CN107379557A - 焊接构件的方法和装置 - Google Patents
焊接构件的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81459—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a filled deformable bladder, e.g. bladder filled with oil, with granules or with a meltable solid material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/828—Other pressure application arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
- B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
- B29C66/81815—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the clamps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0008—Magnetic or paramagnetic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于将第一构件(1)与第二构件(8)相焊接的装置和方法。所述装置包括上模具(4)、支承板(2)以及下模具(3),其中,装置还具有控制设备(10),利用该控制设备能够形成电场和/或磁场(7),该电场和/或磁场至少遍布支承板(2),从而能够借助控制设备(10)调整电流变和/或磁流变的流体的粘度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种焊接两个构件的方法和装置,其中,构件中的至少一个构件在焊接过程中被放置在下模具上,该下模具配备有填充了磁流变流体的支承板。
背景技术
在塑料构件的焊接中经常出现这样的问题,即构件由于引入的热量而以不期望的方式发生几何形状的改变。这在车辆的内饰部件领域中是特别成问题的。这样的变形例如可能出现在焊接的内饰部件的可见区域上,使得内饰部件由于劣化的质量而不再适于再加工。
为了避免在两个由塑料制成的构件的焊接过程期间产生痕迹,至少将可见表面尽可能保持不变的构件置于模具中,该模具对应于构件的阴模。接着将两个构件加热并且压在一起。然而,生产这种对应于待焊接构件的阴模的模具通常是非常昂贵和耗时的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种方法和装置,其能够成本适宜地焊接两个构件,特别是塑料制成的构件。
通过具有独立权利要求的特征的方法和装置实现本发明的目的。通过从属权利要求、说明书以及附图得出本发明的其他有利的方案。
根据本发明的用于焊接特别是由塑料制成的第一构件与第二构件的方法至少包括将第一构件定位在填充有磁流变和/或电流变的流体的支撑板上的步骤,所述支承板设置在下模具上。优选地,构件已经被置于支承板上的第一构件与第二构件要在此被焊接的位置中。为此,支承板和/或下模具可以具有定位辅助机构,以实现特别快的定位。
此外,根据本发明的方法至少还包括对支承板轮廓加工的步骤:使上模具朝着下模具从打开位置移动到闭合位置,并且期间将第一构件压入支承板中。优选地,轮廓加工的步骤在定位步骤之后进行。因为支承板填充有电流变和/或磁流变的流体,该流体优选地在轮廓加工期间具有低粘度,所以支承板的面向第一构件的面获得被压入该支承板中的构件的轮廓。
本文中,电流变和/或磁流变的流体可以理解为一种可流动物质,当该物质被置于电场和/或磁场下时其粘度升高,当电场和/或磁场不再作用在可流动物质上时,其粘度又下降。
在本文中,打开位置可以理解为,上模具与下模具至少间隔开到使得第一构件能够***到上模具与下模具之间。相反,闭合位置可以理解为,上模具朝下模具移动,直至上模具将构件压入支承板中。
在根据本发明的方法的另一步骤中,在第一构件被压入支承板期间设立至少一个电场和/或磁场,使得流体的粘度增加。通过设立电场和/或磁场,支承板至少部分地设置有电场和/或磁场,支承板相应地固化,因为支承板内的流体的粘度明显升高。以该方式,生产了刚性的而符合第一构件的轮廓的支承板,在该支承板内,第一构件能够与第二构件焊接。
