CN107339352A - A kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tunes bump leveller - Google Patents

A kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tunes bump leveller Download PDF

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CN107339352A
CN107339352A CN201710721345.XA CN201710721345A CN107339352A CN 107339352 A CN107339352 A CN 107339352A CN 201710721345 A CN201710721345 A CN 201710721345A CN 107339352 A CN107339352 A CN 107339352A
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msup
mrow
mfrac
coil
omega
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CN107339352B (en
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杨铁军
喻柳丁
李新辉
黎文科
杨雨浓
辛和
吴磊
黄迪
朱丽平
徐阳
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F6/00Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs, i.e. magnetic spring combined with a fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/104Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller uses faraday's principle of Electromagnetic generation, mover magnetic field is cut by coil the kinetic energy of vibration is converted into electric energy, then coil is connected to load circuit, changed by the impedance operator circuital current for adjusting load circuit.Because current-carrying coil can produce Ampere force in magnetic field, different electric currents can produce different size of Ampere force, and it can also produce different feedback effects to former mechanical system, so as to cause former mechanical system rigidity and the different of damping to change by electromechanical Coupling.The regulation of impedance operator can then be realized by digital circuit.More rapid and simple relative to traditional mechanical regulation, this regulation using electromagnetic coupled mode, required control system is also relative will simply and stably, advantageously in the integrated of adjustable bump leveller, miniaturization and the realization of low energy consumption.

Description

A kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tunes bump leveller
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical vibration control field, and in particular to a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tunes bump leveller.
Background technology
During machine operation, excessive vibration can cause badly damaged to structure and machine.In some cases, vibrate Suppression it is especially important, such as the vibration problem in Aero-Space task.Due to being hindered in Aero-Space under weightless and vacuum environment Buddhist nun's very little, can also last very long even if small vibration.On the other hand with the lifting of modern life quality, people are to week The requirement more and more higher in collarette border, the control of mechanical oscillation also no longer simply content just to mechanical mechanism design standard, also needed Fully to meet the needs of people are to engineering goods comfortableness.
Dynamic vibration absorber is to be invented by Frahm for 1909, it have principle it is simple, it is economical, conveniently, inhibition it is notable The advantages of, had a wide range of applications in various vibration control fields.But it also has a very important shortcoming, dynamic vibration absorber Operating frequency range is very narrow, when the intrinsic frequency and the larger frequency phase-difference of foundation structure vibration of bump leveller, now not only not The vibration on basis can be suppressed, or even can also play a part of vibration amplification.Therefore, every field is all attempted to traditional power suction The device that shakes is improved, and typically has two ways to realize:Bump leveller is adjusted inherently to damp with regulation bump leveller.By changing absorbing The rigidity and quality of device can reach the purpose for changing its intrinsic frequency, using the control method of half active, in certain work In the range of, the intrinsic frequency of bump leveller can be caused to be matched all the time with fundamental vibration frequency, reach optimal inhibition.Separately A kind of method is to increase the damping of bump leveller, and dynamic vibration absorber its operating frequency range after addition damping will be far longer than without hindrance Buddhist nun's situation.Certainly the mode of this addition damping can also sacrifice certain vibration control effect, thus the increase damped nor It is the bigger the better, an optimal value is present.
Regulation generally use for quality rigidity change mechanical structure, regulation centroid position, increase non-individual body prestressing force, Add the modes such as extra active force to realize, these modes are required to the regulation of mechanical system, and required energy is larger, regulation Required control system is also relatively complicated, and design and operation cost is all very high.And damp often at the beginning of design just Through what is designed, it is difficult to realize adjusts again in the course of the work.These factors cause adjustable dynamic vibration absorber application and Development is restricted.Therefore only more easy economic tuning manner could cause this adjustable bump leveller really to obtain It is widely popularized and applies.
The content of the invention
The present invention tunes bump leveller for a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit, it is characterised in that:Described electromagnetism mechanical-electric coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller includes mechanical part and digital circuits section;Mechanical part is made up of mover and stator, passes through both ends Linear bearing is fixed on centre pilot;Stationary part is made up of shell and coil, coil be located at mover and side casings it Between;Digital processing circuit includes A/D module, digital process controller and D/A module, and coil is connected with digital circuit.
It is characterized in that:Described mover is made up of three blocks of armature and two blocks of magnet, and two blocks of magnet are respectively at two armature Between, wherein being topmost installed with two linear bearings with bottom two blocks of armature;The upper and lower side armature part of mover with The end housing up and down of stator passes through compression spring shrink assembly.
It is characterized in that:Described linear bearing selects linear linear bearing, and guide rod slipper is square, controls mover Around the free degree of center rotating.
It is characterized in that:Described stator includes bump leveller shell and coil, and lower plate is provided with threaded mounting hole, passes through lower plate On mounting hole threaded connection by the device be arranged on vibrational structure on;In the fixation such as location guide spring base and shell;Side The good material of face shell selection magnetic property.
