CN107335460B - A kind of preparation method and applications of composite photocatalyst material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and applications of composite photocatalyst material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107335460B CN107335460B CN201710605248.4A CN201710605248A CN107335460B CN 107335460 B CN107335460 B CN 107335460B CN 201710605248 A CN201710605248 A CN 201710605248A CN 107335460 B CN107335460 B CN 107335460B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 89
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UMEAURNTRYCPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iron(2+) Chemical compound N.[Fe+2] UMEAURNTRYCPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXNYKOAICSPUKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyanocyanamide Chemical compound N#CN(C#N)C#N ZXNYKOAICSPUKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethyl Chemical compound O[CH2] CBOIHMRHGLHBPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003256 environmental substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B01J35/58—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/002—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by dehydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
- C01B2203/1223—Methanol
Abstract
A kind of preparation method and applications of composite photocatalyst material, belong to photocatalysis field, by processes such as freeze-drying, hydrothermal synthesis and high-temperature calcinations, finally obtain to visible light-responded, activated centre is more, absorptivity and the higher AgNPs/g-C of photocatalytic activity3N4Composite photocatalyst material.The preparation process of the composite material is simple, reaction condition is mild, and raw material are relatively inexpensive, be easy to get, toxicity is low and environmentally friendly.The AgNPs/g-C of preparation3N4Composite photocatalyst material at room temperature can catalysis methanol dehydrogenation be made hydrogen, provide certain reference for the industrialized utilization of anhydrous methanol.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental chemical engineering photocatalysis technology fields, and in particular to the production technical field of photochemical catalyst.
Background technique
Fossil fuel traditional at present can not adapt to efficient today's society, economy, cleaning energy to the seriously polluted of environment
The standard of source system, while global environmental problem is got worse, but also people more pay attention to utilization and the environment of the energy
Protection.Hydrogen Energy is one of ideal clean energy resource, is all widely used in many aspects as important industrial chemicals.
Methanol is a kind of important industrial chemicals, not only can chemically be synthesized from fossil resource, but also can be from biomass system
It taking, it using methanol direct dehydrogenation is to study more scheme at present under anaerobic and various catalysts conditions that molecular structure is simple,
Wherein selecting excellent catalyst is the key point of this method research.There are many catalysis of methanol direct dehydrogenation at present
Agent can be divided into metal, four class of zeolite, carbonate and oxide according to the difference of its property, but due to various reasons all without real
Now industrialize.
g-C3N4Have visible light-responded ability and high stability, can be used for Methanol Decomposition, water decomposition, dyestuff degradation etc.
Aspect.But g-C3N4There is also many limitations, for example band gap is relatively narrow, the combination fast speed of electron hole pair, limitation
The development in its field in photocatalysis.
Summary of the invention
For problem above of the existing technology, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of synthesis being simple to operate and friendly to environment
The photochemical catalyst of method, preparation can have good photocatalysis performance catalysis methanol hydrogen manufacturing under visible light.
The present invention the following steps are included:
1) dicyanodiamine (CGN) is dissolved in water, obtains nitrogen source solution；
2) it is stood after mixing silver nitrate solution with nitrogen source solution, in-situ preparation Ag/CGN compound (gel)；
3) it by after the freeze-drying of Ag/CGN compound, is placed in reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal reaction, then again through tube furnace height
Temperature calcining, obtains AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst.
Dicyanodiamine (CGN) of the present invention is nitrogen source, is taken water as a solvent, under static conditions that dicyanodiamine is anti-with silver nitrate
It answers, the bridging in conjunction with Ag atom of the cyanide nitrogen and imino group nitrogen in dicyanodiamine forms polymer, to reach in-situ preparation gel
The purpose of shape Ag/CGN compound, the purpose of freeze-drying are to obtain the moisture content removal in gel Ag/CGN compound
Aeroge.Using hydro-thermal reaction and high-temperature calcination, the AgNPs/g-C that pattern is threadiness is finally obtained3N4Composite photocatalyst
Agent.
