CN107342411A - A kind of preparation method of graphene silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of graphene silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode Download PDFInfo
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- CN107342411A CN107342411A CN201710544133.9A CN201710544133A CN107342411A CN 107342411 A CN107342411 A CN 107342411A CN 201710544133 A CN201710544133 A CN 201710544133A CN 107342411 A CN107342411 A CN 107342411A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electrode material preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of graphene silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode；Comprise the following steps：The once-combined material of the graphene coated of silicon nanoparticle, carbon coating and carbonization and batch mixing；Nano-silicon in the present invention is scattered in graphene film interlayer or surface, form the graphene/nanometer silicon composite of class ball-type shape, the good mechanical performance of graphene and pliability can alleviate the deformational stress of silicon, and excellent electric conductivity and thermal conductivity provide quick electronics conduction and heat evacuation；The once-combined material of carbon coating is prepared by the growth of carbosphere again after heat treatment, the island effect that the carbon coating layer of formation avoids silicon grain causes silicon directly to be contacted with electrolyte, further improves the structural stability and cycle performance of material；The silicon-carbon cathode material prepared using the present invention has the advantages of initial coulomb efficiency height, stable cycle performance, compacted density are high and electrode structure is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrode material preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of graphene-silicon-carbon negative electrode of lithium ion battery
The preparation method of material.
Background technology
As global emerging economy process of industrialization is constantly accelerated, global energy consumption continues to increase, global fossil energy
Source accelerates exhaustion.At the same time, environmental pollution and CO2 emission problem getting worse, world community is to energy-conserving and environment-protective
Concern it is growing day by day.In terms of automobile industry energy-saving and emission-reduction trend, Development of EV is automotive engineering progress and industrial upgrading
Inevitable choice.In recent years, World Main Auto producing country accelerates to dispose one after another, is fought development new-energy automobile as country
Slightly, accelerate Push Technology research and development and industrialization, while greatly develop and popularization and application automobile energy-saving technology.From global main prosperity
From the point of view of the new industry development strategy released successively of country, new energy and electric automobile have turned into the common recognition of global evolution, and
Seize the crucial commanding elevation of economic development.
Negative material the core link in lithium battery industry middle reaches, is carrying as one of four big composition material of lithium battery
Play an important roll in terms of the capacity and cycle performance of high battery.In negative material field, from the nineties in last century, graphite is just
Dominant position is firmly occupied, the current market share is about 80%.The price advantage of graphite negative electrodes is more obvious, with positive pole material
The supporting basis of material, electrolyte and other lithium battery materials is more perfect.But the current reversible ratio of commercialization graphite negative electrodes material
Capacity is soon close to theoretical specific capacity 372mAh/g, and raising space is limited, therefore the exploitation of other high-capacity cathode materials
Using extremely urgent.
According to China《Energy-conservation and new-energy automobile Technology Roadmap》Planning, to the year two thousand twenty, China's pure electric vehicle power
Battery cell energy density target 350Wh/kg.At present, the main path that realize this target is development high-energy-density electricity
Pole material.In this context, positive development ＆ production novel anode material raising lithium ion battery energy density seems particularly necessary
With it is important.
Silicon carbon material is to study more ripe, nearest from industrialization high-capacity cathode material instantly.Although silicium cathode holds
Amount be up to 4200mAh/g, but silicium cathode material in removal lithium embedded with 300% volumetric expansion, lithium can not be applied individually to any
Ion battery.At present typically by after silicon nanosizing (<150nm), and with carbon it is excessive to alleviate to form nano-silicone wire/carbon composite material
Volumetric expansion, improve the performances such as circulation and the multiplying power of material.But the high rate performance of the silicon-carbon cathode of current production and follow
Ring performance is still unable to meet demand.
