CN107389548A - The method for early prediction and siliqua of oilseed rape shade of a kind of yield of rape - Google Patents
The method for early prediction and siliqua of oilseed rape shade of a kind of yield of rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN107389548A CN107389548A CN201710654154.6A CN201710654154A CN107389548A CN 107389548 A CN107389548 A CN 107389548A CN 201710654154 A CN201710654154 A CN 201710654154A CN 107389548 A CN107389548 A CN 107389548A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for early prediction of yield of rape, comprise the following steps:(1) rape identical with rape variety to be measured, growing way is consistent is chosen as model sample, the fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of the silique of collection model sample, characteristic parameter of the extraction fluorescence parameter as model sample;(2) after the silique harvest of model sample, the kernel weight of silique, the yield values as the model sample are weighed;(3) according to the characteristic parameter and yield values of extraction, select and train suitable machine learning regression model, obtain Quantitative Prediction Model;(4) the fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of the silique of rape to be measured is gathered, extracts characteristic parameter, according to the characteristic parameter and Quantitative Prediction Model of rape to be measured, carries out the early prediction of yield of rape to be measured.The invention also discloses siliqua of oilseed rape shade.The method for early prediction of yield of rape of the present invention can carry out early prediction in the siliqua of oilseed rape phase to yield of rape, and prediction result is reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chlorophyll fluorescence techniques field, more particularly to a kind of yield of rape based on chlorophyll fluorescence techniques
Method for early prediction and siliqua of oilseed rape shade.
Background technology
As China's planting scale maximum, the important oil crops quickly grown, the rapeseed oil produced contains rich rape
Rich aliphatic acid and vitamin, is one of main edible oil in China.The silique phase is the pass of nutrient accumulation in the growth of rape stage
Key period, the period blade largely come off, and silique turns into main photosynthetic organs, can absorb about 80% effective incident light, seed
There is 2/3 photosynthate for coming from silique in the Filling material of grain.Therefore, the photosynthesis characteristics of silique have weight for yield of rape
The indicative significance wanted.
Responsive probe of the chlorophyll fluorescence techniques as photosynthetical system state, it is that one kind can diagnose the photosynthetic property of live plant
The activity such as effective ways, absorption, transmission, dissipation, distribution to luminous energy during photosynthesis of plant of energy has obvious inspection
Survey advantage, by the analysis to fluorescence intensity change, the change of each reactiveness in photosynthesis can be understood indirectly, and be not required to
Want any Sample pretreatment to operate, detection process is simple, it is quick, to plant not damaged.Plant Efficiency analyzer is as conventional
Chlorophyll fluorescence detection device, multiple chlorophyll fluorescence ginsengs can be obtained with complete determination fluorescence inductionkinetics curve
Number, and then understand the photochemical reaction states such as absorption and conversion, the transmission of energy and the distribution of luminous energy in plant photosynthesis system.Light
An important factor for cooperation is with being decision grain yield of rapeseed, therefore can be associated with yield by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, by more
Individual chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are predicted analysis to yield.
Furthermore, it is contemplated that the dark adaptation leaf folder that detection device is equipped with relatively is applied to laminar blade, rape is not particularly suited for
This kind of elongate of silique, inside two carpels the fruit of raw multiple seeds.Plant Efficiency analyzer can not with mantle lobe folder
Silique surface is clamped completely, ambient can be irradiated from fine crack into the dark adaptation region in leaf folder, cause region to be measured secretly to be fitted
Not thoroughly it should influence Detection results.And to cause leaf to be clipped in extremely unstable in clamping process for the contour structures of silique, visited with detection
Head easily occurs dislocation, even dropped situation when being connected, has had a strong impact on accuracy in detection and detection efficiency.Therefore, design
The shade of siliqua of oilseed rape dark adaptation is gone out targetedly to be applied to, to realize silique fluorescence inductionkinetics song
The accurate detection of line.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method for early prediction of yield of rape, and yield of rape is carried out based on chlorophyll fluorescence techniques
Early prediction.