Since Ag compound is unstable under visible light, Ag nano particle can be generated, it will be apparent that improve g-C3N4Light urge
Change activity.The present invention is of the existing technology to solve the problems, such as by doping Ag compound, and the composite photo-catalyst of synthesis is can
Under the conditions of light-exposed, methanol direct dehydrogenation generation anhydrous formaldehyde and hydrogen, the hydrogen producing technology can be made to be simple to operate and friendly to environment.
The present invention is had the characteristics that following excellent using the assembling of molecule from bottom to top synthetic method:
1, the raw material prepared be easy to get, advantage of lower cost, toxicity it is lower.
2, catalyst efficiency obtained is higher, g-C3N4It can continue to generate electron-hole position, stability improves.
3, Ag mild redox characteristic can be selectively by methanol dehydrogenation formaldehyde and hydrogen, and without COxIt generates.
4, the preparation process of material of the present invention has the characteristics that reaction condition is mild, method is easy and is easy to get.
Further, in step 2 of the present invention, silver nitrate and dicyanodiamine in nitrogen source solution in silver nitrate solution
Molar ratio is 1: 15~30.Silver nitrate solution and dicyanodiamine solution in this molar ratio can sufficiently react, and generate
Stable hydrogel.
The concentration of dicyanodiamine is 0.5~3mol/L in the nitrogen source solution, and silver nitrate is dense in the silver nitrate solution
Degree is 0.1~1mol/L.It can sufficiently be reacted in the silver nitrate solution and dicyanodiamine solution of concentration, generate stable water-setting
Glue, excessive concentration waste reagent, and the hydrogel of the too low generation of concentration is unstable, and final pattern does not form.
The temperature condition of the hydro-thermal reaction is 80~200 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2~12h.The temperature of the high-temperature calcination
Condition is 300~650 DEG C, and the time is 1~10h.The purpose of this temperature and time range is that CGN can be formed by polycondensation
Triazine ring tripolymer, is further formed high-molecular compound, and last polycondensation is the g-C of graphite laminate structure3N4, lower than this temperature
Degree can not form g-C3N4, will decompose higher than this temperature range, the excessive velocities meeting of heating and calcination time influence
Final AgNPs/g-C3N4The pattern of compound, the pattern of the catalyst formed in this temperature range are fibrous structure.
The present invention is another object is that propose AgNPs/g-C made from above method3N4Composite photo-catalyst is aoxidized in methanol and is made
Application in hydrogen.
In 2~20 DEG C of environment, by AgNPs/g-C3N4After composite photo-catalyst and methanol mixing, under oxygen free condition, Yu Bo
The radiation of visible light of length >=420nm, is reacted, and hydrogen is made.
Through testing hydrogen obtained, wherein not carbonated.
Select the AgNPs/g-C of the method for the present invention preparation3N4Compared to other catalyst, methanol can be decomposed at room temperature
Produce hydrogen, and without COx generate, without the stringent condition of high temperature and pressure, economize on resources, catalyst performance stabilised can continuously produce hydrogen and
Formaldehyde provides valuable reference value for industrialized production formaldehyde.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the infrared comparison spectrogram (FT-IR) of pure CGN and Ag/CGN compound.
Fig. 2 is AgNPs/g-C3N4Compound and AgNO3Ag3d high power XPS compare map.
Fig. 3 is that the SEM of Ag/CGN aeroge schemes.
Fig. 4 is that the SEM of AgNPs/g-C3N4 composite photo-catalyst schemes.
Fig. 5 is AgNPs/g-C3N4Specific surface area test chart (BET).
Fig. 6 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4X-ray diffracting spectrum (XRD).
Fig. 7 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4Infrared comparison spectrogram.
Fig. 8 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4The full spectrogram of XPS.
Fig. 9 is AgNPs/g-C3N4Ag3d high-resolution XPS spectrum figure.
Figure 10 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4High-resolution C1s XPS spectrum figure.
Figure 11 is AgNPs/g-C3N4High-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens figure (HR-TEM).
Figure 12 is AgNPs/g-C3N4Dark field high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens figure.
Figure 13 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4UV-Vis DRS map.
