CN107372480A - 一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂 - Google Patents

一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂 Download PDF

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CN107372480A
CN107372480A CN201710590984.7A CN201710590984A CN107372480A CN 107372480 A CN107372480 A CN 107372480A CN 201710590984 A CN201710590984 A CN 201710590984A CN 107372480 A CN107372480 A CN 107372480A
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polymyxins
essential oil
biological pesticide
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何永宏
秦西云
夏振远
莫笑晗
亚平
许银莲
张俊文
谢勇
陈兴全
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Yunnan micro source Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
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Yunnan Agricultural University
Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，所述生物农药水剂由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素5‑30％、植物精油5‑12％、表面活性剂8‑15％、柠檬酸0.005‑0.02％、水余量；所述多粘菌素为多粘菌素B、硫酸多粘菌素B、多粘菌素E、硫酸多粘菌素E中的一种；所述植物精油为大蒜精油、桉叶精油、薄荷精油、山苍子精油、孜然精油、柠檬精油中的一种或一种以上的混合；本发明将多粘菌素与植物精油进行复配，一起用于制备生物农药水剂，两者协同作用，可对多种土壤传染病害具有很好的防治作用，特别是对烟草黑胫病、白菜根肿病、三七根腐病、人参根腐病的防治效果显著，抗菌谱广，抗菌效率高。