A kind of method for early prediction of yield of rape, comprises the following steps:
(1) rape identical with rape variety to be measured, growing way is consistent is chosen as model sample, the angle of collection model sample
The fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of fruit, extract characteristic parameter of several fluorescence parameters as model sample;
(2) after the silique harvest of model sample, the kernel weight of silique, the yield values as the model sample are weighed;
(3) according to the characteristic parameter and yield values of extraction, select and train suitable machine learning regression model, determined
Measure forecast model;
(4) the fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of the silique of rape to be measured is gathered, characteristic parameter is extracted, according to be measured
The characteristic parameter and Quantitative Prediction Model of rape, carry out the early prediction of yield of rape to be measured.
The method for early prediction of the yield of rape of the present invention is based on chlorophyll fluorescence techniques, can be in the siliqua of oilseed rape phase to rape
Yield carries out early prediction.
In step (1) and step (3), in the silique phase of rape, the silique in the middle part of rape main inflorescence is selected as detection pair
As gathering its fluorescence inductionkinetics curve.
Preferably, during the fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of collection siliqua of oilseed rape, the feux rouges using wavelength as 650nm
As exciting light, the light intensity of the exciting light is 1950~3000 μm of olm-2.s-1, opened under the irradiation of exciting light from 10 μ s
Begin record fluorescence inductionkinetics curve, a length of 2s during record.
In order to reduce error, to each model sample, the fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of multiple siliques is gathered, is taken
Chlorophyll fluorescence information of its average value as the model sample.
According to the fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of model sample, extracting several fluorescence parameters, (JIP-test joins
Number) characteristic parameter as the model sample.
Preferably, described fluorescence parameter is 34, respectively F0、Fk、FJ、FI、Fp、Area、FV、Sm、F50μs、
M0、VJ、VI、ABS/RC、TR0/RC、ET0/RC、RE0/RC、RC/ABS、KP/KN、PIABS、WK、ψ0、FV/FM、RE0/ABS、DI0/RC、RC/CS、ABS/CS0、TR0/CS0、ET0/CS0、DI0/CS0。
Each fluorescence parameter (JIP-test parameters) has specific physical significance, such as F0After expression dark adaptation most
Small fluorescence quantum yield, FkRepresent fluorescence intensity level, the F of (300 μ s) at K pointsJRepresent fluorescence intensity level, the F of (2ms) at J pointsIRepresent I
Fluorescence intensity level, the F of (30ms) at pointpRepresent fluorescence quantum yield when all reaction centers completely close,Represent to reach fluorescence
Time, Area needed for intensity peak represent the volume of PS II receptoires, FVThe photochemical maximum electron productions of expression PS II,
SmRepresent PS II by side electron transit mediator number, F50μsRepresent fluorescence intensity level corresponding during 50 μ s, M0Represent chlorophyll
The initial slope of fluorescence induction kinetics curve, VJRepresent quantity, the V of closing reaction centerIRepresent electronics by QA- to QBTransmit
The heterogeneity in middle PQ storehouses,Represent PSII maximal photochemistry efficiencies, ABS/RC represent the systemic luminous energy of unit reaction center,
TR0/ RC represents the energy of reaction center capture, ET0/ RC represents the energy for electron transmission, RE0/ RC is represented in unit reaction
The heart be delivered to electronics chain end luminous energy,Represent the energy for electron transmission be successfully delivered to electronics chain end efficiency,Represent to be represented to absorb a light quantum needs by the quantum yield of side terminal electron acceptor, RC/ABS for reducing PSI
The number of reaction center, KP/KNRepresent ratio, the PIABS of photochemical reaction speed constant and non-photochemical reaction speed constant
Represent photosynthetic performance index, the W based on absorbing luminous energyKRepresent variable fluorescence FkAccount for FJ-F0The ratio of amplitude, ψ0Represent capture
Exciton by electron transmission into electron transport chain more than QAOther electron acceptors probability,Represent to be used for electron transmission
Quantum yield, FV/FMRepresent PSII maximal photochemistry efficiencies, RE0The quantum yield of/ABS expression PSI ends acceptor reduction,
DI0/ RC represents that unit reaction center is used for the energy of heat dissipation, RC/CS represents the active PSII reactions of unit reaction center
The quantity at center, ABS/CS0Represent energy, TR that unit reaction center absorbs0/CS0Represent the energy of unit reaction center capture
Amount, ET0/CS0Represent that unit reaction center is used for energy, the DI of electron transmission0/CS0Represent the energy of unit reaction center heat dissipation
Amount.