Figure 14 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4Fluorescence spectrophotometer spectrogram (PL).
Figure 15 is AgNPs/g-C at room temperature3N4And g-C3N4Decompose the schematic diagram that methanol produces hydrogen.
Figure 16 is AgNPs/g-C3N4The mechanism figure of photocatalysis methanol production hydrogen and formaldehyde.
Figure 17 is that phenol reagent method measures the analysis chart of content of formaldehyde in methanol after light-catalyzed reaction.
Figure 18 is different light application times, and formaldehyde is generated in methanol contains spirogram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1, by analytically pure AgNO3Dissolution in deionized water, is configured to the clear solution that concentration is 0.1mol/L, gained
Solution is denoted as solution A.
2, CGN is add to deionized water, is configured to the clear solution that concentration is 0.5mol/L, acquired solution is to be denoted as
Solution B.
3,1mL solution A is added in 6mL solution B, is stood after mixing, eventually form milk white gel shape Ag/CGN
Compound.
4, it after gel refrigeration drying obtained above, will be put into reaction kettle hydro-thermal reaction, reaction temperature is 80 DEG C and maintains
2h, then tube furnace high-temperature calcination, condition are that 10 DEG C/min is raised to 300 DEG C and maintains 3h, are finally cooled to room temperature, finally obtain
AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst.
Embodiment 2:
1, by analytically pure AgNO3Dissolution in deionized water, is configured to the clear solution that concentration is 0.2mol/L, gained
Solution is denoted as solution A.
2, dicyanodiamine is add to deionized water, is configured to the clear solution that concentration is 0.8mol/L, acquired solution
To be denoted as solution B.
3,2mL solution A is added in 10mL solution B, is stood after mixing, it is multiple to eventually form milk white gel shape Ag/CGN
Close object.
4, it after gel refrigeration drying obtained above, will be put into reaction kettle hydro-thermal reaction, reaction temperature is 150 DEG C and maintains
5h, then tube furnace high-temperature calcination, condition are that 15 DEG C/min is raised to 400 DEG C and maintains 5h, are finally cooled to room temperature, finally obtain
AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst.
Embodiment 3
1, by analytically pure AgNO3Dissolution in deionized water, is configured to the clear solution that concentration is 1mol/L, and gained is molten
Liquid is denoted as solution A.
2, CGN is add to deionized water, is configured to the clear solution that concentration is 3mol/L, acquired solution is molten to be denoted as
Liquid B.
3,5mL solution A is added in 15mL solution B, is stood after mixing, eventually form gel.
4, it after gel refrigeration drying obtained above, will be put into reaction kettle hydro-thermal reaction, reaction temperature is 200 DEG C and maintains
10h, then tube furnace high-temperature calcination, condition are that 20 DEG C/min is raised to 650 DEG C and maintains 8h, are finally cooled to room temperature, final
To AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst.
Two, product property is verified:
Take CGN and AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photocatalyst sample obtains infrared spectrum (FT-IR) respectively, as shown in Figure 1,
It can be seen that: compared with pure CGN, due to the AgNPs/g-C of formation3N4There are NO in composite photo-catalyst3 —, so composite photo-catalyst
In 1385cm-1There is obvious peak at place.
Take analytically pure AgNO3The XPS spectrum figure for obtaining Ag3d respectively with the Ag/CGN compound of preparation, as shown in Fig. 2, can
See: with AgNO3It compares, the peak of Ag3d combines the displacement of energy direction toward high in Ag/CGN compound, mainly since Ag atom can
Induce the electronics in cyanide nitrogen and imino group nitrogen.
Fig. 3 shows the SEM figure of Ag/CGN aeroge, it is seen that: the pattern of Ag/CGN aeroge is threadiness, the length of fiber
It spends up to some tens of pm.
Fig. 4 then shows the AgNPs/g-C3N4 complex light for obtaining Ag/CGN aeroge by hydro-thermal reaction and high-temperature calcination
The SEM of catalyst schemes, it is seen that: the pattern of catalyst is still in threadiness, but these fibers are connected to become reticular structure.
