CN107354909B - Simulation micro-friction stress test system and method for water-permeable slope plate of plunge pool - Google Patents
Simulation micro-friction stress test system and method for water-permeable slope plate of plunge pool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a pond side slope plate simulation micro friction atress test system that permeates water, includes spacing box, locates the side slope simulation board in the spacing box, and spacing box links to each other with pond side slope of water cushion all around, and the gap that reaches the bottom surface all around of side slope simulation board all leaves the gap, and the gap that reaches the bottom surface all around adopts the universal wheel spacing, and side slope simulation inboard portion is equipped with side slope simulation board and spacing box vertically and draws pressure sensor, and side slope simulation board is vertical to be link up and is equipped with a plurality of holes of permeating water. The invention is used for the stress test simulation of the permeable side slope plate of the high dam plunge pool, and under the condition of meeting the similar permeable holes and gaps, the influence of boundary friction force is reduced to the maximum extent by arranging the universal wheels, so that the permeable plate moves along the direction of the vertical plate surface, the stress process of the permeable plate in the plunge pool is obtained by utilizing the tension and compression sensors, and the stress test of subareas and elevations can provide detailed technical support for the protection of the permeable plate, reduce the damage risk of the side slope of the flood discharge plunge pool, and simultaneously shorten the construction period, and reduce the construction difficulty and the engineering cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection of a high dam flood discharge energy dissipation plunge pool in hydraulic engineering, in particular to a system and a method for testing simulated micro-friction stress of a water permeable slope plate of a plunge pool.
Background
Energy dissipation by using plunge ponds is one of the main energy dissipation methods for flood discharge and energy dissipation of high dams. With the continuous deepening of hydropower development, the construction scale of the high dam in China is gradually increased, and a 200m or even 300.0m large-scale hydro junction with the world level is built or under construction, such as Wuqiangxi, beaches, three gorges, two beaches, wave bottoms, water beaks, glutinous rice ferry, bay, brocade, beaches, brook ferry, Shandong and Baihe beaches … … and the like. The method is characterized in that a high dam is built in a high mountain valley region, and the main flood discharge mode comprises the following steps: the dam body flood discharge, the bank side flood discharge and the combined flood discharge are basically in the form of dam body trajectory and plunge pool energy dissipation and scour prevention. The discharged water flow is concentrated under the jet water flow, and special water flow phenomena such as aeration, pulsation, vibration, scouring, abrasion, atomization and the like are accompanied, so that the cases of downstream energy dissipation and erosion prevention of building damage are frequently rare. It is statistical that outlet structures with near 1/3 hydraulic engineering experience different levels of damage, some of which are quite severe, with damage to the protective structures of downstream energy dissipating buildings being the most common form. According to the statistics of actual engineering data, the flood discharge energy dissipation cost accounts for about 40-50% of the total construction cost, so that the research on flood discharge energy dissipation has very important significance on the engineering safety and economy of the whole flood discharge building.
A high dam is built in the southwest region, and the main flood discharge and energy dissipation type is dam body lifting, falling, collision and pond filling energy dissipation. In order to prevent the discharged water from abrading the rocks of the mountain bodies on both sides, a concrete slab is usually poured on the surface of the mountain body to protect the mountain body. However, there is a crack between the concrete slab and the mountain, if the seepage from the dam or the water flow in the mountain cannot be discharged into the plunge pool through the concrete slab in time, the water pressure between the concrete slab and the mountain will gradually rise and finally destroy it, which may cause the plunge pool to locally collapse, affecting the operation safety of the hub. At present, two main means for solving the problem are provided, namely, firstly, a closed pumping and draining facility is arranged between a concrete slab and a mountain body, and a water body in the concrete slab is beaten into a plunge pool in real time by arranging facilities such as a water draining pipe and the like; secondly, set up the hole of permeating water at concrete slab, discharge mountain internal water through the limbers in real time. These two types are called a closed pumping type and a water-permeable protection type, respectively. The closed pumping drainage protection is a main type of the side slope protection of the hub water-cushion pond at home and abroad at present, under the condition that water stopping is not damaged and pumping drainage equipment operates normally, a side slope plate is only under the action of surface dynamic water load, the problem of instability damage does not exist, and once pumping drainage is unsmooth, the lower surface of the plate faces huge pumping pressure; when stagnant water became invalid between the plate, the dynamic water load will be transmitted to the plate lower surface, and the effective dead weight of plate reduces, and the stability and the safety of plate all receive the threat under above-mentioned two kinds of circumstances. In addition, the protection area of the high dam plunge pool is large, the risk that the closed pumping and discharging pipeline is locally plugged during construction or normal operation to cause local damage to the plunge pool side slope is high, and if a skin-building beach hydropower station is constructed, the phenomenon that side slope plates collapse due to local plugging of the drainage pipeline occurs during construction. The permeable protection can effectively reduce the risk that the drain hole is blocked to damage the side slope, but the existence of the permeable hole reduces the rigidity of the plate, in addition, the water flow structure in the plunge pool is complex, the turbulent characteristic is obvious, the acting force is applied to the permeable plate by the time-sharing pressure, the pulsating pressure, the swell and the wave height through the water through hole, and the plate is difficult to stabilize.