The green plants of different cultivars, generally there is some difference for its photosynthetic performance, so as to cause the photochemical of photosynthetical system
Learn the change of the relevant parameter numerical value such as efficiency, the efficiency of light energy utilization and Electron Transport Activities.For the siliqua of oilseed rape of different cultivars, have
Necessity is filtered out from numerous fluorescence parameters to predicting effective characteristic variable, reduces data dimension.
Preferably, in step (1), 10 fluorescence parameters are filtered out by random forests algorithm and are used as characteristic parameter.If
Put the decision tree number that random forest is taken be 20, decision tree depth capacity be 4, consider that all characteristics are divided, lead to
Cross whether entropy decision node continues to divide.
Dimensionality reduction is carried out to the fluorescence parameter information of higher-dimension, to strengthen the generalization ability of Quantitative Prediction Model.
Described characteristic parameter is followed successively by by importance ranking:M0、FI、Wk、VJ、ABS/RC、Ψ0、FV/FM、ET0/
RC、PIABS;
FIFor 30ms when corresponding fluorescence intensity level;
MO=4 × (FJ-FO)/(FM-FO), wherein:FO、FJ、FMFluorescence respectively corresponding to 20 μ s, 2ms and peak of curve
Intensity level;
WK=(FK-FO)/(Fj-FO), wherein:FKFor the fluorescence intensity level corresponding to 300 μ s;
VJ=(FJ-FO)/(FM-FO);
ABS/RC=(MO/VJ)/[1-(FO/FM)];
ψO=1-VJ;
FV/Fm=1- (FO/FM);
ETO/ RC=(MO/VJ)/[1-VJ];
Preferably, in step (3), described machine learning regression model is SVMs.
SVMs is built upon in the VC dimensions theory and Structural risk minization basis of Statistical Learning Theory, root
According to limited sample information in the complexity (the study precision i.e. to specific training sample) of model and learning ability (i.e. inerrancy
Ground identifies the ability of arbitrary sample) between seek best compromise, in the hope of obtaining best Generalization Ability.
It is further preferred that in step (3), after obtaining Quantitative Prediction Model, using grid search cross-validation method to fixed
Measure forecast model and carry out parameter optimization.
Parameter optimization is carried out to Quantitative Prediction Model, improves the precision of prediction of Quantitative Prediction Model.
When carrying out chlorophyll fluorescence information gathering to siliqua of oilseed rape, it is necessary to first carry out advance dark treatment to silique, by
Silique surface can not be clamped completely with sheet blade, dark adaptation leaf folder in silique is different, ambient can be irradiated from fine crack into
Dark adaptation region in leaf folder, causes region dark adaptation to be measured not thorough, Detection results is influenceed, for the technical problem, this hair
It is bright to also disclose a kind of siliqua of oilseed rape shade, including:
Shading shell, including the first housing and the second housing mutually fastened, the inner space of shading shell are used to place
Silique;
Highly dense foam-rubber cushion, it is filled in shading shell, for wrapping up silique;
Detection mouth, it is opened on the first housing, silique is entered for receiving the exciting light that detection device detection probe is sent
Row detection;
Shading slide plate, it is slidably arranged on the first housing, for turning off or on detection mouth;
Positioning disk, it is arranged at detection mouth, the detection probe for be connected shading shell and detection device.
