CN107389532A - A kind of experimental rig and method for being used to test porous engineering material space distribution characteristics - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig and method for being used to test porous engineering material space distribution characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of experimental rig and method for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution, including fixed mount, water tank, test specimen bucket, water inlet pipe, pulling force sensor, pressure sensor and data collecting system；Water inlet pipe can be stablized at the uniform velocity injects running water to water tank, provided with valve；Water tank is horizontally placed at desktop, and delivery port is provided with below side wall；Fixed mount frame is above water tank, pulling force sensor is perpendicularly fixed at below fixed mount, test specimen bucket is tested for accommodating test specimen, it is placed in by hanging on pulling force sensor above water tank bottom surface, the pressure sensor is fixed on below water tank side wall, and the pulling force sensor is connected with pressure sensor with data collecting system.By testing buoyant weight of the test specimen under different immersion height, the volume that immersion part arranges water can be effectively calculated, so as to obtain the volume of interconnected pore, the method is scientific and effective and operation is easier, whole experimental rig is simple in construction, easy to operation, easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig and method for being used to test porous engineering material space distribution characteristics, belong to work
Journey material monitoring technical field.
Technical background
In the last few years, because the continuous development of material science and technology, many researchs show porous material because of its loose structure
And possess more excellent performance, therefore various porous engineering materials are appeared in engineer applied.For example porous pavements material is got over
Carry out more be used in paving：Porous permeable bricks are used to mat formation and pavement, natural precipitation can pass through earth's surface rapidly, prevent
Only surface gathered water；Porous cement concrete is used to mat formation on the light-duty road surface such as parking lot, park, gymnasium, has and alleviates environment
High temperature, absorb ambient noise；Open grade friction course (OGFC) is used for town road and highway, can reduce tire/road surface and make an uproar
Sound, increase road surface is anti-zoned, reduces driving water smoke etc., and so as to increase the security of driving and comfortableness, and polyurethane rubble mixes
Close material, the fertile material etc. on water-retaining type road surface is all widely used in paving due to the functional character of porous material.Remove
Outside this, porous ceramic film material, porous polymer materials, porous metal material also due to its respective performance advantage and it is extensive
Applied in engineering practice.
And the porous engineering material for more than, its porosity distribution are to influence the most important factor of its performance, pass through
It is the correct effectively premise using porous engineering material and basis that rational test method, which is tested it and understood,.And use at present
In testing porous engineering material, particularly in the method for the pore character of porous pavements material, typically surveyed using vacuum bowssening
Have a try the ensemble average porosity of part, characterize the pore character of test specimen with this, and porous pavements material due to material forms, into
The factor such as type technique and paving process, distribution of pores is simultaneously uneven, and this also has considerable influence to its pavement performance, with single
Mean porosities evaluation porous pavements material pavement performance is not comprehensive enough and science, also have it is less using industrial CT scan to examination
Part carries out 3-D view reconstruct, and the test result is more accurate, but high to equipment requirement, testing time length, and price is very high
It is expensive.Therefore develop a kind of simple and easy, easy to operate, accurate testing experimental rig and propose a kind of evaluation porous material hole
The science parameter of gap distribution characteristics can not only be used for evaluating the road of porous pavements material to characterize the porosity distribution of test specimen
With performance, moreover it is possible to for optimization of mix proportion, improve shaping and construction technology etc..
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind to test porous engineering material using digital measuring equipment
The experimental rig and method of space distribution characteristics, its devices and methods therefor can it is comprehensive, scientifical, be efficiently completed porous material sky
The detection of gap distribution characteristics, can be with overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The technical scheme is that：For testing the experimental rig of porous engineering material porosity distribution, it includes
The fixed mount being placed on water tank, test specimen bucket is connected with by pulling force sensor on fixed mount, test specimen bucket position in water tank,
Water tank enters provided with the water inlet pipe with valve and delivery port, and is provided with pressure sensor, the pull sensing in the bottom of water tank
Device is connected with pressure sensor with data collecting system.
The experimental rig for being previously described for testing porous engineering material porosity distribution is that the water tank is lucite
Cell body processed.
The experimental rig for being previously described for testing porous engineering material porosity distribution is that described test specimen bucket is permeable
Wire netting.
The experimental rig for being previously described for testing porous engineering material porosity distribution is that water tank is long and a width of 400-
500mm, a height of 500-600mm, wall thickness 4-6mm；Basal diameter 180-200mm, the high 250-300mm cylinder of test specimen bucket；
Fixed mount support distance 600-700mm；Delivery port is apart from water tank bottom surface 7mm, and pressure sensor is apart from water tank bottom surface 6mm.