Graphene pacified the strong seas nurse of moral and Constantine in 2004 as a kind of novel nano-material by British scientist
Nuo Woxiao loves are successfully separated using mechanical stripping method, and obtain Nobel Prize in physics in 2010.Graphene is generation
Material most hard in boundary, pliability is most strong, and the unique Two Dimensional Free state atomic crystal having now been found that, are referred to as " miracle
Material ".In addition, graphene also has great specific surface area, and it is almost fully transparent, there is excellent electrical and thermal conductivity
Energy.
Graphene and nano-silicon are compounded to form graphene/nanometer silicon composite, apply well graphene high intensity,
The excellent properties such as high tenacity, electric-conductivity heat-conductivity high, further alleviate nano-silicon caused volumetric expansion in charge and discharge process, improve
The electrical conductivity of material, it is the fine method for improving the performances such as high rate charge-discharge and the circulation of silicon-carbon cathode material.
Patent CN201610205702 by by graphene oxide, silica flour ultrasonic mixing, freeze-drying, then warp later
To graphene coated silicon composite cathode material, although the discharge capacity first with up to 3215mAh/g, coulomb is imitated first
Rate but as little as 74%, show that silicon grain is coated well, contacted with electrolyte, efflorescence.
By ultrasonic graphite powder and nano silica fume dispersion liquid in patent CN201510294379, centrifugation gained is then filtered
Supernatant liquor, the composite of graphene and nano-silicon is obtained through calcination processing.Although this method technique is simple, due to
Many nano-silicons are all exposed, thus capacity is low, Cycle Difference.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of graphene-silicon-carbon negative electrode of lithium ion battery
The preparation method of material, the silicon-carbon cathode material prepared using the present invention have initial coulomb efficiency height, stable cycle performance, pressure
The advantages of real density height and stable electrode structure.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode, is comprised the following steps：
1) graphene coated of silicon nanoparticle：The silica flour of micron level is first sanded, adds graphene solution
Continue to be sanded, obtain graphene-nano-silicon mixed liquor, then the method by spray drying obtains graphene-nano-silicon class ball
Shape particle；
2) the once-combined material of carbon coating：Step 1) is obtained into graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle to be heat-treated, heat
Graphene-nano silicon particles after processing are uniformly dispersed in pitch, then can obtain inner homogeneous point by pyroreaction
Dissipate the carbosphere of graphene-silicon nanoparticle；
3) carbonization and batch mixing：The carbosphere obtained in step 2) is passed through into carbonization treatment, then mixed with other carbon materials
It can obtain graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material together.
Preferably, condition needed for spray drying is 110-210 DEG C of inlet temperature in the step 1), outlet temperature 80-110
℃。
Preferably, the Technology for Heating Processing in the step 2) is：Dried graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is put
Enter in high temperature furnace under conditions of 600-800 DEG C, be incubated 0.5-3h.
Preferably, silica flour particle diameter is 2-8 μm in the step 1), and the concentration of graphene solution is 0.1-0.5g/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of silica flour and graphene solution is 1 in the step 1)：1-10.
Preferably, the growing method of carbosphere is in the step 2)：Pitch is put into reactor and is warming up to 100-200
DEG C, graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is added, 200-420 DEG C is raised to after stirring, is incubated 0.5-3h, Temperature fall, temperature
When degree drops to 80-150 DEG C, a certain amount of washing oil is added, heat filtering is carried out when temperature is down to 70-100 DEG C, is then done in air blast
60-100 DEG C of dry 0.5-2h in dry case.
Preferably, pitch used is medium temperature carbobitumen in the step 2).
Preferably, other carbon materials in the step 3) select appointing in Delanium, native graphite, hard carbon and soft carbon
Meaning is a kind of, two kinds, three kinds or four kinds.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbosphere in the step 3) and other carbon materials is 1：1-10.
Using above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is：
1st, nano-silicon is scattered in graphene film interlayer or surface in this patent, forms the graphene/nanometer of class ball-type shape
Silicon composite, the good mechanical performance of graphene and pliability can alleviate the deformational stress of silicon, excellent electric conductivity and lead
It is hot that quick electronics conduction and heat evacuation are provided.