At present, the research on the side slope water permeability protection is few, and the complete application in high dam engineering is not realized. On the one hand, the method is mature in closed pumping type technology, skilled in construction process and widely used in high dam slope protection; on the other hand, the turbulent flow structure in the plunge pool is complex, the research is not clear, the research on the stability influence of all factors on the permeable side slope is far insufficient, and powerful technical support cannot be provided for the stable design of the permeable plate. In conclusion, for protecting the side slope of the plunge pool, under the condition of avoiding using a closed pumping drainage protection type with complex pipe network, long construction period, high manufacturing cost and damage risk, the influence of a turbulent flow structure in the plunge pool on the stability of a plate is comprehensively analyzed by a side slope permeable plate force measuring system, and the plunge pool is a project with great scientific research significance and economic value for increasing the operation safety of an energy dissipation and impact prevention building, reducing the construction cost, shortening the construction period and improving the design level of side slope protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation micro-friction stress test system and method for a permeable side slope plate of a plunge pool, which aims to effectively solve the problem of the stability influence of complex turbulent flow in the plunge pool on the permeable side slope protection plate, and is beneficial to increasing the operation safety of energy dissipation and impact prevention buildings, reducing the construction cost, shortening the construction period and improving the design level of side slope protection.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a pond side slope plate simulation micro friction atress test system that permeates water, includes spacing box, locates the side slope simulation board in the spacing box, spacing box links to each other with pond side slope of water cushion all around, the gap all is left to the bottom surface of side slope simulation board all around, and the gap that reaches the bottom surface all around adopts the universal wheel spacing, side slope simulation inboard is equipped with draws the pressure sensor, and four draw the pressure sensor to arrange on the respective centroid of side slope simulation board quartering region, draw the stiff end of pressure sensor and the surface of slope simulation plate to link to each other, draw the atress deformation end of pressing the sensor and link to each other with spacing box surface of a water back, and draw the pressure sensor and side slope simulation board and spacing box perpendicularly, the vertical lining up of side slope simulation board is equipped with a plurality of holes of permeating water.
Furthermore, the width of the gaps on the periphery and the bottom surface is not less than 2.0 mm.
Furthermore, universal wheels contacting with the slope simulation plate are arranged on the periphery and the bottom of the inner wall of the limiting box.
Furthermore, a steel sheet is arranged on the slope simulation plate and corresponds to the universal wheels, and the steel sheet is used for being in contact with the universal wheels to reduce friction force.
Furthermore, the water permeable holes are converted and simulated according to the area of the prototype water permeable holes, and the hole diameter is not less than 2.0 mm.
Further, a plurality of permeable holes are evenly arranged on the slope simulation plate.
Furthermore, the fixed end of the tension and compression sensor is connected with the surface of the slope simulation plate through a screw and a first nut, the stressed deformation end is connected with the back water surface of the limiting box through a screw and a second nut, and a gap is properly reserved between the tension and compression sensor and the slope simulation plate.
Furthermore, before the stress test, the tension and compression sensor is in a zero position by adjusting the first nut and the second nut, and before the stress test, the tension and compression sensor is in a zero position by adjusting the first nut and the second nut.