Take AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photocatalyst sample carries out specific surface area test, obtains BET figure as shown in Figure 5, can
See: AgNPs/g-C3N4The specific surface area of composite photo-catalyst is 139 m2/ g compares g-C3N4Specific surface area (8-12 m2/g)
It is at least 10 times high, illustrate AgNPs/g-C3N4N2 adsorption ability with higher.
Fig. 6 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4X-ray diffraction compare map (XRD).g-C3N413.3 oWith 27.3oPeak there are two locating, 27.3oPeak be due to conjugation aroma system stacking stacking, be layer structure, 13.3 oFor g-C3N4Face
Interior structure respectively corresponds (100) face and (002) face；And AgNPs/g-C3N4There is AgNPs and g-C simultaneously3N4Diffraction
Peak, but (002) face peak width and weak, it may be possible to since in forming polymer process, C/N ratio is changed, and product is caused to contract
Poly- degree is different, so that g-C3N4The interlamellar spacing of layer structure becomes larger.37o-80 oThere is peak at place, illustrates that AgNPs in-situ preparation exists
G-C3N4Face-centered cubic crystal face (JCPDS 65-2871) in.
Fig. 7 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4Infrared comparison spectrogram.1700-1100cm-1Between absorption high-amplitude wave section master
If due to the stretching vibration of CN, ~ 800cm-1The peak at place corresponds to 3-s- triazine ring structure, this mutual in order to further confirm that
Effect, XPS are used to confirm AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4Between chemical component and bond structure between difference.
Fig. 8 is AgNPs/g-C3N4And g-C3N4XPS compose comparison diagram entirely.C, N, Ag elemental signals can be in AgNPs/g-
C3N4Middle discovery illustrates that reaction forms AgNPs/g-C3N4。
Fig. 9 is AgNPs/g-C3N4Ag3d high-resolution XPS spectrum figure.In Ag3d high-resolution XPS map, Ag3d3/2With
Ag3d5/2The combination of two characteristic peaks can be respectively 374.3 and 368.3eV, compared with the peak of Ag/CGN (374.5eV and
About 0.5eV 368.8eV) is reduced, illustrates the formation of metallic silver.
Figure 10 is AgNPs/g-C3N4C1s high-resolution XPS compare spectrogram.Due to the thermal degradation of nitrate in Ag/CGN,
AgNPs/g-C3N4C-O peak area (286.6eV) than g-C3N4Height.
From the AgNPs/g-C of Figure 113N4High-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens figure (HR-TEM) it can be seen that preparation AgNPs/g-
C3N4Pattern be threadiness.From the AgNPs/g-C of Figure 123N4Dark field high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens figure to can see AgNPs uniform
Be dispersed in g-C3N4In matrix.
From the AgNPs/g-C of Figure 133N4And g-C3N4UV-Vis DRS map can see, AgNPs/g-C3N4
Absorption band edge wavelength be more than 800nm, and the absorption intensity ratio g-C between 200~800nm3N4It is strong very much, mainly
The reason of AgNPs formation.
From the AgNPs/g-C of Figure 143N4And g-C3N4Fluorescence spectrophotometer spectrogram (PL) can analyze: AgNPs/g-C3N4It is glimmering
Luminous intensity and g-C3N4Compared to it is weak very much, illustrate the doping of AgNPs so that g-C3N4Fluorescence quenched, it is photic swash
It is unfavorable for the combination of electron-hole during hair.The separation and transfer of electronics are attributed to AgNPs/g-C3N4And 3-D nano, structure
And the characteristic of Ag, be conducive to attract electronics and by electronics from g-C3N4Interior shifting to surface.
The above AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photocatalyst sample may be derived from the product of any an example in three above embodiment,
The result of acquirement is similar.
Three, it applies:
Application examples 1:
By 30mL methanol, AgNPs/g-C made from 1 method of 5mg embodiment3N4Composite photo-catalyst is added to quartz reaction
In device, solution is persistently stirred in the circulator bath for being placed on 6 DEG C, and air in reactor is pumped, with xenon lamp wavelength >=
Solution 3h is irradiated under the conditions of 420nm, formaldehyde and hydrogen, the hydrogen that TCD detection obtains can be made in Methanol Decomposition.
