CN107332322B

CN107332322B - Portable power source based on super capacitor

Info

Publication number: CN107332322B
Application number: CN201710425027.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖跃飞; 严红生
Original assignee: Shenzhen Boltpower Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Boltpower Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-06-06
Filing date: 2017-06-06
Publication date: 2024-03-29
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-06
Also published as: CN107332322A

Abstract

The invention discloses a super capacitor-based mobile power supply, which comprises an AC-DC conversion circuit, a direct current voltage stabilizing circuit, a storage circuit, a discharge circuit and an MCU unit, wherein the storage circuit is connected with the storage circuit; the AC-DC conversion circuit, the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit, the energy storage circuit and the discharge circuit are sequentially connected; the output end of the discharge circuit is a discharge port; the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit and the discharging circuit are controlled by the MCU unit; the energy storage circuit is based on a super capacitor. The super capacitor-based mobile power supply is rich in functions, long in service life and high in safety.

Description

Portable power source based on super capacitor

Technical Field

The invention particularly relates to a mobile power supply based on a super capacitor.

Background

The mobile power supply has wide application, the mobile power supply generally adopts a lithium ion battery as an energy storage module, and the lithium ion battery has various defects such as easy explosion, low safety, low charge and discharge times and 300-500 times of service life (charging period), and the battery performance can be obviously reduced after the mobile power supply is generally used for 2 years; therefore, a new mobile power supply needs to be designed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mobile power supply based on a super capacitor, which has long service life and high safety.

The technical proposal of the invention is as follows:

a mobile power supply based on super capacitor comprises an AC-DC conversion circuit, a direct current voltage stabilizing circuit, an energy storage circuit, a discharge circuit and an MCU unit;

the AC-DC conversion circuit, the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit, the energy storage circuit and the discharge circuit are sequentially connected; the output end of the discharge circuit is a discharge port;

the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit and the discharging circuit are controlled by the MCU unit;

the energy storage circuit is based on a super capacitor.

The mobile power supply based on the super capacitor further comprises a protection circuit, wherein the protection circuit comprises an undervoltage protection circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit and a boosting protection circuit.

The mobile power supply also comprises a relay switching circuit and a storage battery maintenance charging circuit; the input side of the relay switching circuit is connected with the output side of the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit;

the 2 output ends of the relay switching circuit are respectively connected with the energy storage circuit and the storage battery maintenance charging circuit;

the relay switching circuit is controlled by the MCU unit.

The mobile power supply also comprises a battery compartment and a DC-DC boost circuit; the battery bin is used for placing an external battery; the 2 power supply terminals of the battery bin are connected with the DC-DC boost circuit; the DC-DC boost circuit is connected with the super capacitor.

The DC-DC boost circuit is controlled by the MCU unit.

The output end of the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit is also provided with an auxiliary power interface.

The output end of the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit is also provided with a fan power interface, and the fan power interface supplies power for a cooling fan in the mobile power supply.

The energy storage module comprises a plurality of super capacitor modules which are connected in series in the same direction; each super capacitor module comprises a plurality of super capacitors which are connected in parallel in the same direction;

the same direction series connection refers to: for any 2 adjacent super capacitor modules, the negative electrode of the former super capacitor module is connected with the positive electrode of the latter super capacitor module;

5-20 super capacitor modules connected in parallel; each super capacitor module comprises 2-10 super capacitors which are connected in parallel in the same direction. Preferably, 11 super capacitor modules are connected in parallel and in series; each super capacitor module comprises 4 super capacitors which are connected in parallel in the same direction.

The same-direction parallel connection means that the anode of the parallel capacitor is connected with the anode, and the cathode is connected with the cathode.

Each super capacitor module is connected with a voltage stabilizing branch in parallel, the voltage stabilizing branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in series, the resistance value of the resistor is 1 ohm, and the model of the voltage stabilizing tube is MMSZS223BT1. The capacitance range of each super capacitor is 600-850F.

The adjacent super capacitor modules are in short circuit through sockets; the socket has 2 at least pins, and the pin short circuit of socket inside.