A simulation micro-friction stress test method for a permeable slope plate of a plunge pool comprises the following steps:
firstly simulating and constructing the size and the gradient of a slope simulation plate according to the size and the arrangement of a model plunge pool permeable slope plate according to a scale, simulating materials of the slope simulation plate are simulated according to volume weight, the slope simulation plate is arranged in a limit box, the periphery of the limit box is connected with a plunge pool slope, gaps are reserved on the periphery and the bottom surface of the slope simulation plate, the gaps on the periphery and the bottom surface are not less than 2.0mm, the slope simulation plate is limited by a universal wheel, four tension and compression sensors are correspondingly arranged on the center points of four-divided-area shapes of the slope simulation plate, the fixed ends of the tension and compression sensors are connected with the surface of the slope simulation plate, the stressed deformation ends of the tension and compression sensors are connected with the back water surface of the limit box, the tension and compression sensors are perpendicular to the slope simulation plate and the limit box, the slope simulation plate is vertically provided with a plurality of permeable holes in a through mode, and the permeable holes are simulated and converted according to area, the diameter of the water permeable hole is not less than 2.0mm, and the weight sum of the tension and compression sensor and the slope simulation plate is equal to the weight of the prototype plate converted according to a scale and volume weight;
the tension and compression sensor is connected with the signal amplifier and the data acquisition and signal processing device to obtain the continuous change of the tensile stress of the water permeable plate at the position under different flood discharge working conditions, and the plate stress of each part is analyzed, so that the partition and elevation-division anchoring design can be carried out.
Further, a plurality of permeable holes are evenly arranged on the slope simulation plate.
The invention is used for the stress test simulation of the permeable side slope plate of the high dam plunge pool, and under the condition of meeting the similar permeable holes and gaps, the influence of boundary friction force is reduced to the maximum extent by arranging the universal wheels, so that the permeable plate moves along the direction of the vertical plate surface, the stress process of the permeable plate in the plunge pool is obtained by utilizing the tension and compression sensors, and the stress test of subareas and elevations can provide detailed technical support for the protection of the permeable plate, reduce the damage risk of the side slope of the flood discharge plunge pool, and simultaneously shorten the construction period, and reduce the construction difficulty and the engineering cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a simulated micro-friction stress test system for a permeable side slope plate of a plunge pool according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the simulated micro-friction stress test system for the permeable side slope plate of the plunge pool.
In the figure: 1-limiting box, 2-tension and compression sensor, 3-upper universal wheel, 4-bottom universal wheel, 5-peripheral gap, 6-side universal wheel, 7-permeable hole, 8-lower universal wheel, 9-steel sheet, 10-slope simulation plate, 11-nut, 12-plunge pool slope, 13-screw rod and 14-bottom gap.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the simulation micro-friction stress test system for the permeable side slope plate of the plunge pool comprises a limit box 1, a side slope simulation plate 10 located in the limit box 1, a tension and compression sensor 2 arranged on the side slope simulation plate 10, a permeable hole 7 and a steel sheet 9, wherein the side slope simulation plate 10 is located in the middle of the limit box 1, and the periphery of the limit box 1 is connected with a side slope 12 of the plunge pool.
Gaps are reserved between the periphery and the bottom of the limiting box 1 and the side slope simulation plate 10, namely the peripheral gap 5 and the bottom gap 14 shown in fig. 2, in order to meet the similar water permeability requirement, the width of the gap is not smaller than 2.0mm, and the gaps are limited by universal wheels, so that the friction force of the boundary on the side slope simulation plate 10 is minimum. The limiting box 1 can be made of transparent materials (such as organic glass), so that the movement condition of water flow in a gap can be observed conveniently.
The inner wall and the bottom of the limiting box 1 are provided with universal wheels, specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upper side wall of the limiting box 1 is provided with an upper universal wheel 3, the lower side wall of the limiting box is provided with a lower universal wheel 8, the left side wall and the right side wall of the limiting box are provided with side universal wheels 6, and the bottom side wall of the limiting box is provided with a bottom universal wheel 4. Specific quantity can set up according to actual need, for example, all establishes a universal wheel on the upper and left and right of spacing box 1, establishes two universal wheels, 4 universal wheels are established to the bottom to the following. The universal wheel is designed like a ballpoint pen point, a ball-shaped end point of the universal wheel can move towards any direction under the condition of small stress, in order to reduce the friction force of the movement of the slope simulation plate 10 as much as possible, a steel sheet 9 is arranged on the slope simulation plate 10 at the position corresponding to the universal wheel, the steel sheet 9 is used for being in contact with the universal wheel, and the steel sheet 9 and the universal wheel are made of the same material, so that the friction force is minimum. Gaps can be properly reserved between the upper universal wheels and the steel sheet 9 at the left side and the right side between the slope simulation plate 10 and the limiting box 1, and the protruding parts of the universal wheels are the widths of the gaps due to the dead weight of the plate at the lower part and the bottom.