The shading shell of the siliqua of oilseed rape shade of the present invention is more than the cylinder of silique size for diameter, and being divided into can be right
Semi-open first housing and the second housing, ensure that silique center section can be sandwiched into shade completely, and highly dense sea
Silk floss pad is fully wrapped around by silique, realizes the complete dark adaptation in the region.
Preferably, described shading shell is made of black pvc (PVC).
Polyvinyl chloride density is small, and manufactured shade is in light weight, avoids during dark adaptation because silique bears not living
The weight of shade and fracture, sustain an injury, and reflected light is not produced using black.
Described shading slide plate is made of metallic aluminium.
During for dark adaptation, shading slide plate is pushed into block ambient above detection mouth, ensured at silique region to be measured
In dark adaptation environment;When being detected for chlorophyll fluorescence, shading slide plate is pushed open, detection mouth is opened, makes the detection of detection device
Probe face detection mouth, the photosynthetical system in the light source transmitting saturation photoactivation silique region to be measured built in detection probe, so as to obtain
Take fluorescence inductionkinetics curve.
Positioning disk is arranged at the detection mouth of the first housing, and the positioning hole on positioning disk is corresponding with detection mouth.
Highly dense sponge ring is provided with positioning disk, positioning disk is connected by highly dense sponge ring with the first housing.
Highly dense sponge ring is set between positioning disk and the first housing, and the light that can prevent from launching in detection probe is shining
Light leak occurs during penetrating.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the method for early prediction of yield of rape of the invention using random forest method to higher-dimension
Dimensionality reduction is carried out, larger optimal subset is acted on siliqua of oilseed rape production forecast so as to filter out, makes the oil established on that subset
The amount of calculation of the Quantitative Prediction Model of dish yield substantially reduces, and its prediction effect remains unchanged or even improved;
(2) method for early prediction of yield of rape of the invention can detect the chlorophyll fluorescence letter of silique in the siliqua of oilseed rape phase
Number, extract effective fluorescence parameter and establish Quantitative Prediction Model, so as to realize the early prediction of yield of rape, prediction result is reliable;
(3) siliqua of oilseed rape shade of the invention is directed to the unique texture of silique, can using packaging type cylinder design
Abundant dark adaptation is wherein carried out so that elongated silique to be sandwiched in, ensures the accuracy of fluoroscopic examination result, and it is variant for size
Siliqua of oilseed rape it is applicable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of siliqua of oilseed rape shade of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of shading shell;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of positioning disk.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it should be pointed out that reality as described below
Apply example to be intended to be easy to the understanding of the present invention, and do not play any restriction effect to it.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of siliqua of oilseed rape shade, including:Shading shell 1, it is filled in shading shell 1
For wrapping up highly dense foam-rubber cushion (not shown), the positioning disk 7 of silique 12.
Shading shell 1 includes the first housing 2 and the second housing 3, and the first housing 2 and the second housing 3 press from both sides 4 by compression spring
Mutually fasten.Detection mouth 5 is offered on first housing 2, the detection probe for detection device enters shading shell inner opposite angle fruit
Detected.Slided on first housing 2 and be provided with shading slide plate 6, for turning off or on detection mouth 5.
As shown in figure 3, be provided with highly dense sponge ring 9 on positioning disk 7, positioning disk 7 offer with detection mouth 5 relative to determine
Position hole 8.
The center of circle using the geometric center of detection mouth 5 as positioning disk 7 carries out installation positioning disk.It is fixed to be provided with first housing 2
Position groove 10, is provided with the locating dowel 11 being engaged corresponding with locating slot 10 on highly dense sponge ring 9, positioning disk 7 passes through locating slot
10 are fixedly connected with locating dowel 11.
The shading shell of the siliqua of oilseed rape shade of the present invention is more than the cylinder of silique size for diameter, and being divided into can be right
Semi-open first housing and the second housing, ensure that silique center section can be sandwiched into shade completely, and highly dense sea
Silk floss pad is fully wrapped around by silique, realizes the complete dark adaptation in the region.