Method for testing porous engineering material porosity distribution experimental rig, comprises the following steps：
S1. test specimen is not put into, to water tank with water, the buoyant weight of test specimen bucket is tested with the change of height of water level, obtains test specimen bucket
The linear coefficient that changes on height of water level of buoyancy, the buoyant weight change for test specimen in experiment eliminates error；Then by water tank
Water discharge, and test specimen bucket is air-dried；
S2. test specimen is put into test specimen bucket, obtains the dry weight of test specimen, keep the vertical center for being placed in test specimen bucket of test specimen
Between, slowly to water tank with water until water level did not had test specimen top surface, pass through and implement monitoring pulling force sensor and water pressure sensor
The data collected, you can obtain buoyant weight of the test specimen under different immersion height；
S3. by derivation and data processing, distribution law of the test specimen interconnected pore rate along short transverse has been obtained, by drilling
Obtained " deviation ratio " evaluates the uniformity of the distribution of pores of test specimen.
Described derivation and data processing be：Test specimen has been collected by data collecting system and has soaked buoyant weight on the time
The change curve of change curve and height of water level on the time, the change flex point of pulling force are the time that water level reaches test specimen bottom surface
Starting point, so as to obtain pulling force on change curve corresponding to height of water level；Found out by change curve corresponding to height of water level
Pulling force FTIt is gradually reduced, i.e. the buoyant weight F of test specimenFGradually increase, and buoyant weight FFSize and porosity relation be present；One section compared with
In small Δ h height of water level excursion, the changes delta F of pulling forceTCalculation formula is as follows：
ΔFT=Δ FF=ρ g Δs V=a Δ h+ ρ gS (1- α) Δ h
Wherein α is this section of Δ h porosity, and S is the sectional area of test specimen, and a is the buoyancy of test specimen bucket on height of water level
Linear variation coefficient；
So as to which the porosity being derived by this section can be calculated as follows：
The overall porosity size of the test specimen is characterized using the mean porosities M (ρ) of the porosity distribution, using standard
Poor SD (ρ) reflects the deviation size of the porosity distribution of the test specimen, using relative standard deviation RSD (ρ) (i.e. deviation ratio) come
Reflect the degree of irregularity of the porosity distribution of the test specimen；The calculation formula of three above index is as follows：
Wherein, ρiFor the thin layer porosity arrived along short transverse i-th between i+1 measuring point.
Compared with the prior art,
The present invention devises a kind of experimental rig for testing engineering material porosity distribution first, bag water tank, consolidates
Determine frame, test specimen bucket, oral siphon, pulling force sensor, water pressure sensor and data collecting system, it uses data collecting system to connect
It is continuous to gather buoyant weight of the test specimen in water under different heights of water level, so as to extrapolate the interconnected pore rate under test specimen different height, enter
And the regularity of distribution of the ensemble average porosity and porosity of test specimen along height of specimen direction has been obtained, and propose " deviation
Rate " this parameter characterizes the uniformity of test specimen distribution of pores.
The present invention also has the advantages that simultaneously
1st, the experimental rig for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution that the technical program provides, passes through test
Buoyant weight of the test specimen under different immersion height, can effectively calculate the volume that immersion part arranges water, so as to obtain intercommunicating pore
The volume of gap, the method is scientific and effective and operation is easier, and whole experimental rig is simple in construction, easy to operation, easy to spread.
2nd, the experimental rig for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution that the technical program provides, utilizes pulling force
The buoyant weight change of sensor test test specimen, SEA LEVEL VARIATION is tested using pressure sensor, and data collecting system is set to sensing
The data of device carry out continuous acquisition, so as to obtain hole rule along the short transverse regularity of distribution with data processing eventually through pushing over,
Compared to traditional vacuum bowssening, test result is comprehensive and accuracy greatly improves.
3rd, the method for characterizing porous engineering material distribution of pores that the technical program provides, by the mark of porosity distribution
The percentage of quasi- difference mean porosities relatively is considered as " deviation ratio " of porosity distribution, can effectively reflect the distribution of pores of test specimen
Uniformity, have to the performance evaluation of porous material compared with number reference, also the design optimization to material and process modification have certain
Directive significance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the experimental rig structural representation of the porous engineering material porosity distribution of test provided by the invention.
Buoyant weight changing rule of Fig. 2 test specimens under different immersion height.
The regularity of distribution of the porosity of Fig. 3 test specimens along short transverse.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing of the present invention, clear, complete description is carried out to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, is shown
So, described embodiment is only the part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.
