CN107386201B - Floating breakwater - Google Patents
Floating breakwater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107386201B CN107386201B CN201710696773.1A CN201710696773A CN107386201B CN 107386201 B CN107386201 B CN 107386201B CN 201710696773 A CN201710696773 A CN 201710696773A CN 107386201 B CN107386201 B CN 107386201B
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- floating body
- breakwater
- slope
- wave
- floating
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a floating breakwater, which comprises a plurality of buoyancy tanks connected with each other through connecting devices; the buoyancy tank comprises an upper floating body and a lower floating body which are vertically contacted and fixedly arranged; the upper floating body is a groove-shaped steel structure with a shape of a loop and a slope, and a plurality of block-shaped energy dissipaters are arranged on the inner curved surface of the groove; the lower floating body is a rectangular body made of high-strength polypropylene material, and a plurality of through staggered wave dissipation holes are formed in the lower floating body; the buoyancy tanks are provided with mooring guide cable holes for connecting guide cables to moor the buoyancy tanks in water. The invention has good wave-absorbing effect under high sea conditions and long-period waves, has simple structure, adopts modular assembly, has unlimited width of the breakwater and is convenient for offshore construction and later maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering equipment, and particularly relates to a floating breakwater.
Background
The marine environment is complex, and the offshore floating structure is simultaneously subjected to the action of wind, wave and current loads, particularly the wave loads account for main components, so that the safety of the offshore floating structure, the comfort of workers and the like are seriously influenced. In order to weaken the wave load on the floating structure on the sea, floating breakwaters are usually arranged around the floating structure to absorb and consume the wave energy, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the wave force. The floating breakwater is a wave-proof facility generally composed of a wave-absorbing floating body made of metal, reinforced concrete and plastic materials and an anchoring device, and the wave-absorbing floating body is composed of a box body or a floating raft with a certain draft. The box body or the floating raft is connected with an anchor chain with one end fixed on the seabed and floats on the water surface. Compared with the traditional bottom-sitting breakwater, the breakwater has the advantages of simple construction, high cost performance, little influence on the hydrodynamic force of the sheltered water area and the like. But up to now the floating breakwaters have been used much less than the submersible breakwaters, mainly because their wave-damping properties are much less than those of the submersible breakwaters, especially for long-period waves. In addition, the safety of the mooring system of the floating breakwater is also very important, and the contradiction which is not easy to solve in the research of the floating breakwater is obtained by obtaining good wave-absorbing performance and effectively reducing the load of the mooring system. Chinese invention patent (CN201310253105.3) "a pore box type floating breakwater with built-in buoyancy unit", which has the following defects: 1. when the pore box structure is damaged, the internal buoyancy unit easily escapes from the pore box, so that the buoyancy is lost, and the floating breakwater is caused to sink into the sea bottom; 2. the floating body units move in the hole boxes in a staggered manner, the load borne by the floating breakwater in the direction vertical to the water surface is small, and the breakwater is easy to generate wave overtopping under the condition of large wave height, so that the wave absorbing capacity of the breakwater is reduced; 3. the width of the breakwater is limited, and the wave absorbing effect on long-period waves is poor; 4. the structure is comparatively complicated, is not convenient for marine construction and the change and the maintenance in later stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a novel floating breakwater, which realizes the double wave-absorbing capability of the structure based on the principles of energy dispersion, damping dissipation and the like, and has obvious wave-absorbing effect under high sea conditions and long-period waves; the buoyancy of the structure cannot be lost even if the structure is damaged; the structure is simple, modular assembly is adopted, the width of the breakwater is not limited, and offshore construction and later maintenance are facilitated.