2nd, the once-combined material of carbon coating, the carbon coating of formation are prepared by the growth of carbosphere again after Overheating Treatment
Layer, which avoids the island effect of silicon grain, causes silicon directly to be contacted with electrolyte, further improve the structural stability of material with
Cycle performance.The last once-combined material of carbon coating uniformly merges with Delanium prepares graphene/nanometer silicon-carbon Compound Negative
Pole material.
3rd, the silicon-carbon cathode material prepared using the present invention has initial coulomb efficiency height, stable cycle performance, compacting close
The advantages of degree height and stable electrode structure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the carbosphere schematic diagram for including graphene-silicon nanoparticle in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the carbosphere scanning electron microscope image in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material prepared charging and discharging curve under 0.1C test electric current of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the cyclic curve of graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material prepared by the present invention；
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Based on embodiments of the invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belong to the model that the present invention protects
Enclose.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode, is comprised the following steps：
1) graphene coated of silicon nanoparticle：The silica flour of micron level is first sanded, adds graphene solution
Continue to be sanded, obtain graphene-nano-silicon mixed liquor, then the method by spray drying obtains graphene-nano-silicon class ball
Shape particle；
2) the once-combined material of carbon coating：Step 1) is obtained into graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle to be heat-treated, heat
Graphene-nano silicon particles after processing are uniformly dispersed in pitch, then can obtain inner homogeneous point by pyroreaction
Dissipate the carbosphere of graphene-nano silicon particles；
3) carbonizationization and batch mixing：The carbosphere obtained in step 2) is passed through into carbonization treatment, then mixed with other carbon materials
It is combined and can obtain graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material.
Preferably, condition needed for spray drying is 110 DEG C of inlet temperature in the step 1), 80 DEG C of outlet temperature.
Preferably, the Technology for Heating Processing in the step 2) is：Dried graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is put
Enter in high temperature furnace under conditions of 600 DEG C, be incubated 0.5h.
Preferably, silica flour particle diameter is 2 μm in the step 1), and the concentration of graphene solution is 0.1g/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of silica flour and graphene solution is 1 in the step 1)：1.
Preferably, the growing method of carbosphere is in the step 2)：Pitch is put into reactor and is warming up to 100 DEG C,
Graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is added, 200 DEG C are raised to after stirring, is incubated 0.5h, Temperature fall, temperature drops to 80
DEG C when, add a certain amount of washing oil, heat filtering carried out when temperature is down to 70 DEG C, then 60 DEG C of dryings in air dry oven
0.5h。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbosphere in the step 3) and other carbon materials is 1：1.
Under 0.1C test electric current, initial charge specific capacity is graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material prepared by the present invention
660mAh/g.Capacity is also maintained at 618mAh/g after circulating 300 weeks.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode, is comprised the following steps：
1) graphene coated of silicon nanoparticle：The silica flour of micron level is first sanded, adds graphene solution
Continue to be sanded, obtain graphene-nano-silicon mixed liquor, then the method by spray drying obtains graphene-nano-silicon class ball
Shape particle；
2) the once-combined material of carbon coating：Step 1) is obtained into graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle to be heat-treated, heat
Graphene-nano silicon particles after processing are uniformly dispersed in pitch, then can obtain inner homogeneous point by pyroreaction
Dissipate the carbosphere of graphene-silicon nanoparticle；
3) carbonization and batch mixing：The carbosphere obtained in step 2) is passed through into carbonization treatment, then mixed with other carbon materials
It can obtain graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material together.
Preferably, condition needed for spray drying is 160 DEG C of inlet temperature in the step 1), 90 DEG C of outlet temperature.
Preferably, the Technology for Heating Processing in the step 2) is：Dried graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is put
Enter in high temperature furnace under conditions of 680 DEG C, be incubated 1h.