It is characterized in that:Described coil is fixed on close to the position of mover magnet, is surround with circular multilayer;Without prejudice to The gap that mover is reduced between coil and mover in the case of vibrating.
It is characterized in that:Described digital circuit is to include AD, digital process controller, DA three parts, the circuit and line Circle string
Connection forms closed loop, and when coil-induced electric current flows through the circuit, A/D module is translated into data signal, passes through number After the PID control processing of word signal processing controller, DA return circuits are output to.
It is characterized in that:The final effect of described digital process controller is equivalent to series resistance and electric capacity, equivalent electric Resistance R and equivalent capacity C size should meet:
The impedance operator of the digital circuit of regulation should meet below equation:
Wherein k is the total equivalent stiffness of spring, and c is mechanical damping suffered when mover vibrates, and ω is that structure to be controlled is shaken Dynamic circular frequency, L are the electrodynamic capacity of coil, and B is the magnetic field intensity residing for coil, and l is the effective length of coil, and μ is to be controlled Structure equivalent mass processed and mover mass ratio.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller of the present invention, passes through the circuit part control of mechanical-electric coupling System frequency processed, so that device is issued to absorbing in the different Typical Vibration frequencies of environment, solve to have filled with this The problem of putting single working frequency and regulative mode complexity;
2. a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller of the present invention, is realized by the regulation of circuit characteristic The change of intrinsic frequency, regulative mode is more intelligent, economical, simple and stably relative to mechanical adjustment, is also beneficial to can adjust The integrated and miniaturization of bump leveller.
3. a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller of the present invention, the regulation of circuit characteristic is using numeral electricity Road is adjusted, and adjusts continuity and precision is higher, and it is also more convenient that control is got up, the control system power consumption entirely adjusted also pole It is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is mechanical structure portion sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is circuit part digital processing schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 simplifies electromechanical Coupling Model schematic diagram for the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
A kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tunes bump leveller, is specifically divided into two parts, a part is machinery as shown in Figure 1 Structure division, another part are circuit parts as shown in Figure 2.The mover of mechanical structure portion is by 7 groups of magnet 6 and armature Into, be fixed on by the linear bearing 2 at both ends on centre pilot 10, can be achieved above-below direction slidably, mover up and down End is respectively by the shrink assembly of compression spring 1.Stationary part is made up of shell and coil, upper 3, lower 9 plates be for location guide Deng position, side casings 4 can be engaged with mover field circuit, strengthen the magnetic field intensity by coil.When the mechanical part After on vibrational structure, mover vibrates therewith, the cutting magnetic induction line of coil 5 and produce induced-current.Coil is connected to number In word circuit 12, pass through the output that control algolithm changes digital circuit so that the equivalent resistance of equivalent circuit where coil and wait It is adjustable to imitate electric capacity.Different Ampere forces is generated because the size of current in coil is influenceed by circuit impedance, this peace Training power can feed back to mechanical system again, change intrinsic frequency and the damping of former mover vibration, when digital process controller allows all the time When the intrinsic frequency of mover vibration and damping are in the relative relatively figure of merit, it is possible to reach the purpose of bump leveller tuning.
Preferably, linear bearing selects linear linear bearing, and guide rod slipper is square, and control mover is around center rotating The free degree.
Preferably, the good material of side casings selection magnetic property, to strengthen the magnetic field intensity by coil magnetic loop.
Preferably, in the gap reduced in the case of being vibrated without prejudice to mover between coil and mover.
Preferably, the device is arranged on vibrational structure with threaded connection by the mounting hole 8 in lower plate.
The present invention tunes bump leveller for a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit, to make purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention is implemented It is clearer with advantage, technical scheme is further described in more detail below.In the accompanying drawings, it is identical from beginning to end Or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Based on the implementation in the present invention Example, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, is belonged to The scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller of the present invention, can be reduced to oscillator-spring-damper system System, optimal vibration suppression effect can be reached when the intrinsic frequency of bump leveller is consistent with the vibration frequency of vibration of foundation structure Fruit.It is difficult to reach completely the same when frequency is adjusted, can be reduced by adjusting the damping of the invention due to frequency little deviation And caused influence.Bump leveller, the either regulation of frequency are tuned for inventing a kind of described electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit also The regulation for being damping is realized by the regulation of circuit characteristic where coil.Illustrate its Principles of Regulation and tool with reference to Fig. 3 Body implementation method:
Mover gross mass is m, and the global stiffness of compression spring is k, and the mechanical damping of mover vibration is c, and mover is by permanent magnetic Iron and armature composition, so can have constant magnetic field around mover, coil is in magnetic field, and when mover vibrates, magnetic field is sent out Raw displacement, it is relative, coil cutting magnetic induction line and produce induced-current.Coil is in series with digital circuit simultaneously, passes through control After the control process of device, it is equivalent to be connected with a variable resistance R and variable condenser C.It is fixed according to newtonian motion second The Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) of rule and circuit can obtain the mechanical-electric coupling differential governing equation of whole mechanically and electrically road system:
Wherein x is the displacement of mover vibration deviation equipoise, the magnetic field intensity that unit m, B are provided by mover, Unit is tesla, and I is the alternating current in circuit, and unit is ampere, and l is the effective length of coil, and unit is rice, and F is outer The size of exciting force, unit are newton, and ω is the circular frequency of external excitation, and unit is 1/ second, and letter top a little represents the physics Measure time differential.