The AC-DC conversion circuit is an alternating current input power supply processing circuit;

the mobile power supply further comprises a power factor correction circuit, an LED indication circuit, a voltage reduction circuit, a voltage detection and control signal output circuit and a constant current switch circuit;

the MCU unit belongs to a main control circuit;

the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit is a charging voltage stabilizing control circuit.

Preferably, 11 super capacitor modules are connected in parallel and in series; each super capacitor module comprises 4 super capacitors which are connected in parallel in the same direction.

2-6 parallel 4-pin sockets between adjacent super capacitor modules are short-circuited. Preferably 4-pin sockets.

The capacitance value of the super capacitor is in the range of +20% and-10% and meets the requirements.

Preferably, the socket is a CON4P-600A type 4 pin socket.

An alternating current input power supply processing circuit is adopted to charge the super capacitor through a voltage reduction circuit (the voltage reduction circuit is a mature technology).

The beneficial effects are that:

the mobile power supply based on the super capacitor is completely different from an energy storage module adopting a lithium ion battery, has high safety by adopting the super capacitor, does not have explosion risk, and has long service life; the mobile power supply based on the super capacitor has the following characteristics:

(1) The charging speed is high, and the charging time is 10 seconds to 10 minutes, so that the rated capacity of the battery can reach more than 95 percent;

(2) The cycle service life is long, the number of times of deep charge and discharge cycle use can reach 1-50 ten thousand times, and no memory effect exists;

(3) The large current discharge capacity is super strong, the energy conversion efficiency is high, the process loss is small, and the large current energy circulation efficiency is more than or equal to 90%;

(4) The power density is high and can reach 300W/KG to 5000W/KG, which is equivalent to 5 to 10 times of the battery;

(5) The raw materials of the product are pollution-free in the processes of constitution, production, use, storage and disassembly, so that the product is an ideal green environment-friendly power supply;

(6) The charging and discharging circuit is simple, a charging circuit such as a rechargeable battery is not needed, the safety coefficient is high, and the long-term use is maintenance-free;

(7) The ultra-low temperature characteristic is good, and the temperature range is wide from-40 ℃ to +70 ℃;

(8) The detection is convenient, and the residual electric quantity can be directly read out;

in summary, the energy storage circuit of the mobile power supply has the outstanding advantages of high power density, short charge and discharge time, long cycle life, wide working temperature range and high safety.

The super capacitor-based mobile power supply has the advantages that the super capacitor array is formed by connecting the super capacitors in parallel and then connecting the super capacitors in series, the capacity is large, the reliability is high, the super capacitor modules connected in series are connected by adopting the multi-pin plug-in connection, and the circuit board is prevented from being damaged by excessive current. In summary, the energy storage module is easy to implement and has high reliability.

The power factor correction circuit adopts the PFC chip as a core chip to realize power factor correction, and realizes the power factor correction through boosting (to about 380-400V) and PWM control.

The mobile power supply with the power factor correction circuit can not pollute the power grid during charging, and has remarkable social benefit.

The alternating current input power supply processing circuit is provided with a resistor switching circuit, so that the flexibility is good; in the resistor switching circuit, VCP is the voltage of the relay power supply. RLY-CONTROL is used for relay CONTROL. The relay is used for switching the resistor R36, when the relay is just electrified, the relay is opened, the resistor R36 inhibits surge current, after the relay is stabilized, the relay is attracted, and the resistor R36 is shorted, which is equivalent to cutting off the resistor R36.

The LED indication circuit for the mobile power supply adopts red and green light emitting diodes, occupies smaller space than a single monochromatic diode, adopts MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes, reduces voltage, has small loss, and has simple structure, reliable work and easy implementation.

The undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit comprises an undervoltage protection module and an overvoltage protection module, and can judge whether the input voltage is higher or lower through the comparison of the operational amplifier, so that a final judging signal A is output.

The charging voltage stabilizing control circuit adopts a pulse width modulator and is provided with a signal feedback circuit based on an overvoltage and undervoltage signal A, and can output a double-path PWM signal, so that the charging voltage stabilizing control circuit is easy to implement.