Preferably, silica flour particle diameter is 4 μm in the step 1), and the concentration of graphene solution is 0.3g/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of silica flour and graphene solution is 1 in the step 1)：5.
Preferably, the growing method of carbosphere is in the step 2)：Pitch is put into reactor and is warming up to 145 DEG C,
Graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is added, 320 DEG C are raised to after stirring, is incubated 1h, Temperature fall, temperature drops to 110 DEG C
When, a certain amount of washing oil is added, heat filtering is carried out when temperature is down to 85 DEG C, then 80 DEG C of dry 1h in air dry oven.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbosphere in the step 3) and other carbon materials is 1：4.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode, is comprised the following steps：
1) graphene coated of silicon nanoparticle：The silica flour of micron level is first sanded, adds graphene solution
Continue to be sanded, obtain graphene-nano-silicon mixed liquor, then the method by spray drying obtains graphene-nano-silicon class ball
Shape particle；
2) the once-combined material of carbon coating：Step 1) is obtained into graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle to be heat-treated, heat
Graphene-nano silicon particles after processing are uniformly dispersed in pitch, then can obtain inner homogeneous point by pyroreaction
Dissipate the carbosphere of graphene-silicon nanoparticle；
3) carbonization and batch mixing：The carbosphere obtained in step 2) is passed through into carbonization treatment, then mixed with other carbon materials
It can obtain graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material together.
Preferably, condition needed for spray drying is 190 DEG C of inlet temperature in the step 1), 105 DEG C of outlet temperature.
Preferably, the Technology for Heating Processing in the step 2) is：Dried graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is put
Enter in high temperature furnace under conditions of 760 DEG C, be incubated 2h.
Preferably, silica flour particle diameter is 6 μm in the step 1), and the concentration of graphene solution is 0.4g/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of silica flour and graphene solution is 1 in the step 1)：8.
Preferably, the growing method of carbosphere is in the step 2)：Pitch is put into reactor and is warming up to 186 DEG C,
Graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is added, 395 DEG C are raised to after stirring, is incubated 2h, Temperature fall, temperature drops to 135 DEG C
When, a certain amount of washing oil is added, heat filtering is carried out when temperature is down to 93 DEG C, then 90 DEG C of dryings in air dry oven
1.5h。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbosphere in the step 3) and other carbon materials is 1：7.
Embodiment 4：
A kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode, is comprised the following steps：
1) graphene coated of silicon nanoparticle：The silica flour of micron level is first sanded, adds graphene solution
Continue to be sanded, obtain graphene-nano-silicon mixed liquor, then the method by spray drying obtains graphene-nano-silicon class ball
Shape particle；
2) the once-combined material of carbon coating：Step 1) is obtained into graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle to be heat-treated, heat
Graphene-nano silicon particles after processing are uniformly dispersed in pitch, then can obtain inner homogeneous point by pyroreaction
Dissipate the carbosphere of graphene-silicon nanoparticle；
3) carbonization and batch mixing：The carbosphere obtained in step 2) is passed through into carbonization treatment, then mixed with other carbon materials
It can obtain graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material together.
Preferably, condition needed for spray drying is 210 DEG C of inlet temperature in the step 1), 110 DEG C of outlet temperature.
Preferably, the Technology for Heating Processing in the step 2) is：Dried graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is put
Enter in high temperature furnace under conditions of 800 DEG C, be incubated 3h.
Preferably, silica flour particle diameter is 8 μm in the step 1), and the concentration of graphene solution is 0.5g/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of silica flour and graphene solution is 1 in the step 1)：10.