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
The invention relates to a floating breakwater, which comprises a plurality of buoyancy tanks connected with each other through connecting devices; the buoyancy tank comprises an upper floating body and a lower floating body which are vertically contacted and fixedly arranged; the upper floating body is of a groove-shaped structure with a loop shape and a slope shape, and a plurality of block-shaped energy dissipaters are arranged on the inner curved surface of the groove; the lower floating body is a rectangular body made of high-strength polypropylene material, and a plurality of through staggered wave dissipation holes are formed in the lower floating body; the buoyancy tanks are provided with mooring guide cable holes for connecting anchor chains to moor the buoyancy tanks in water.
Furthermore, a plurality of block-shaped energy dissipaters are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the slope of the upper floating body.
Further, the lower bottom edge of the upper floating body is located at the water line position.
Further, the width of the buoyancy tank is not less than 1/10 average wavelength.
Furthermore, the length-width ratio of the lower floating body is 5: 1-10: 1, and the height of the lower floating body is not less than 1/20 characteristic wavelength.
Furthermore, a plurality of crash pads are arranged on adjacent interface surfaces of the buoyancy tank.
Further, the connecting device comprises: a plurality of connecting fairlead holes and corresponding anchor chains disposed at adjacent interfaces of the pontoon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the novel floating breakwater is formed by connecting a plurality of buoyancy tank units through anchor chains, can be produced in batches, reduces the cost, is convenient to disassemble and replace, can be connected into various required types and widths according to the actual conditions of sea areas, and is convenient to construct and high in safety performance.
2. The invention fully uses the fluid dynamics characteristic, the lower floating body structure adopts a criss-cross structure of wave-breaking holes, the upper floating body adopts a groove-shaped structure and is additionally provided with a block-shaped energy dissipation device, and the wave-breaking performance of the floating breakwater is greatly enhanced.
3. Each buoyancy tank of the invention is composed of a loop slope type upper floating body and a rectangular lower floating body with wave dissipating holes, wherein the lower edge of the slope of the upper floating body is positioned at the waterline position. Thus, when a wave passes the breakwater, it first reaches the slope, the wave is divided into two, and the upper half climbs along the slope. The wave energy of the wave is attenuated continuously when the wave passes through a block wave-absorbing device above a slope in the climbing process, and finally reaches a semicircular loop, then the wave climbs along an arc and moves reversely under the guidance of the arc to form turning and crushing, and the wave energy is further consumed; the lower half wave moves forwards along the bottom surface of the upper floating body until meeting the lower floating body, criss-cross small holes are fully distributed in the surface of the lower floating body, and the waves collide and dissipate in the small holes to reduce part of wave energy. Waves are transmitted to the rear part of the breakwater after being consumed by the breakwater, the wave height at the moment is obviously reduced, and the period is almost unchanged. The waves are attenuated by the energy of the novel breakwater and mainly divided into two parts, wherein one part is used for dissipating viscosity, and the other part is used for converting kinetic energy and potential energy of the breakwater into kinetic energy and potential energy by being absorbed by the floating breakwater.
4. The invention adopts a catenary mooring mode to moor the breakwater to the sea bottom, effectively ensures that the breakwater is in a certain specific range, and avoids that a mooring system does not bear overlarge load, thereby enabling the breakwater to release the energy of the breakwater in a certain range of motion by adopting a working mode.
5. The floating breakwater adopts a passive wave-absorbing mode, an additional power device is not needed, the breakwater absorbs wave energy to generate periodic motion, and particularly, the load at the joint of the buoyancy tank and the buoyancy tank is large, and a generator set can be additionally arranged at the joint to form a wave power generation system which is used as a byproduct of the novel floating breakwater.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a pontoon structure of an embodiment of the floating breakwater of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1.
Figure 3 is a side view of a buoyancy tank of one embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 10 upper floating bodies, 20 lower floating bodies, 13 anti-collision pads, 14 connecting fairlead holes, 25 mooring fairlead holes, 26 wave dissipation holes and 17 block-shaped energy dissipaters.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a pontoon structure of an embodiment of the floating breakwater of the present invention. The invention is formed by connecting buoyancy tank units shown in figure 1 through a connecting device and mooring the buoyancy tank units in a working sea area to form a floating breakwater. The length of the floating breakwater is determined by the number of the buoyancy tank units, and theoretically is not limited.