The step-down circuit for the mobile power supply adopts an isolation transformer and a main transformer, is driven and controlled by PWM signals, can ensure the stability of output voltage and realize constant voltage control, and is also connected with a switching circuit based on a relay K2 at the output side. Therefore, the voltage reducing circuit for the mobile power supply has the functions of voltage reduction and output switching, and is rich in functions.

And the voltage detection and control signal output circuit comprises a feedback signal output circuit, a first voltage signal detection circuit and a second voltage signal detection circuit, and is simple in structure and easy to implement. The operational amplifiers U22-B and U22-C operate in an amplifier mode, the operational amplifiers U22-A and U22-D operate in a comparator mode, the circuits fully utilize the performance of the operational amplifiers, and the integration level is high.

The main control circuit is provided with a power supply circuit for providing stable 5V power supply voltage and a signal detection circuit for detecting whether the voltage of each circuit is normal or not; when detecting the 5V power supply voltage, the device also has a thermistor for monitoring the temperature of the device, and providing parameters and basis for overheat protection; in addition, the main control chip is integrated with the FLASH memory and the AD FLASHMCU of a plurality of A/D converters, the integration level is high, the circuit is concise, the occupied area of the PCB is small, and the main control circuit is applied to a mobile power supply because of rich functions and small occupied space, and has great advantages.

In addition, the mobile power supply is provided with an emergency discharging circuit which works as an automobile starting power supply; the main control circuit is connected with a liquid crystal display screen and used for displaying parameters and the like, the intuitiveness is good, and compared with an indicator lamp, the information displayed by the main control circuit is richer.

The constant current switch circuit is a circuit based on a PWM controller and a transformer, and the circuit is compact and simple; in addition, since the PWM controller has a feedback terminal, accurate constant voltage/constant current output can be realized. The constant-current switching circuit can ensure constant output voltage and provide guarantee for stable charging of the energy storage module.

The boost protection circuit adopts an external control end and a boost protection chip to realize charging control, can realize complete controllability of charging, and has high safety and reliability. In addition, the booster circuit is also integrated with an overcurrent protection circuit and a voltage comparison circuit, and the output ends of the overcurrent protection circuit and the voltage comparison circuit are connected with the feedback end of the booster chip, so that the stable operation of the circuit can be ensured.

In summary, the mobile power supply has high integration level, rich functions, high safety and easy implementation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an overall structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an energy storage module;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a supercapacitor connected by a plug-in.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a PFC circuit;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an AC input power processing circuit for a mobile power supply;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mobile power supply AC input processing circuit;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an LED indicator circuit;

FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an under-voltage and over-voltage protection circuit;

FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charge voltage regulator control circuit for a mobile power supply;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of portions of operational amplifiers U6-C and U6-D.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a buck circuit;

FIG. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voltage sense and control signal output circuit;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a master control chip;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a signal detection circuit;

fig. 16 is a circuit schematic of a constant current switching circuit;

fig. 17 is an electrical schematic diagram of a boost protection circuit;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of CTL-A, CTL-B and EN-19V signal generating circuits.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown, for the purpose of illustrating the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

2-3, a super capacitor-based mobile power supply comprises 11 super capacitor modules connected in parallel; each super capacitor module comprises 4 super capacitors which are connected in parallel in the same direction;

The capacitance value of each capacitor ranges from 600F to 850F. It can also be written as 720F +/-15% with a priority value of 720F.

Each super capacitor module is connected in parallel with a voltage stabilizing branch, and the voltage stabilizing branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in series.

The resistance value of the resistor is 1 ohm, and the model of the voltage stabilizing tube is MMSZS223BT1.

4 parallel 4-pin sockets between every two adjacent super capacitor modules are short-circuited. Pins inside the socket are shorted.

A mobile power supply based on super capacitor comprises the energy storage module.

The energy storage module is connected with an emergency discharging circuit and is used for providing starting current for the automobile.

The energy storage module is connected with the power interface through the charging circuit; the power interface is at least one of a mains supply interface or a dry battery power supply interface.