The slope simulation plate 10 is vertically provided with a plurality of permeable holes 7 in a through mode, conversion simulation is carried out according to the area of the prototype permeable holes, the hole diameter is not smaller than 2.0mm, and the permeable similarity is guaranteed. A plurality of permeable holes 7 are evenly arranged on the slope simulating plate 10.
The slope simulation board 10 is internally provided with a tension and compression sensor 2, the fixed end of the tension and compression sensor 2 is connected with the surface of the slope simulation board 10 through a screw 13 and a nut 11, the stressed deformation end is connected with the back surface of the limit box 1 through the screw 13 and the nut 11, a gap is properly reserved between the tension and compression sensor 2 and the slope simulation board 10, and the tension and compression sensor 2 is perpendicular to the slope simulation board 10 and the limit box 1 after the installation is completed. Before the stress test, the tension and compression sensor 2 is in a zero position by adjusting the nut 11. In one embodiment, four tension and compression sensors 2 are arranged on the centroids of the four regions of the slope simulation board 10.
The slope simulation plate 10 is made of a material (such as weighted rubber) with basically similar specific gravity, and the specific gravity of the slope simulation plate is consistent with that of the original reinforced concrete under the condition that the water permeable holes 7, the tension and compression sensors 2, the nuts 11 and the steel sheets 9 are arranged.
Under the action of water flow in the plunge pool, the slope simulation plate 10 moves along the direction with the minimum friction force, namely perpendicular to the plate, so that the pulling force of the simulation plate at different moments under the complex water flow condition of the plunge pool is analyzed.
The invention is characterized in that: the main type of the domestic and domestic plunge pool side slope protection is closed pumping drainage protection, the engineering investment and the construction period are long, the later-period operation and maintenance cost is also high, the protection area of the side slope of the plunge pool is increasingly large, a drainage pipe network is extremely complex, the risk that the local part of a drainage pipe is blocked is increased, and the risk that the corresponding side slope is locally damaged is also increased; by adopting the side slope water-permeable protection, the construction period can be effectively shortened, the investment is reduced, and the later maintenance cost and risk are reduced, but the water body of the plunge pool can freely enter and exit between the protection plate and the mountain gap due to the existence of the water-permeable holes, the water flow structure in the plunge pool is complex during flood discharge, the water body turbulence is severe, and various factors of the water body form acting force on the plate. Researchers study and reduce the stress of the slope plate by studying the area ratio of the water permeable holes to the plate; the stress of the plate is analyzed by researching the propagation rule of pulsating pressure along the gap and the water permeable hole; the stress condition of the plate can be analyzed by researching a vortex structure, swell and the like, but the research of the single factor can not directly provide the real stress condition of the permeable plate in the plunge pool and can not provide support for the permeable slope protection design.
The invention develops a new method, does not entangle the research on the action of single factors on the water permeable plate and the correlation of each factor, simulates a micro-friction stress test system by designing the slope water permeable plate, comprehensively researches the stress condition of the slope water permeable plate under the action of each factor, is simple and direct, reduces the influence of a boundary on a test result by a method of arranging the universal wheels, and provides powerful support for the design of water permeable slope protection.
According to the invention, through the micro-friction stress test system, the measurement is carried out on the condition that the gradient is 1: the board comprehensive stress condition of the permeable side slope of the plunge pool under the influence of turbulent water flow in the plunge pool is 0.1 above, so that the anchoring force required by the stability of the permeable board can be obtained through direct stress test, the permeable side slope protection design is supported with the technology, the complicated plunge pool turbulent water flow structure is prevented from being analyzed, and various factors are avoided, such as: when the plate is faced to the water surface, the uniform pressure and the pulsating pressure are propagated along the water permeable holes, the propagation rule along the gaps, the influence of surge on the stability of the plate, the influence of water surface fluctuation on the plate and the like, and the superposition or offset of the action of each factor on the plate is difficult to make quantitative research; the universal wheels are arranged to reduce the influence of boundary friction, so that the stress condition of the permeable slope plate is truly reflected, and the condition that the design cannot be provided for supporting due to the research on the acting force and the correlation of a single water flow factor is avoided; meanwhile, the micro-friction stress test system is adopted to analyze the stress of the water permeable plate blocks in different areas, and the design can be used for anchoring according to test result subareas and elevations, so that the construction period is shortened, the construction cost is reduced, and the management and maintenance cost of the later stage plunge pool side slope is also greatly reduced.