The equivalent stiffness of the system is obtained by Laplace transform to formula (1) and equivalent damping is:
When adjusting R and C, equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping size will change so thatEqual to external excitation Frequencies omega can causes the effectiveness in vibration suppression of dynamic vibration absorber to be optimal, but this perfect regulation shape in the realistic case State is difficult to realize, or dynamic excitation frequency is not invariable, so changing to reduce bump leveller to frequency Susceptibility, it is necessary to for bump leveller increase damping.Increasing the optimal size damped isSo according to (2), (3) Formula, the impedance operator of adjusted digital circuit should meet below equation:
Digital processing circuit of the present invention includes A/D module, digital processing unit and D/A module, and AD is by the simulation of electric current Signal is converted into data signal, and digital processing unit carries out including the operation such as amplitude gain regulation, phase adjusted, output to the signal Signal after DA by exporting return circuit, so as to realize the regulation to the impedance operator of coil circuit.
Mover quality, spring rate, magnetic field intensity, the size of coil effective length and size of the present invention are all can Become, specific size, it should the application scenario of bump leveller is tuned for a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit described in the invention To consider and optimize, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can be with Various deformations or amendments are made within the scope of the claims, and this has no effect on the substantive content of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tunes bump leveller, it is characterised in that:Described electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning is inhaled The device that shakes includes mechanical part and digital circuits section;Mechanical part is made up of mover and stator, is consolidated by the linear bearing at both ends It is scheduled on centre pilot;Stationary part is made up of shell and coil, and coil is between mover and side casings;Digital processing Circuit includes A/D module, digital process controller and D/A module, and coil is connected with digital circuit.
A kind of 2. electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described mover It is made up of three blocks of armature and two blocks of magnet, two blocks of magnet are respectively between two armature, wherein topmost being held in the mouth with bottom two pieces Ferropexy is provided with two linear bearings;The upper and lower side armature part of mover and the end housing up and down of stator are pre- by compression spring It is closely assembled.
A kind of 3. electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described straight line Bearing selects linear linear bearing, and guide rod slipper is square, the free degree of the control mover around center rotating.
A kind of 4. electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described stator Including bump leveller shell and coil, lower plate is provided with threaded mounting hole, is threadedly coupled by the mounting hole in lower plate by the device On vibrational structure;In the fixation such as location guide spring base and shell;The good material of side casings selection magnetic property.
A kind of 5. electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described coil It is fixed on close to the position of mover magnet, is surround with circular multilayer;Coil is reduced in the case where being vibrated without prejudice to mover with moving Gap between son.
A kind of 6. electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described numeral Circuit is to include AD, digital process controller, DA three parts, and the circuit connects to form closed loop with coil, coil-induced electric current stream When crossing the circuit, A/D module is translated into data signal, after the PID control processing of Digital Signal Processing controller, It is output to DA return circuits.
A kind of 7. electromagnetism Electromechanical Coupling Circuit tuning bump leveller according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described numeral The final effect of processing controller is equivalent to series resistance and electric capacity, and equivalent resistance R and equivalent capacity C size should meet:
<mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mi>L&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>C</mi> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> <msup> <mi>B</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>C</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>m&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
<mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>RB</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>C</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>8</mn> </mfrac> <mfrac> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
The impedance operator of the digital circuit of regulation should meet below equation:
<mrow> <msup> <mi>m&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mi>L&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>C</mi> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>C</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
<mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>8</mn> </mfrac> <mfrac> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;mu;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <msub> <mi>RB</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>C</mi> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>&amp;omega;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
Wherein k is the total equivalent stiffness of spring, and c is mechanical damping suffered when mover vibrates, and ω is structural vibration to be controlled Circular frequency, L are the electrodynamic capacity of coil, and B is the magnetic field intensity residing for coil, and l is the effective length of coil, and μ is knot to be controlled Structure equivalent mass and mover mass ratio.
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CN107939901A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-04-20 上海工程技术大学 A kind of magnetic rheology elastic body semi-active type dynamic vibration absorber and type selecting installation method
CN108226944A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-29 乐清市秋瑞软件开发有限公司 A kind of anti-falling type electromechanical integration laser range finder
CN108343694A (en) * 2018-03-07 2018-07-31 武汉理工大学 A kind of mixed type dynamic vibration absorber using bicyclic concatenation type permanent magnet
CN112460178A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-09 中国舰船研究设计中心 Self-tuning low-power actuator, active control system and control method
CN112984039A (en) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-18 武汉理工大学 Axial system transverse vibration large-force-value inertial type electromagnetic active control device
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CN108226944A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-29 乐清市秋瑞软件开发有限公司 A kind of anti-falling type electromechanical integration laser range finder
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