As shown in fig. 4-5, an ac input power processing circuit for a mobile power supply includes a mains interface, a single-phase rectifier bridge, and a resistor switching circuit;

the mains supply interface comprises an L end and an N end; the mains supply interface is connected with the alternating current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge; the first end (positive output end) of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is connected with the output end (corresponding to 400V) of the alternating current input power supply processing circuit through the resistor switching circuit; the second end of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is grounded;

the resistor switching circuit is a relay-based resistor switching circuit.

The resistor switching circuit comprises a resistor R36, a relay K1 and an NPN triode Q1;

the relay K1 comprises a coil and a normally open switch;

the first end of the coil is connected with a direct current power supply VCP; the other end of the coil is connected with the c pole of the triode Q1; the b pole of the triode Q1 is connected with a CONTROL end RLY-CONTROL through a resistor R11, and the CONTROL end comes from the MCU; the e electrode of the triode Q1 is grounded; the resistor R14 is connected in a bridge way before the b pole and the e pole of the triode Q1;

the normally open switch is connected with a resistor R36 in parallel;

the first end of the resistor R36 is connected with the first end of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge; the second end of the resistor R36 is connected with the output end of the alternating current input power supply processing circuit through a diode D9.

Inductors L1 and L4 are sequentially connected in series between the second end of the resistor R36 and the diode D9.

The second end of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is grounded through a measuring resistor R1.

A piezoresistor branch is connected between the L end and the N end of the mains supply interface; the piezoresistor branch is formed by connecting piezoresistors RV6 and RV1 in series.

The alternating current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is connected with a piezoresistor RV7 in parallel.

The L end of the mains supply interface is connected with a single-phase rectifier bridge through an inductor L9 and an inductor L8 in sequence.

The single-phase rectifier bridge adopts GBJ25M devices.

The alternating current input power supply processing circuit for the mobile power supply further comprises a MOSFET driving circuit;

the MOSFET driving circuit comprises a MOSFET driver, a MOS tube Q3 and a triode Q5; the MOS transistor is an N-channel MOS transistor, and the triode is a PNP triode;

the input end of the MOSFET driver is connected with the PFC-DRIVE of the PWM signal output end through a resistor R7; the PWM signal output end PFC-DRIVE is from the PFC circuit;

the output end of the MOSFET driver is connected with the G pole of the MOS tube Q3 through a resistor R21; the D electrode of the MOS tube Q3 is connected with the anode of the diode D9; the S electrode of the MOS tube Q3 is grounded; a resistor R12 is connected between the G pole and the S pole of the MOS tube Q3 in a bridging way;

the G pole and the S pole of the MOS transistor Q3 are respectively connected with the e pole and the c pole of the triode Q5; the b pole of the triode Q5 is connected with the output end of the MOSFET driver. The number of the MOSFET driving circuits is 2 in parallel connection, and the 2 nd one comprises Q2 and Q4; as a redundant design.

The MOS tube Q3 adopts IPA60R099C6; the triode Q5 adopts FSB749; the MOSFET driver is an IXDN604SIA chip (4 amp double low side ultrafast MOSFET driver).

The mobile power supply is provided with a mains supply interface for connecting a mains supply; the L end (fire wire end) of the mains supply interface is connected with the anode of the diode D53 through an inductor L9 and an inductor L8; the L end (zero line end) of the mains supply interface is connected with the anode of the diode D1 through an inductor L8; the negative electrode of the diode D53 is connected with the negative electrode of the D1, and the negative electrode of the diode D53 is the full-wave rectification voltage input end RECT-AC.

The 4 pin of the GBJ25M device is grounded through a measuring resistor R1, and the 4 pin of the GBJ25M device is a current detection signal end PFC-CS.

The resistance of the measuring resistor R1 was 0.04 ohm.

VCP is a constant dc voltage, greater than 2.5V, typically between 2.5 and 12V.

Referring to fig. 5-6, as shown in fig. 1-2, a power factor correction circuit includes a PFC chip, wherein the PFC chip is a power factor correction chip;

the input end of the power factor correction circuit comprises a full-wave rectification voltage input end RECT-AC and a current detection signal end PFC-CS;

the output end of the power factor correction circuit comprises a PWM signal output end PFC-DRIVE.