Description

一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂。
背景技术
植物土传病害，是指病原体如真菌、细菌、线虫和病毒随病残体生活在土壤中，条件适宜时从作物根部或茎部侵害作物而引起的病害。侵染病原包括真菌、细菌、放线菌、线虫等。其中真菌为主，分为非专性寄生与专性寄生两类。非专性寄生是外生的根侵染真菌，如腐霉菌引起苗腐和猝倒病、丝核菌引起苗立枯病。专性寄生是植物微管束病原真菌，典型的象尖孢镰、黄萎轮枝孢等引起的萎蔫、枯死。根病的严重程度受根端分泌物成分和浓度的左右。因此，抑制根围***病原物的活动就成为保护根系并进行土传病害防治的基础。但必须重视和考虑土壤理化因素对植物、土壤微生物和根部病原物三者之间相互关系的制约作用。
其中烟草黑胫病是烟草生产上最具毁灭性的病害之一，又称烟草疫病，烟农称为“黑杆疯”、“黑根”、“乌头病”。中国各主要产烟区均有不同程度发生，其中安徽、山东、河南省为历史上的重病区；云南、贵州、四川、湖南、广东、广西、福建等南方烟区发生亦相当普遍，并多与烟草青枯病混合发生，故危害更为严重。目前防治烟草黑胫病采用的高效农药一般为甲霜灵锰锌和普力克，但是化学合成农药的使用易在土壤中产生农药残留，对环境造成不利影响，且其防效仍需要进一步提高。
多粘菌素是发现于多黏类芽孢杆菌，培养液中的抗菌性多肽，有A、B、C、D、E等五种。抗菌谱相互类似而范围宽广，特别对革兰氏阴性细菌作用颇强，毒性较弱。现在的多粘菌素一般用于人体疾病的治疗中，对于直接将多粘菌素制成水剂应用于防治植物土传病害中还未见相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，可用于防治多种土壤传染病害，特别是对烟草黑胫病、白菜根肿病、三七根腐病、人参根腐病的防治效果显著，抗菌谱广，抗菌效率高。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素5-30％、植物精油5-12％、表面活性剂8-15％、柠檬酸0.005-0.02％、水余量。
优选地，所述多粘菌素为多粘菌素B、硫酸多粘菌素B、多粘菌素E、硫酸多粘菌素E中的一种。更优选的，所述多粘菌素为多粘菌素B或硫酸多粘菌素B。
优选地，所述植物精油为大蒜精油、桉叶精油、薄荷精油、山苍子精油、孜然精油、柠檬精油中的一种或一种以上的混合。
优选地，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、吐温-40、吐温-80、NP-10、OP-10中的一种或一种以上混合物。更优选地，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、吐温-80、NP-10按质量比10：2-8：3-6混合而成。
优选地，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素18％、植物精油10％、表面活性剂12％、柠檬酸0.01％、水余量。
本发明上述防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：将水在搅拌下加入表面活性剂，完全溶解后再在连续搅拌的情况下加入多粘菌素和柠檬酸，搅拌均匀后加入植物精油，继续搅拌直至液体透明为止，即得。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明将多粘菌素应用于防治植物土传病害，其抗菌谱广，抗菌效率高，特别对革兰氏阴性细菌作用颇强，且低毒环保。其中多粘菌素分子中的环状结构能够***到细菌细胞膜中，从而改变细胞膜的渗透性，造成细胞内含物的流失导致死亡。在生物农药水剂中加入的植物精油，其可通过破坏细胞壁及细胞膜的完整性、抑制蛋白和核酸的合成、影响能量代谢及还原酶系、影响脂质层稳定、溶解细胞中的脂肪体等途径来实现对细菌的抑制。
在此基础上，本发明将多粘菌素与植物精油进行复配，一起用于制备生物农药水剂，两者协同作用，可对多种土壤传染病害具有很好的防治作用，特别是对烟草黑胫病、白菜根肿病、三七根腐病、人参根腐病的防治效果显著。同时本发明在生物农药水剂中加入适量的柠檬酸，不仅可以有效提高水剂的稳定性，同时柠檬酸的加入也可以进一步加强水剂防治土壤传染病害的功效。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例中，一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素5-30％、植物精油5-12％、表面活性剂8-15％、柠檬酸0.005-0.02％、水余量。进一步优选地，该生物农药水剂由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素18％、植物精油10％、表面活性剂12％、柠檬酸0.01％、水余量。
本发明中多粘菌素为多粘菌素B、硫酸多粘菌素B、多粘菌素E、硫酸多粘菌素E中的一种。更优选的，该多粘菌素为多粘菌素B或硫酸多粘菌素B。
本发明中植物精油为大蒜精油、桉叶精油、薄荷精油、山苍子精油、孜然精油、柠檬精油中的一种或一种以上的混合。表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、吐温-40、吐温-80、NP-10、OP-10中的一种或一种以上混合物；更优选地，该表面活性剂为十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、吐温-80、NP-10按质量比10：2-8：3-6混合而成。
本发明防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：将水在搅拌下加入表面活性剂，完全溶解后再在连续搅拌的情况下加入多粘菌素和柠檬酸，搅拌均匀后加入植物精油，继续搅拌直至液体透明为止，即得。
实施例1：
一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：硫酸多粘菌素B 18％、山苍子精油10％、表面活性剂12％、柠檬酸0.01％、水余量。
上述表面活性剂为十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、吐温-80、NP-10按质量比10：5：4混合而成。
防治对比试验：
采用实施例1中的生物农药水剂和常规方法对烟草黑胫病进行防治：
采用实施例1生物农药水剂的防治方法：移栽时采用实施例1中生物农药水剂500倍液进行蘸根处理，在移栽15天后，采用实施例1中生物农药水剂1500倍液进行罐根处理。
常规防治方法：在移栽后喷洒72％普力克可湿性粉剂500倍液1次；烟株团棵后，每亩用58％甲霜灵锰锌100g兑水55kg喷淋，使药液沿茎叶流渗到根基周围的表土层中。
设置5组示范田和1组对照田，示范田1、示范田2、示范田3按照实施例1生物农药水剂防治方法对烟草黑胫病进行防治，示范田4、示范田5、示范田6按上述常规方法对烟草黑胫病进行防治，对照田无任何防治措施。
调查方法：于田间病情稳定后对示范田和对照田中的100株烟草同时进行全面调查，获得发病率，计算相对防效(％)：
发病率(％)＝病株数/调查株数×100
相对防效(％)＝(对照田发病率-示范田发病率)/对照田发病率×100
结果如表1所示：
表1不同处理方法对烟草黑胫病的相对防效：
从表1可以可知，实施例1中多粘菌素生物农药水剂防治烟草黑胫病的效果明显较常规方法好，其相对防效可达到86.9％。除此之外，将该粘菌素生物农药水剂用常规方式对白菜根肿病、三七根腐病、人参根腐病进行防治时，其相对防效均可达到84％以上。
实施例2：
一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：硫酸多粘菌素30％、大蒜精油8％、表十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱10％、柠檬酸0.02％、水余量。
实施例3：
一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：硫酸多粘菌素E 20％、山苍子精油6％、柠檬精油6％、十二烷基苯磺酸15％、柠檬酸0.005％、水余量。
实施例4：
一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素B 15％、孜然精油5％、吐温-80 10％、NP-10 3％、柠檬酸0.015％、水余量。
实施例5：
一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素E 5％、桉叶精油6％、吐温-40 8％、柠檬酸0.01％、水余量。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素5-30％、植物精油5-12％、表面活性剂8-15％、柠檬酸0.005-0.02％、水余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的所述的防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，所述多粘菌素为多粘菌素B、硫酸多粘菌素B、多粘菌素E、硫酸多粘菌素E中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，所述多粘菌素为多粘菌素B或硫酸多粘菌素B。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，所述植物精油为大蒜精油、桉叶精油、薄荷精油、山苍子精油、孜然精油、柠檬精油中的一种或一种以上的混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸、十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、吐温-40、吐温-80、NP-10、OP-10中的一种或一种以上混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为十二烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱、吐温-80、NP-10按质量比10：2-8：3-6混合而成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的原料制成：多粘菌素18％、植物精油10％、表面活性剂12％、柠檬酸0.01％、水余量。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的防治植物土传病害的多粘菌素生物农药水剂，其特征在于，其制备方法包括以下步骤：将水在搅拌下加入表面活性剂，完全溶解后再在连续搅拌的情况下加入多粘菌素和柠檬酸，搅拌均匀后加入植物精油，继续搅拌直至液体透明为止，即得。
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