Shading shell 1 is made of black pvc (PVC).Shading slide plate 6 is made of metallic aluminium.
During for dark adaptation, shading slide plate 6 is pushed into the top of detection mouth 5 and blocks ambient, ensures silique region to be measured
In dark adaptation environment;When being detected for chlorophyll fluorescence, shading slide plate 6 is pushed open, detection mouth 5 is opened, makes detection device
Detection probe face detection mouth 5, the photosynthetical system in the light source transmitting saturation photoactivation silique region to be measured built in detection probe, from
And obtain fluorescence inductionkinetics curve.
The early prediction of the yield of rape based on chlorophyll fluorescence techniques, side are realized using above-mentioned siliqua of oilseed rape shade
Method includes:
(1) the different rape variety of yield is selected as research object, and carries out in the silique phase being based on chlorophyll fluorescence skill
The silique yield detection of art:Each kind selects the consistent rape of 100 plants of growing ways respectively, by size in the middle part of every plant of rape main inflorescence
10 consistent siliques carry out dark adaptation processing, dark adaptation using designed silique shade as detection object to it
Time is 20min;
Use silique shade to silique carry out dark adaptation processing method for:
(i) selected target silique is clamped with silique shade, detection mouth is corresponded to the regional location to be measured of silique;
(ii) promote above slide plate to detection mouth, silique region to be measured is in dark surrounds and carry out dark adaptation;
(iii) after 20min, by chlorophyll fluorescence detection means --- the probe of Plant Efficiency analyzer and silique shading
Positioning disk on device is connected, then slide plate is released above detection mouth, enables probe inner light source irradiating and detecting intraoral
Silique region to be measured;
(2) silique is detected using Plant Efficiency analyzer, gathers its fluorescence inductionkinetics curve, had
Body detection parameters are:Using wavelength 650nm feux rouges as exciting light, light intensity is 3000 μm of olm for measurement-2·s-1, during measurement
Between be set to 2s.
Every plant of rape gathers the fluorescence induction kinetics curve of 10 siliques, takes its average value green as the leaf of this plant of rape
Plain fluorescence information;
(3) according to fluorescence induction kinetics calibration curve information, 20 μ s, 2ms, 30ms and the fluorescence corresponding to peak value are extracted respectively
Intensity level, F is defined as successivelyO、FJ、FI、FP(i.e. FM), and JIP-test parameters are extracted according to calculation formula, such as ABS/RC, TRo/
RC、ETo/RC、DIo、DIo/RC、Ψo, RC/CS, PIABS etc., 34 fluorescence parameters altogether, as individual plant rape
Characteristic parameter;
34 fluorescence parameters are screened by random forest method.The decision tree number taken of random forest is set to be
Whether the 20th, decision tree depth capacity is 4, consider that all characteristics are divided, continue to divide by entropy decision node.Screening
Go out 10 fluorescence parameters as characteristic parameter, be followed successively by by importance ranking:Mo、FI、Wk、VJ、ABS/RC、Ψo、FV/
FM、ETo/RC、PIABS;
FIFor 30ms when corresponding fluorescence intensity level;
MO=4 × (FJ-FO)/(FM-FO), wherein:FO、FJ、FMFluorescence respectively corresponding to 20 μ s, 2ms and peak of curve
Intensity level;
WK=(FK-FO)/(Fj-FO), wherein:FKFor the fluorescence intensity level corresponding to 300 μ s;
VJ=(FJ-FO)/(FM-FO);
ABS/RC=(MO/VJ)/[1-(FO/FM)];
ΨO=1-VJ;
FV/Fm=1- (FO/FM);
ETO/ RC=(MO/VJ)/[1-VJ];
(4) after silique harvest, weighing statistics is carried out to the silique kernel weight of individual plant rape, as this plant of rape
Yield values;
(5) input parameter using 10 characteristic variables as model, the yield of rape of different cultivars is as output, to supporting
Vector machine is trained, and establishes the Quantitative Prediction Model of the yield of rape of different cultivars, and use grid search cross-validation method
The optimization of model parameter is carried out, improves the precision of prediction of model;
(6) characteristic parameter of rape to be measured is obtained, is realized according to Quantitative Prediction Model pre- to the early stage of yield of rape to be measured
Survey.