The PFC chip adopts an L4981 chip;

the full-wave rectification voltage input end RECT-AC is grounded through resistors Rd and R70 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point of the resistor Rd and the resistor R70 is connected with the VRMS end of the L4981 chip; rd is formed by connecting R104, R52 and R53 in series.

The PFC-CS of the current detection signal end is connected with the I-PK end of the L4981 chip through a resistor R72;

the current detection signal end PFC-CS is connected with the MI-OUT end of the L4981 chip through a resistor R73;

the GATE terminal of the L4981 chip is a PWM signal output terminal PFC-DRIVE.

The mains supply interface is connected with the single-phase rectifier bridge.

The single-phase rectifier bridge adopts GBJ25M devices.

The resistance of the measuring resistor R1 was 0.04 ohm.

The PWM signal output end PFC-DRIVE is connected with the MOSFET driver; PWM signal output PFC-DRIVE passes through MOSFET driver DRIVE MOS pipe Q2 and Q3 and triode Q4 and Q5.

The MOSFET driver is an IXDN604SIA chip, and particularly is a 4-amp double-low-side ultrafast MOSFET driver.

The MOS tubes Q2 and Q3 adopt IPA60R099C6; transistors Q4 and Q5 employ FSB749.

VCP is a constant dc voltage, greater than 2.5V, typically between 2.5 and 12V.

The alternating current input power supply processing circuit for the mobile power supply comprises a mains supply interface, a single-phase rectifier bridge and a resistor switching circuit;

the resistor switching circuit is a relay-based resistor switching circuit.

the relay K1 comprises a coil and a normally open switch;

the normally open switch is connected with a resistor R36 in parallel;

As shown in fig. 7, an LED indicating circuit for a mobile power supply includes an ac input indicating circuit;

The alternating current input indication circuit comprises a light emitting diode D24 and an N-channel MOS tube Q9; the light emitting diode D24 is a red-green light emitting diode and comprises a red tube and a green tube;

the anodes of the red tube and the green tube of the light-emitting diode D24 are connected with a direct-current power supply end VCC-SEC;

the negative electrode of the green tube of the light-emitting diode D24 is connected with an alternating current signal end AC-OK through a resistor R32;

the negative electrode of the red tube of the light-emitting diode D24 is connected with the D electrode of the MOS tube Q9 through a resistor R137; the S electrode of the MOS tube Q9 is grounded through a diode D8; the G pole of the MOS transistor Q9 is connected with an alternating current signal end AC-OK through a diode D30;

the direct-current power supply end VCC-SEC is connected with the S pole of the MOS tube Q9 through resistors R162 and R163 which are connected in series in sequence; the connection point of the resistor R162 and the resistor R163 is connected with the G pole of the MOS tube Q9; resistors R162 and R163 constitute a voltage dividing branch.

MOS transistor Q9 is a 2N7002K device.

The resistances of resistors R162 and R163 are both 10K ohms.

Diode D8 is a BAV99 device.

The resistances of resistors R137 and R32 are both 3K ohms.

The LED indication circuit for the mobile power supply further comprises a battery indication circuit;

the battery indication circuit comprises a light emitting diode D40 and MOS tubes Q6 and Q7 with N channels; the light emitting diode D40 is a red-green light emitting diode and comprises a red tube and a green tube;

the anodes of the red tube and the green tube of the light-emitting diode D40 are connected with a direct-current power supply end VCC-SEC;

The negative electrode of the green tube of the light-emitting diode D40 is connected with the D electrode of the MOS tube Q7 through a resistor R139; the S electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is grounded through a diode D8; the G electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with the S electrode of the MOS tube Q7 through a resistor R161; the G pole of the MOS tube Q7 is also connected with a signal end LED-BATG through a resistor R160;

the negative electrode of the red tube of the light-emitting diode D40 is connected with the D electrode of the MOS tube Q6 through a resistor R165; the S electrode of the MOS tube Q6 is grounded through a diode D8; the G electrode of the MOS tube Q6 is connected with the S electrode of the MOS tube Q6 through a resistor R22; the G pole of the MOS tube Q6 is also connected with a signal end LED-BATR through a resistor R6.

The resistances of resistors R160 and R161 are each 10K ohms.