The flotation tank includes: the energy dissipation device comprises an upper floating body 10, a lower floating body 20, an anti-collision pad 13, a connecting cable guide hole 14, a mooring cable guide hole 25, a wave dissipation hole 26 and a block-shaped energy dissipation device 17. The upper floating body 10 and the lower floating body 20 are fixedly connected into a whole.
The upper floating body 10 of the buoyancy tank is made of steel materials and is of a groove-shaped structure with a circular shape and a slope shape, and massive energy dissipators 17 are distributed on the slope in a staggered mode. The left surface and the right surface are symmetrically distributed and connected with a plurality of connecting guide cable holes 14, and can form a connecting device with corresponding guide cables for connecting adjacent buoyancy tanks. The guide cable can adopt an anchor chain.
The interface department of adjacent flotation tank is equipped with a plurality of crash pads 13, can adopt the block rubber for avoid adjacent flotation tank to appear collision and dislocation motion, guarantee the structural safety of flotation tank. A plurality of mooring fairlead 25 are provided on the upper buoyant body 10 for mooring the buoyant box, and the mooring fairlead 25 can be uniformly distributed on the bottom surface of the upper buoyant body 10. The breakwater can be moored to the seabed in a catenary mooring mode, so that the breakwater is effectively ensured to be in a certain specific range, and the condition that a mooring system does not bear overlarge load is avoided, so that the breakwater can release the energy of the breakwater in a certain range of motion in a working mode.
The lower floating body 20 is of a rectangular structure, is made of high-corrosion-resistance high-polymer polypropylene materials, and is internally provided with wave dissipation holes 26 which are transversely and longitudinally distributed in a penetrating mode, so that damping dissipation is increased, and the energy dissipation effect is improved.
The floating breakwater is formed by connecting a plurality of buoyancy tank structures through anchor chains, and is moored to the water bottom through anchor chains by mooring and fairlead holes on the buoyancy tanks, usually in a catenary form. Thereby, the floating breakwater is fixed in a certain range in the water.
The width of the buoyancy tank is not less than 1/10 average wavelength, and the lower edge of the upper floating body is at waterline position.
The lower floating body 20 of the floating box is a rectangular body, the length-width ratio of the lower floating body is approximately 5: 1-10: 1, and the height of the lower floating body is not less than 1/20 characteristic wavelength.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1. When the buoyancy tank is placed in seawater, seawater enters the interior of the buoyancy tank through the wave dissipation holes 26 at the bottom of the buoyancy tank, and the buoyancy generated by the lower floating body 10 of the buoyancy tank is the same as the gravity of the buoyancy tank, so that the buoyancy tank is in a natural floating state. The buoyancy tank is moored on the sea surface through the mooring fairlead 25, and when waves pass through the slope of the upper floating body 10, the waves need to pass through the block-shaped energy dissipation device 17, so that the wave energy is weakened, and the wave absorption function is achieved.
In a word, the novel floating breakwater is formed by connecting a plurality of floating tanks through connecting devices, each floating tank has double wave-absorbing capacity, and the wave-absorbing effect under high sea conditions is good. When the waves pass through the buoyancy tank, one part of the waves is divided into two parts by the slope, and the upper part of the waves reversely move along the semicircular loop after the waves are climbed through the slope and the wave energy is weakened by the block-shaped energy dissipation device and are finally crushed; waves at the lower half part are reflected by the lower floating body and wave energy is weakened through the wave weakening holes; part of the waves pass through the breakwater to the rear. The buoyancy tank can be manufactured in a modularized mode, is convenient to process and manufacture, and facilitates offshore construction and later maintenance.