The invention also provides a method for testing by utilizing the simulation micro-friction stress test system for the permeable side slope plate of the plunge pool, which comprises the following steps:
firstly simulating and constructing the size and the gradient of a side slope simulation plate 10 according to the size and the arrangement of a prototype plunge pool permeable side slope plate block according to a scale, simulating the simulation material of the side slope simulation plate 10 according to the volume weight, carrying out simulation conversion on permeable holes 7 according to the area, uniformly arranging the permeable holes 7 with the aperture not smaller than 2.0mm, manufacturing a limit box 1 by adopting organic glass, carrying out simulation conversion on the gaps (the periphery and the bottom) between the limit box 1 and the side slope simulation plate 10 not smaller than 2.0mm, arranging a universal wheel on the limit box 1, correspondingly arranging four tension and compression sensors 2 in the four-divided-area centroid of the side slope simulation plate 10, leading the weight sum of the tension and compression sensors 2 and the side slope simulation plate 10 to be equal to the converted weight of the prototype plate block according to the scale and the volume weight, connecting the tension and compression sensors 2 with a signal amplifier, a data acquisition and a signal processing device, and obtaining the continuous change of the tensile stress of the permeable plate block at the part under different flood discharge working conditions, by analyzing the plate stress of each part, the partitioned and elevation-divided anchoring design can be carried out according to the plate stress.
Example of the implementation
The simulation micro-friction stress test system for the permeable side slope plate of the plunge pool is experimentally researched in research on the permeable side slope stability of the plunge pool, the maximum instantaneous tension fast borne by the permeable side slope plate reaches 712.2T under the condition that a dam body flood discharge water body does not directly impact the side slope of the plunge pool, the obtained test result is designed and adopted, the side slope anchoring design is designed according to test data, and the plunge pool is in a field construction stage at present.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for testing the simulated micro-friction stress of a permeable side slope plate of a plunge pool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly simulating and constructing the size and the gradient of a slope simulation plate (10) according to the size and the arrangement of a prototype permeable slope plate block of a plunge pool, simulating materials of the slope simulation plate (10) according to volume weight, arranging the slope simulation plate (10) in a limiting box (1), connecting the periphery of the limiting box (1) with a plunge pool slope (12), leaving gaps on the periphery and the bottom surface of the slope simulation plate (10) and the limiting box (1), wherein the gaps on the periphery and the bottom surface are not less than 2.0mm, limiting by adopting a universal wheel, correspondingly arranging four tension and compression sensors (2) at four division area centroid points of the slope simulation plate (10), connecting fixed ends of the tension and compression sensors (2) with the surface of the slope simulation plate (10), connecting stress deformation ends of the tension and compression sensors (2) with the back surface of the limiting box (1), and enabling the tension and compression sensors (2) to be perpendicular to the slope simulation plate (10) and the limiting box (1), the slope simulation plate (10) is vertically provided with a plurality of permeable holes (7) in a penetrating mode, the permeable holes (7) are subjected to simulation conversion according to the area, the aperture of each permeable hole (7) is not smaller than 2.0mm, and the sum of the weight of the tension and compression sensor (2) and the weight of the slope simulation plate (10) is equal to the weight of a prototype plate after conversion according to a scale and volume weight;
the tension and compression sensor (2) is connected with the signal amplifier and the data acquisition and signal processing device to obtain the continuous change of the tensile stress of the water permeable plate at the position under different flood discharge working conditions, and the design of zoning and elevation-based anchoring can be carried out according to the analysis of the plate stress of each position.
2. The method for testing the simulated micro-friction stress of the water-permeable slope plate of the plunge pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plurality of water permeable holes (7) are uniformly arranged on the slope simulation plate (10).
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