Embodiment one
As shown in figure 1, on the experimental rig for testing porous engineering material porosity distribution, it includes being placed on
Fixed mount 1 on water tank 2, test specimen bucket 3 being connected with by pulling force sensor 5 on fixed mount 1, test specimen bucket 3 is located in water tank 2,
On water tank 2 provided with the water inlet pipe 6 with valve enter with delivery port 7, and be provided with pressure sensor 8, the drawing in the bottom of water tank 2
Force snesor 5 is connected 9 with pressure sensor 8 with data collecting system；The water tank 2 is lucite cell body；Described examination
Part bucket 3 is permeable wire netting；Water tank 2 is long and a width of 400-500mm, a height of 500-600mm, wall thickness 4-6mm；Test specimen bucket 3
Basal diameter 180-200mm, high 250-300mm cylinder；The support distance 600-700mm of fixed mount 1；Delivery port 7 is apart from water
Bottom face 7mm, pressure sensor 8 is apart from water tank bottom surface 6mm.
The step of test method of the technical program, is specific as follows：
First, the preparation of test sample
Generally, test specimen 4 is cylinder, can also use prism, can be in product in laboratory or live coring.Examination
The diameter of part is generally higher than 90mm and is less than test specimen bucket diameter, avoids aperture relative diameter excessive and increases test error, height
Generally higher than 100mm, avoid data from can not obtaining accurate function curve very little.Material for test be generally hard material and
Aperture should not too small (general Load materials are satisfied by condition), avoid capillarity influence test result.This reality in the present embodiment
The test specimen 4 applied in example is in product in laboratoryPorous cement concrete, detailed process are as follows：
Fresh concrete material is added in external diameter 110mm, wall thickness 3.2mm pvc pipe, divide three layers and plug and pound, the test specimen 4 of forming is put
To the fog room maintenance 24h demouldings.Then tested after test specimen being air-dried into 24h.
2nd, gathered data
Before experiment, test specimen is not first put into, opens the valve of oral siphon, the water filling of water tank 2 to sky, test test specimen bucket 3 floats
Weight obtains the linear coefficient a that the buoyancy of test specimen bucket 3 changes on height of water level, for test specimen in experiment 4 with the change of height of water level
Buoyant weight change eliminate error.Then the water in water tank 2 is discharged, and reinstalled again after the taking-up of test specimen bucket is air-dried.Then,
Test specimen is put into 4 barrels of test specimen, keeps test specimen to be vertically placed in the middle of test specimen bucket 3, slowly to the water filling of water tank 2 until water
Position there was not test specimen top surface, tested the immersion buoyant weight and SEA LEVEL VARIATION of test specimen respectively by pulling force sensor 5 and pressure sensor 8,
Data collecting system 9 continuous acquisition whole process immersion buoyant weight with height of water level change procedure.In data acquisition,
Should set two sensors start simultaneously at collection and frequency it is consistent, should ensure that waterflood injection rate is as far as possible slow, adopted so as to improve data
Collect density, and then improve the accuracy of test result.
3rd, data processing
Data collecting system collected test specimen immersion buoyant weight on the time change curve and height of water level on when
Between change curve, the change flex point of pulling force is the start time that water level reaches test specimen bottom surface, so as to obtained pulling force on
Change curve corresponding to height of water level (as shown in Figure 2).
From accompanying drawing 2 as can be seen that pulling force FTIt is gradually reduced, this is due to the buoyant weight F of test specimenFGradually increase, and buoyant weight FF's
Certain relation be present with porosity in size.In one section of less Δ h height of water level excursion, the changes delta F of pulling forceTCan
It is calculated as follows：
ΔFT=Δ FT=ρ g Δs V=a Δ h+ ρ gS (1- α) Δ h
Wherein α is this section of Δ h porosity, and S is the sectional area of test specimen, and a is the buoyancy of test specimen bucket on height of water level
Linear variation coefficient；
Porosity so as to be derived by this section can be calculated as follows：
Therefore distribution of pores rule of the test specimen along short transverse as shown in Figure 3 has been obtained.
From accompanying drawing 3 as can be seen that the porosity of test specimen is gradually reduced as height declines, this forming process with test specimen
And cement mortar sinking is relevant.In order to commend the porosity distribution of the test specimen, here using the average pore of the porosity distribution
Rate M (ρ) characterizes the overall porosity size of the test specimen, reflects the porosity distribution of the test specimen using standard deviation SD (ρ)
Deviation size, the uneven journey of the porosity distribution of the test specimen is reflected using relative standard deviation RSD (ρ) (i.e. deviation ratio)
Degree.Three above index can be calculated as follows：
Wherein, ρiFor the thin layer porosity arrived along short transverse i-th between i+1 measuring point.