Separately by 30mL methanol, the g-C of 5mg3N4It is added in quartz reactor, lasting stirring is placed on 6 DEG C of circulator bath
In, air in reactor is pumped, after irradiating solution 3h under the conditions of wavelength >=420nm with xenon lamp, the hydrogen of TCD test acquirement
Gas.
The content for producing hydrogen is surveyed according to TCD, and the AgNPs/g-C of Figure 15 is made3N4And g-C3N4Decompose the comparison that methanol produces hydrogen
Figure.As shown in Figure 15, g-C at room temperature3N4Methanol cannot be decomposed and produce hydrogen, and AgNPs/g-C3N4The production hydrogen of composite photo-catalyst
Rate is 152.2 μm of ol/h/g, gradually increases by recycling hydrogen-producing speed three times, illustrates AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst
It is stable in methanol decomposition process, and catalysis methanol can be continued and produce hydrogen.
CO、CO2Calibrating gas and the gas of generation are detected by fid detector, by comparing, AgNPs/g-C3N4Catalyst
Without CO and CO in the gas generated by photocatalysis methanol2Generation.Illustrate at room temperature, AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst
Methanol can be decomposed and produce hydrogen, and no coupling product COXIt generates.
From the mechanism of Figure 16 photocatalysis methanol degradation it is found that g-C3N4It generates photohole and is transferred to AgNPs/g-C3N4
Catalyst and methanol surface, promote CH3OH generates CH2OH, CH2OH and Ag generates Ag-OCH3, Ag-OCH3It is readily generated
Ag-H and HCHO, the Ag-H of generation are easily and proton H+Pass through e-Generate H2.Due to Ag mild redox characteristic and low anti-
Temperature is answered, the HCHO of generation can not be aoxidized further under vacuum, while avoid the generation of COx.
Content of formaldehyde after photocatalysis in methanol is measured by phenol reagent method: gradient draws formaldehyde standard respectively
0,0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0 mL of liquid (0.1mg/L) is in 6 volumetric flasks, another each methanol drawn after 1mL photocatalysis
Solution and the pure methanol solution of 1mL add 0.1mL phenol reagent solution in 2 volumetric flasks respectively into above-mentioned 8 volumetric flasks respectively,
It shakes up, stands 1min, then be separately added into the sulfuric acid acid iron ammonium salt solution of 0.1mL, be settled to scale, shake up, after 10min colour developing, with
Blank does reference, and absorbance is surveyed at 300nm wavelength, draws standard curve Figure 17, calculates the content of formaldehyde in solution after reacting.
And obtain the analysis chart of content of formaldehyde in the methanol of Figure 18.As seen from Figure 18: as time increases, contained formaldehyde in methanol
Content gradually increases, and illustrates at room temperature, AgNPs/g-C3N4Methanol dehydrogenation anhydrous formaldehyde can be decomposed.
Application examples 2:
By 50mL methanol, AgNPs/g-C made from 2 method of 25mg example3N4Composite photo-catalyst is added to quartz reactor
In, lasting stirring is placed in 10 DEG C of circulator bath, after air in reactor is pumped, with xenon lamp in wavelength >=420nm
Under the conditions of irradiate mixed solution 6h, formaldehyde and hydrogen can be made in Methanol Decomposition.
The gas H of generation2It is detected by gas-chromatography TCD detector, without CO in the gas generated through fid detector detection
And CO2, illustrate at room temperature, AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst can decompose methanol and produce hydrogen, and no coupling product COXIt generates.
Content of formaldehyde after photocatalysis in methanol solution is measured by phenol reagent method.