此处有利的是,在上模具仍处于闭合位置时进行该设立场的步骤。在当上模具移动到闭合位置中,第一构件优选地仍位于其在轮廓加工期间所在的位置。
在借助电场和/或磁场而使支承板相应地固化之后,接着进行下一工艺步骤:上模具移动回打开位置,并且接着,第二构件被布置在上模具与第一构件之间。在该工艺步骤期间,有利的是,施加了特别是具有不变的场强的磁场和/或电场,其稳定地覆盖支承板。以该方式,在打开期间以及在***第二构件期间,支承板的轮廓保持不变。
最后继续进行将第一构件与第二构件焊接的步骤:至少在第一构件中引入至少局部的热量,并且接着将两个构件互相压在一起。例如能够通过红外线加热器进行热量的引入,在上模具移动到闭合位置之前,该红外线加热器辐射第一和/或第二构件。可选地,还能够通过摩擦热或者超声波产生热量。有利的是,此时至少将如此多的热量引入两个构件之一,优选地引入两个构件中,使得两个优选地由塑料制成的构件至少局部地塑化,并且能够以这种方式实现焊接。
根据本发明的方法提供了如下优点,即能够以简单的方式获得焊接衬垫,该焊接衬垫能够适应于要焊接的构件中的每一个的轮廓。不需要为每个要被焊接的构件设置额外的焊接工具,而是能够使用通用的成型支承板来形成各种几何形状。这不仅降低了这种模具的成本,而且还使工具能够适应各种构件,而不需要额外的组件或者维护工作。这能够缩短待制的构件的制造时间。
已表明,有利的是,下模具以及特别是支承板在焊接步骤期间借助冷却单元而被冷却至特别是50℃以下的温度。通过对下模具或支承板的冷却,能够确保第一构件在该第一构件要与第二构件相焊接的区域之外的区域中不被大量地加热,并且得到的热量被快速去除。由此能够预防第一构件的不期望的表面变化。另外在汽车领域,当装饰层已经布置于仪表板上时,用于气囊的点火信道经常被焊接到仪表板区域中,焊接在仪表板上。该装饰层通常通过热活化性的粘合剂而固定至仪表板部件上。如果在焊接期间粘合剂借助于冷却单元而降低至50℃以下,粘合剂在焊接过程中再次溶解的风险则降至最低。
特别地,如果第一构件在面向下模具的一侧上具有层,例如装饰层,则由于上模具与下模具之间的高的按压力,可能损坏这样的层。为了避免该损坏,在焊接步骤期间能够使设立的电场和/或磁场的强度变化,从而流体的粘度变化。例如,在第一构件层叠有装饰层的情况下,电场或者磁场能够减弱,从而支承板内的流体的流动性降低。在该情况下,不再将装饰层抵着支承板而强烈地按压,并且由此能够将装饰层因高压力而损坏的风险最小化。然而,还可能需要的是,要求支承板中的粘性在焊接期间特别高,使得电场和/或磁场的强度在焊接步骤期间也能够升高。
在焊接步骤期间,可以将上模具置于特别高频率的振动中。优选地以该振动被传递到第二构件中的方式而产生该振动。如果将第二构件抵着第一构件按压,则第二构件由于产生的摩擦而在与第一构件的接触面上被加热。以该方式,能够在第一与第二构件进行接触并且要互相焊接的位置处产生期望的热量。
可选地,能够在上模具移动到闭合位置之前向两个构件之一引入热量。例如,在上模具移动到闭合位置之前,能够将加热器定位在两个构件之间。
为了确保在定位步骤和轮廓加工步骤期间流体具有尽可能低的粘度并且从而确保了对第一构件的轮廓的最大的适应性,优选地在这些工艺步骤期间不建立覆盖支承板的电场或者磁场。
除了根据本发明的方法之外,本发明还包括一种用于将第一构件与第二构件焊接的装置。该装置包括上模具、支承板、下模具以及控制设备。上模具能够朝着下模具在打开位置与闭合位置之间移动。其中支承板设置在下模具与上模具之间,并且含有电流变和/或磁流变的流体。其中上模具和下模具被实施为,在移动到闭合位置时,上模具将第二构件抵着第一构件按压。借助控制设备能够形成电场和/或磁场,该电场和/或磁场至少覆盖支承板,从而能够借助控制设备调整电流变和/或磁流变的流体的粘度。
借助根据本发明的装置,能够实施上述根据本发明的方法。
可以在支承板内部设置冷却单元,以冷却支承板。冷却单元可以或者被引入支承板的腔室内,在该腔室内还布置了电流变和/或磁流变的流体,或者也可以分离地布置在支承板上。
已表明,支承板的厚度为5cm到30cm,优选地10cm到20cm,是特别合适的。在该范围内,高度轮廓化的构件仍然能够被印制为支承板中的阴模。然而同时,可以使用以相对简单的方式产生的具有经济的能量消耗的磁场和电场。