Claims (3)
1. A floating breakwater, characterized in that: comprises a plurality of buoyancy tanks connected with each other through a connecting device; the buoyancy tank comprises an upper floating body (10) and a lower floating body (20) which are vertically contacted and fixedly arranged; the upper floating body (10) is a groove-shaped structure with a shape of a loop and a slope, and a plurality of block-shaped energy dissipaters (17) are arranged on the inner curved surface of the groove; the lower floating body (20) is a rectangular body made of high-strength polypropylene material, and a plurality of through staggered wave dissipation holes (26) are formed in the lower floating body; the buoyancy tanks are provided with mooring guide cable holes (14) for connecting anchor chains to moor the buoyancy tanks in water;
a plurality of block-shaped energy dissipaters (17) are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the slope of the upper floating body (10) in a staggered manner;
the lower bottom edge of the upper floating body (10) is positioned at the water line position;
the width of the buoyancy tank is not less than 1/10 average wavelength;
the length-width ratio of the lower floating body (20) is 5: 1-10: 1, and the height of the lower floating body is not less than 1/20 characteristic wavelength;
the groove-shaped structure of the loop shape and the slope shape is as follows: the upper part of the device is in a semi-circular shape, and the lower part of the device is in a slope shape; when the waves pass through the breakwater, the waves firstly reach the slope, the waves are divided into two parts, and the upper half part climbs along the slope; and finally, the waves climb along the circular arc after reaching the semi-circular shape and move reversely under the guidance of the circular arc to form turning and crushing, so that the wave energy is further consumed.
2. A floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of crash pads (13) are arranged at adjacent interfaces of the pontoons.
3. The floating breakwater of claim 1, wherein the connecting means comprises: a plurality of connecting fairleads (14) and corresponding anchor chains are disposed at adjacent interfaces of the pontoons.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710696773.1A CN107386201B (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2017-08-15 | Floating breakwater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710696773.1A CN107386201B (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2017-08-15 | Floating breakwater |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107386201A CN107386201A (en) | 2017-11-24 |
| CN107386201B true CN107386201B (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710696773.1A Active CN107386201B (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2017-08-15 | Floating breakwater |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108824356B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2023-08-15 | 中国海洋大学 | Abnormal shape energy dissipation caisson and breakwater |
| CN109295920B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2021-04-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater unit with sinking and floating functions under extreme sea conditions and breakwater system |
| CN109594522B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-01-05 | 河海大学 | Floating breakwater provided with arc-shaped wave wings and power generation device |
| CN110409367B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2023-12-01 | 天津大学 | Floating comb-shaped breakwater device capable of utilizing wave energy and application |
| CN111188317A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-05-22 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Sightseeing seawall with wave-dissipating function and construction method thereof |
| CN111273048B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2022-03-08 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Wind cap of Doppler current meter |
| CN112411468B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-04-01 | 宁波大学 | Flexible floating breakwater |
| CN114735147B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-04-21 | 江苏科技大学 | Wind-wave-resistant floating type offshore photovoltaic device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11104677A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-20 | Kubota Corp | Water clarification facility around floating body |
| JP2001107334A (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-17 | Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd | Floating wave dissipating device |
| CN101850834A (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2010-10-06 | 许是勇 | Semi-submersible type multifunctional jetty |
| CN103215918A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 河海大学 | Slope type pile foundation manger board open embankment |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0449303A (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1992-02-18 | Jdc Corp | Beach type floating breakwater |
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- 2017-08-15 CN CN201710696773.1A patent/CN107386201B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11104677A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-20 | Kubota Corp | Water clarification facility around floating body |
| JP2001107334A (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-17 | Oshima Shipbuilding Co Ltd | Floating wave dissipating device |
| CN101850834A (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2010-10-06 | 许是勇 | Semi-submersible type multifunctional jetty |
| CN103215918A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 河海大学 | Slope type pile foundation manger board open embankment |
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| CN107386201A (en) | 2017-11-24 |
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