially through each of said sub-receiving spaces after flowing in from said electrolyte through-hole.

11. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack according to claim 8 wherein the fuel cartridge defines a storage space disposed opposite to the port portion thereof for containing the electrolyte and the compressed gas, the side wall of the fuel cartridge further having an outlet communicating with the storage space.