上模具能够可移动地固定于立柱元件上,控制设备设置在该立柱元件上,并且立柱元件、上模具和下模具至少部分地由电磁铁材料构成。通过这样的实施方式而形成了一种马蹄铁状,从而在上模具与下模具之间形成由控制设备产生的磁场。这具有这样的优点,即在上模具与下模具之间形成了特别均匀的场,该场同时遍布支承板。这还能避免支承板中的流体的粘度不均匀地增加或变化。
在本文中,控制设备可以具有导电线圈,该线圈至少局部地包围立柱元件。以该方式,能够特别简单地确保,形成同时遍布立柱元件、上模具和下模具的磁场。
此外立柱元件还能够可旋转地安装在下模具上。从而例如,在实施了两个构件的焊接之后,上模具能够相对另一个下模具定位。在能够将已经连接的两个构件从第一下模具取出的同时,根据本发明的方法能够重新开始。以该方式能够明显缩短加工时间,因为仅需要可旋转的立柱元件和其他下模具。
为了进一步简化焊接过程,上模具可以具有超声波发生器,或者自身形成为超声波发生器。上模具自身或者上模具的一部分可以由此被置于高频率的振动中,该振动能够传递到第二构件,其通过产生摩擦热而将第二构件与第一构件焊接。
因为不需要将整个构件放置在支承板上,而是仅需要将要焊接第一构件与第二构件的区域放置在支承板上,所以下模具可以具有额外的支承元件,第一构件可以部分地布置在该支承元件上。在本文中,该支承元件特别地是高度可调节的,以防止其在轮廓加工步骤期间将第一构件压入支承元件中。
已经表明,根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置特别适合于将两个构件互相焊接,该两个构件由塑料制成或者由纤维强化塑料制成。
就方法和装置对本发明进行说明。除非另外指明,否则关于该方法的陈述可类似地应用到该设备上。当然,反过来也是同样适用的,从而在方法中也得出装置的实施方案。
此外,从下面的优选实施方式的说明中得到本发明的其它优点和特征。只要不彼此矛盾,则可以单独或组合地实现上下文描述的特征。参考附图对优选实施方式进行以下描述。
附图说明
示出了:
图1-5:实施根据本发明的方法的各个步骤中的根据本发明的装置。
参考标记列表
1 第一构件
2 支承板
3 下模具
4 上模具
5 打开位置
6 闭合位置
7 电场
8 第二构件
9 立柱元件
10 控制设备
具体实施方式
在下面的说明中,只要不另外指出,用相同的参考符号表示相同或相同作用的元件并且不再重复地详细说明。
图1以侧视图示出了用于将第一构件1与第二构件相焊接的根据本发明的装置。该装置具有上模具4、下模具3以及支承板2,该支承板布置在上模具4与下模具3之间。在本实施例中,支承板2布置在下模具3上。在下模具3上还布置了立柱元件9,上模具4以一定的高度,即朝向并且离开下模具3而可移动地布置在该立柱元件9上。此处,上模具4布置为在开口位置5中与下模具3相对,即沿着上模具4到下模具3的位移路径而隔开。围绕立柱元件9设置了控制设备10,其能够产生电场。此外,支承板2还被填充磁流变流体。然而因为在示出的位置中,没有电场7作用在支承板2上,所以支承板2内的流体具有低的粘度。在支承板2中设置了第一构件1。
在图2中,上模具4对于下模具3移动到闭合位置6中。上模具4与下模具3之间的间距减小。此时上模具4借助压力销将第一构件1压入支承板2中。因为支承板2内的流体还处于低粘度状态,所以支承板2适应于第一构件1的轮廓。
在将第一构件1压入支承板2中期间,借助未示出的线圈而产生电场7。在图3中示出该电场。因为控制设备10的线圈包围立柱元件9,所以将在立柱元件9的内部形成电场7,该电场从立柱元件9延续到下模具3以及上模具4中。电场7存在在上模具4与下模具3之间,并且在上模具4与下模具3之间建立了均匀均质的磁场。因为在该区域中布置了带有构件1的支撑板2,所以支承板2被均匀的电磁场遍布。电场7使得流体的粘度增加,从而固化了支承板2。
在图4中,仍保持建立的电场7,而上模具4移动回到打开位置5。这能够使得将第二构件8***上模具4与第一构件1之间。因为支承板2通过创建的电场而维持了高粘度,所以支承板2不再改变其形状。
在图5中,上模具4再次移动到闭合位置6,使得上模具4抵着第一构件1而按压第二构件8。第二构件8在被按压之前在未示出的工艺步骤中由加热元件辐射,从而通过按压将第一构件1与第二构件8焊接。在焊接后,通过控制设备10关闭磁场,并且上模具4移动回打开位置5。接着能够将焊接好的第一构件1和第二构件8从装置中取出。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于焊接第一和第二构件(1、8)的方法,包括以下步骤:
将第一构件(1)定位在填充了电流变和/或磁流变的流体的支承板(2)上,该支承板(2)设置在下模具(3)上;
通过使上模具(4)从打开位置(5)相对所述下模具(3)移动到闭合位置(6),并且与此同时将所述第一构件(1)压入所述支承板(2)中,而对所述支承板(2)进行轮廓加工;
在将所述第一构件(1)压入所述支承板(2)期间设立电场和磁场(7)中的至少一者,使得所述流体的粘度升高;
使所述上模具(4)返回所述打开位置(5),并且将第二构件(8)布置在所述上模具(4)与所述第一构件(1)之间;
通过将至少部分的热量引入所述构件(1、8)中的至少一者中,并且使所述上模具(4)移动回所述闭合位置(6),来焊接所述第一构件(1)与所述第二构件(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,至少在焊接的步骤期间,借助冷却单元将所述支承板(2)冷却,特别是冷却至低于50摄氏度的温度。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其中,至少在焊接的步骤期间,设立的所述电场和/或磁场(7)的强度是变化的,从而所述流体的粘度是变化的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,在焊接的步骤期间,设立的所述电场和/或磁场(7)的强度下降。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其中,至少在焊接的步骤期间,所述上模具将所述第二构件(8)置于特别是高频率的振动中。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其中,在焊接的步骤期间,在所述上模具(4)移动到所述闭合位置(6)之前,向两个所述构件(1、8)之一引入热量。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其中,在定位和轮廓加工步骤期间,与返回和/或焊接的步骤中相比,所述流体呈现出更低的粘度。
8.一种用于将第一构件(1)与第二构件(8)焊接的装置,该装置包括:
上模具(4),该上模具能够在打开位置(5)与闭合位置(6)之间相对下模具(3)移动;
支承板(2),该支承板设置在所述下模具(3)与所述上模具(4)之间,并且包含电流变和/或磁流变的流体,其中
将所述上模具(4)和所述下模具(3)设置为:在向所述闭合位置(6)移动时,所述上模具(4)将所述第二构件(8)抵着所述第一构件(1)按压,并且
所述装置还具有控制设备(10),能够利用该控制设备形成至少遍布所述支承板(2)的电场和/或磁场(7),从而能够借助于所述控制设备(10)来调节电流变和/或磁流变的所述流体的粘度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述支承板(2)具有冷却单元。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置,其中,所述支承板(2)具有5cm至30cm,优选为10cm至20cm的厚度。
11.根据权利要求8至10之一所述的装置,其中,所述上模具(4)能够移动地固定于立柱元件(9)上,所述控制设备(10)设置在该立柱元件上,并且所述立柱元件(9)、所述上模具(4)以及所述下模具(3)至少部分地由磁铁材料构成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中,所述控制设备(10)具有导电的线圈,该线圈至少局部地包围所述立柱元件(9)。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的装置,其中,所述立柱元件(9)被能够旋转地安置,从而所述上模具(4)能够相对第二下模具(3)定位。
14.根据权利要求8至13之一所述的装置,其中,所述上模具(4)具有超声波发生器或者形成为超声波发生器,从而能够借助于所述上模具(4)而至少将所述第二构件(8)置于高频振动中。
15.根据权利要求8至14之一所述的装置,其中,所述下模具(3)包括支撑元件,至少所述第一构件(1)能够部分地设置在该支撑元件上。
16.根据权利要求8至15之一所述的装置,其中,所述第一构件(1)和所述第二构件(8)由塑料和/或纤维强化塑料构成。
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