Technical scheme and beneficial effect are described in detail embodiment described above, it should be understood that
The specific embodiment of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all to be done in the spirit of the present invention
Any modification, supplement and equivalent substitution etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for early prediction of yield of rape, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1), rape that growing way consistent identical with rape variety to be measured is chosen as model sample, the silique of collection model sample
Fluorescence inductionkinetics curve, extract characteristic parameter of several fluorescence parameters as model sample;
(2) after the silique harvest of model sample, the kernel weight of silique, the yield values as the model sample are weighed;
(3) according to the characteristic parameter and yield values of extraction, select and train suitable machine learning regression model, obtain quantitatively pre-
Survey model;
(4) the fluorescence inductionkinetics curve of the silique of rape to be measured is gathered, characteristic parameter is extracted, according to rape to be measured
Characteristic parameter and Quantitative Prediction Model, carry out the early prediction of yield of rape to be measured.
2. the method for early prediction of yield of rape according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) and step (3)
In, in the silique phase of rape, select the silique in the middle part of rape main inflorescence that it is dynamic to gather the induction of its chlorophyll fluorescence as detection object
Force diagram.
3. the method for early prediction of yield of rape according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that gather siliqua of oilseed rape
During fluorescence inductionkinetics curve, the feux rouges using wavelength as 650nm is as exciting light, the light intensity of the exciting light
1950~3000 μm of olm-2·s-1, it is bent from 10 μ s start recordings fluorescence inductionkinetics under the irradiation of exciting light
Line, a length of 2s during record.
4. the method for early prediction of yield of rape according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), by random
Forest algorithm filters out 10 fluorescence parameters as characteristic parameter.
5. the method for early prediction of yield of rape according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described characteristic parameter is by weight
The property wanted sequence is followed successively by:M0、FI、Wk、VJ、ABS/RC、Ψ0、FV/FM、ET0/RC、PIABS;
FIFor 30ms when corresponding fluorescence intensity level;
MO=4 × (FJ-FO)/(FM-FO), wherein:FO、FJ、FMFluorescence intensity respectively corresponding to 20 μ s, 2ms and peak of curve
Value;
WK=(FK-FO)/(Fj-FO), wherein:FKFor the fluorescence intensity level corresponding to 300 μ s;
VJ=(FJ-FO)/(FM-FO);
ABS/RC=(MO/VJ)/[1-(FO/FM)];
ΨO=1-VJ;
FV/Fm=1- (FO/FM);
ETO/ RC=(MO/VJ)/[1-VJ];
6. the method for early prediction of yield of rape according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), described machine
Device study regression model is SVMs.
7. the method for early prediction of yield of rape according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in step (3), quantified
After forecast model, parameter optimization is carried out to Quantitative Prediction Model using grid search cross-validation method.
A kind of 8. siliqua of oilseed rape shade, it is characterised in that including:
Shading shell, including the first housing and the second housing mutually fastened, the inner space of shading shell are used to place silique;
Highly dense foam-rubber cushion, it is filled in shading shell, for wrapping up silique;
Detection mouth, it is opened on the first housing, the exciting light that the detection probe for receiving detection device is sent is carried out to silique
Detection;
Shading slide plate, it is slidably arranged on the first housing, for turning off or on detection mouth;
Positioning disk, it is arranged at detection mouth, the detection probe for be connected shading shell and detection device.
9. siliqua of oilseed rape shade according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described shading shell is gathered using black
Vinyl chloride is made.
10. siliqua of oilseed rape shade according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described shading slide plate uses metal
Aluminium is made.
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