Gradient draws formaldehyde titer (1mg/L) 0,0.2,0.6,0.8,1.0,3.0 mL in 6 volumetric flasks respectively,
Solution and the pure methanol solution of 3mL after another each absorption 3mL photocatalysis divide into above-mentioned 8 volumetric flasks respectively in 2 volumetric flasks
Not plus 1mL phenol reagent solution, it shakes up, stands 5min, then be separately added into the sulfuric acid acid iron ammonium salt solution of 2mL, be settled to scale, shake
It is even, after 15min colour developing, reference is done with blank, absorbance is surveyed in 400 nanometer wave strong points, draws standard curve, calculate molten after reacting
The content of formaldehyde in liquid.
Application examples 3:
By 60mL methanol, AgNPs/g-C made from 50mg embodiment 33N4Composite photo-catalyst is added to quartz reactor
In, lasting stirring is placed in 20 DEG C of circulator bath, after air in reactor is pumped, with xenon lamp in wavelength >=420nm
Under the conditions of irradiate mixed solution 8h, formaldehyde and hydrogen can be made in Methanol Decomposition.
The gas H of generation2It is detected by gas-chromatography TCD detector, without CO in the gas generated through fid detector detection
And CO2, illustrate at room temperature, AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst can decompose methanol and produce hydrogen, and no coupling product COXIt generates.
Content of formaldehyde after photocatalysis in methanol solution is measured by phenol reagent method.
Gradient draws formaldehyde titer (5mg/L) 0,0.5,1.0,3.0,5.0,8.0 mL in 6 volumetric flasks respectively,
Methanol solution and the pure methanol solution of 5mL after another each absorption 5mL photocatalysis is in 2 volumetric flasks, respectively to above-mentioned 8 volumetric flasks
It is middle to add 3mL phenol reagent solution respectively, it shakes up, stands 10min, then be separately added into the sulfuric acid acid iron ammonium salt solution of 4mL, be settled to quarter
Degree, shakes up, and after 20min colour developing, does reference with blank, absorbance is surveyed at 600nm wavelength, draw standard curve Figure 17, calculate
After illumination in solution formaldehyde content, as shown in Figure 18, (Figure 15 recycle three times after solution) formaldehyde contains after reaction in solution
Amount is 0.305mg/L, and the content of formaldehyde is 0.054 mg/L in 2h solution after illumination, and the content of formaldehyde is in 2h solution after illumination
Thus 0.070 mg/L illustrates that the content that formaldehyde is converted into the increase of light application time, methanol gradually increases, but and hydrogen output
It is many compared to less, because reaction is progress under vacuum conditions and formaldehyde is volatile.
In short, in-situ synthesized has synthesized AgNPs/g-C by the method for the invention3N4, with g-C3N4Compared to not only changing
g-C3N4Structure and performance, and AgNPs/g-C3N4With unique structure and photocatalysis performance, can decompose at room temperature
Methanol dehydrogenation formaldehyde and hydrogen, and no coupling product COXIt generates, provides for industrialized production formaldehyde and production hydrogen and can refer to sexual valence
Value.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of application of composite photocatalyst material in methanol oxidation hydrogen manufacturing, it is characterised in that:, will in 2~20 DEG C of environment
AgNPs/g-C3N4After composite photo-catalyst and methanol mixing, under oxygen free condition, the radiation of visible light of Yu Bochang >=420nm is carried out
Hydrogen is made in reaction；
The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst material the following steps are included:
1) dicyanodiamine is dissolved in water, obtains nitrogen source solution；
2) it is stood after mixing silver nitrate solution with nitrogen source solution, in-situ preparation Ag/CGN compound；
3) it by after the freeze-drying of Ag/CGN compound, is placed in reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal reaction, then forged again through tube furnace high temperature
It burns, obtains AgNPs/g-C3N4Composite photo-catalyst；
In the step 2, in silver nitrate solution in silver nitrate and nitrogen source solution the molar ratio of dicyanodiamine be 1: 15~
30；
The concentration of dicyanodiamine is 0.5~3mol/L in the nitrogen source solution；
The concentration of silver nitrate is 0.1~1mol/L in the silver nitrate solution；
The temperature condition of the hydro-thermal reaction is 80~200 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2~10h；
The temperature condition of the high-temperature calcination is 300~650 DEG C, and the time is 3~8h.
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