Preferably, the growing method of carbosphere is in the step 2)：Pitch is put into reactor and is warming up to 200 DEG C,
Graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is added, 420 DEG C are raised to after stirring, is incubated 3h, Temperature fall, temperature drops to 150 DEG C
When, a certain amount of washing oil is added, heat filtering is carried out when temperature is down to 100 DEG C, then 100 DEG C of dryings in air dry oven
2h。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbosphere in the step 3) and other carbon materials is 1：10.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
The present invention is described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still can be to foregoing each implementation
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or carries out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic；And these modification or
Replace, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) graphene coated of silicon nanoparticle：The silica flour of micron level is first sanded, adds graphene solution continuation
It is sanded, obtains graphene-nano-silicon mixed liquor, then the method by spray drying obtains spherical of graphene-nano-silicon
Grain；
2) the once-combined material of carbon coating：Step 1) is obtained into graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle to be heat-treated, is heat-treated
Graphene-nano silicon particles afterwards are uniformly dispersed in pitch, then can be obtained inner homogeneous by pyroreaction and be scattered here and there
The carbosphere of graphene-silicon nanoparticle；
3) carbonization and batch mixing：The carbosphere obtained in step 2) is passed through into carbonization treatment, is then blended in one with other carbon materials
Rise and can obtain graphene-silicon-carbon cathode material.
2. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：Condition needed for spray drying is 110-210 DEG C of inlet temperature in the step 1), 80-110 DEG C of outlet temperature.
3. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：Technology for Heating Processing in the step 2) is：Dried graphene-nano-silicon spherical particle is put into high temperature furnace
Under conditions of 600-800 DEG C, 0.5-3h is incubated.
4. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：Silica flour particle diameter is 2-8 μm in the step 1), and the concentration of graphene solution is 0.1-0.5g/mL.
5. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：The mass ratio of silica flour and graphene solution is 1 in the step 1)：1-10.
6. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：The growing method of carbosphere is in the step 2)：Pitch is put into reactor and is warming up to 100-200 DEG C, adds graphite
Alkene-nano-silicon spherical particle, 200-420 DEG C is raised to after stirring, is incubated 0.5-3h, Temperature fall, temperature drops to 80-
At 150 DEG C, a certain amount of washing oil is added, heat filtering is carried out when temperature is down to 70-100 DEG C, then the 60- in air dry oven
100 DEG C of dry 0.5-2h.
7. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：Pitch used is medium temperature carbobitumen in the step 2).
8. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：Other carbon materials in the step 3) select in Delanium, native graphite, hard carbon and soft carbon any one, two kinds,
Three kinds or four kinds.
9. a kind of preparation method of graphene-silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode according to claim 1, its feature exist
In：The mass ratio of carbosphere and other carbon materials in the step 3) is 1：1-10.
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| CN108276612A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-13 | 林荣铨 | A kind of preparation and application of graphene/silicon composite heat-conducting silicone grease |
| CN108615866A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-02 | 无锡尼摩新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of agraphitic carbon lithium cell cathode material containing nano-silicon |
| CN109449385A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-03-08 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | Carbon-coated unformed silicon/graphene composite negative pole and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN109473664A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-15 | 桑德集团有限公司 | The preparation method of Si-C composite material |
| CN110581260A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-17 | 山东欧铂新材料有限公司 | Lithium ion battery silicon composite negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
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| CN111697206A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-09-22 | 吉林聚能新型炭材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of silicon-carbon negative electrode material |
| CN113122749A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 山西沃特海默新材料科技股份有限公司 | Carbon source reinforcing agent, carbon source reinforcing alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113659125A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-16 | 广东墨睿科技有限公司 | Silicon-carbon composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114243017A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117276523A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-12-22 | 湖北斯诺新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of silicon-carbon composite material |
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| CN113122749A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 山西沃特海默新材料科技股份有限公司 | Carbon source reinforcing agent, carbon source reinforcing alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Denomination of invention: Preparation method of Graphene silicon carbon lithium ion battery cathode material Effective date of registration: 20230613 Granted publication date: 20200114 Pledgee: Maanshan Branch of China Everbright Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Anhui Keda New Materials Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980043813 |