The mean porosities M (ρ)=17.5% of test specimen in the present embodiment is calculated, porosity distribution standard deviation is SD
(ρ)=2.1%, porosity distribution " deviation ratio " RSD (ρ)=12.1%, three above data can be more comprehensively and objective
Evaluate the porosity distribution of the porous engineering material.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, not thereby limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention, every utilization
The equivalent structure or equivalent process that description of the invention and accompanying drawing content are made.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. experimental rig for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution, it is characterised in that：It includes being placed on Fixed mount (1) on water tank (2), test specimen bucket (3), test specimen bucket (3) are connected with by pulling force sensor (5) on fixed mount (1) In the water tank (2), on water tank (2) provided with the water inlet pipe (6) with valve enter with delivery port (7), and in the bottom of water tank (2) Provided with pressure sensor (8), the pulling force sensor (5) is connected (9) with data collecting system with pressure sensor (8).
- 2. the experimental rig according to claim 1 for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution, its feature exist In the water tank (2) is lucite cell body.
- 3. the experimental rig according to claim 1 for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution, its feature exist In described test specimen bucket (3) is permeable wire netting.
- 4. the experimental rig according to claim 1 for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution, its feature exist In water tank (2) is long and a width of 400-500mm, a height of 500-600mm, wall thickness 4-6mm；The basal diameter 180- of test specimen bucket (3) 200mm, high 250-300mm cylinder；Fixed mount (1) support distance 600-700mm；Delivery port (7) is apart from water tank bottom surface 7mm, pressure sensor (8) is apart from water tank bottom surface 6mm.
- 5. the method for being used to test porous engineering material porosity distribution experimental rig using claim 1-4 any one, It is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：S1.Test specimen is not put into, to water tank with water, tests the buoyant weight of test specimen bucket with the change of height of water level, the buoyancy for obtaining test specimen bucket closes In the linear coefficient of height of water level change, the buoyant weight change for test specimen in experiment eliminates error；Then the water in water tank is discharged, And test specimen bucket is air-dried；S2.Test specimen is put into test specimen bucket, obtains the dry weight of test specimen, keeps the vertical middle for being placed in test specimen bucket of test specimen, slowly To water tank with water until water level did not had test specimen top surface, the number that is collected by implementing monitoring pulling force sensor and water pressure sensor According to, you can obtain buoyant weight of the test specimen under different immersion height；S3.By derivation and data processing, distribution law of the test specimen interconnected pore rate along short transverse has been obtained, has been obtained by calculation " deviation ratio " evaluate the uniformity of the distribution of pores of test specimen.
- 6. the method according to claim 5 for testing porous engineering material porosity distribution experimental rig, it is special Sign is：Described derivation and data processing be：Test specimen has been collected by data collecting system and has soaked buoyant weight on the time The change curve of change curve and height of water level on the time, the change flex point of pulling force are the time that water level reaches test specimen bottom surface Starting point, so as to obtain pulling force on change curve corresponding to height of water level；Found out by change curve corresponding to height of water level Pulling force FTIt is gradually reduced, i.e. the buoyant weight F of test specimenFGradually increase, and buoyant weight FFSize and porosity relation be present；One section compared with In small Δ h height of water level excursion, the changes delta F of pulling forceTCalculation formula is as follows：ΔFT=Δ FF=ρ g Δs V=a Δ h+ ρ gS (1- α) Δ hWherein α is this section of Δ hPorosity, S is the sectional area of test specimen, and a is linear variation coefficient of the buoyancy on height of water level of test specimen bucket；So as to which the porosity being derived by this section can be calculated as follows：<mrow> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&Delta;F</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&Delta;</mi> <mi>h</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> 1The overall porosity size of the test specimen is characterized using the mean porosities M (ρ) of the porosity distribution, using standard deviation SD (ρ) is reflected the deviation size of the porosity distribution of the test specimen, reflected using relative standard deviation RSD (ρ) (i.e. deviation ratio) The degree of irregularity of the porosity distribution of the test specimen；The calculation formula of three above index is as follows：<mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow><mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mo>)</mo> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow><mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, ρiFor the thin layer porosity arrived along short transverse i-th between i+1 measuring point.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109900616A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-18 | 江苏安全技术职业学院 | A kind of foam slurry material foam cell uniformity quantitatively characterizing method |
| CN110174340A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-27 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of test method and utensil of solid, porous material layering porosity |
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