The resistances of the resistors R6 and R22 are 10K ohms.

The resistances of resistors R139 and R165 are both 3K ohms.

The MOS transistors Q6 and R7 are 2N7002K devices.

In addition, the LED indication circuit also comprises a control signal indication circuit; the control signal indicating circuit comprises a light emitting diode D12 and MOS tubes Q13 and Q15 with N channels; the light-emitting diode D12 is a red-green light-emitting diode and comprises a red tube and a green tube;

the anodes of the red tube and the green tube of the light-emitting diode D12 are connected with a direct-current power supply end VCC-SEC;

the negative electrode of the green tube of the light-emitting diode D12 is connected with the D electrode of the MOS tube Q15 through a resistor R81; the S electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is grounded through a diode D8; the G electrode of the MOS tube Q15 is connected with the S electrode of the MOS tube Q15 through a resistor R80; the G pole of the MOS tube Q15 is also connected with a signal terminal CTL-SNG through a resistor R73;

The negative electrode of the red tube of the light-emitting diode D12 is connected with the D electrode of the MOS tube Q13 through a resistor R82; the S electrode of the MOS transistor Q13 is grounded through a diode D8; the G electrode of the MOS tube Q13 is connected with the S electrode of the MOS tube Q13 through a resistor R84; the G pole of the MOS tube Q13 is also connected with a signal end CTL-SNR through a resistor R83.

The working process is described as follows:

VCC-SEC is 12.5V.

The MOS tube is generally conducted at 2v-3 v. In practical application, the G pole voltage is 5V;

ac_ok high (normal), second lamp (green) is lighted, abnormal, first lamp is lighted.

The 3-4 lamp is used for indicating the state of charging the energy storage circuit based on the super capacitor, when the LED-BATG is in a high level, the 3 rd lamp is on, and when the LED-BATR is in a high level, the 4 th lamp is on;

the 5-6 lights are used to indicate the state of charge of the lead acid battery, with the 5 th light on at a high level of ctl_sng and the 6 th light on at a high level of ctl_snr.

The number of lamps refers to the number of lamps from left to right in the drawing.

As shown in fig. 8, an under-voltage and over-voltage protection circuit includes an under-voltage protection circuit module and an over-voltage protection circuit module;

the undervoltage protection circuit module and the overvoltage protection circuit module are circuit modules based on an operational amplifier;

the input signals of the undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit come from a voltage signal end RECT-AC;

the under-voltage protection circuit module and the over-voltage protection circuit module both output level signals, and the output ends of the under-voltage protection circuit module and the over-voltage protection circuit module are A.

The undervoltage protection circuit module comprises an operational amplifier U17-B, U-C and an N-channel MOS tube Q12;

(1) Operational amplifier U17-B part

The voltage signal end RECT-AC is grounded through resistors R96, R106 and R107 which are sequentially connected in series; resistor R108 is connected in parallel with R107; the connection point of the resistor R106 and the resistor R107 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-B through the resistor R116;

2.5V reference voltage 2.5VREF is grounded through resistors R117 and R118 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point of the resistor R117 and the resistor R118 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-B;

the noninverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-B is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U17-B through a R119 and a diode D44 which are sequentially connected in series;

the connection point of the resistor R106 and the resistor R107 is connected with the anode of the diode D45; the negative electrode of the diode D45, namely the VCP end, is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U17-B through a resistor R63;

the output end of the operational amplifier U17-B is connected with the G pole of the MOS transistor Q12; the D pole of the MOS tube Q12 is connected with the VCP end through a resistor R148; the S electrode of the MOS tube Q12 is grounded;

(2) Operational amplifier U17-C section

The D pole of the MOS transistor Q12 is connected with the common cathode of the diode D46; diode D46 has 2 diode cells sharing a cathode; the anode of the first diode unit of the diode D46 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-C; the noninverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-C is connected with the VCP end through a resistor R133;

The VCP end is grounded through resistors R149 and R150 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point of the resistor R149 and the resistor R150 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-C; the output end of the operational amplifier U17-C is connected with the anode of the diode D47 through the resistor R151; the negative electrode of the diode D47 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-C;

the output end of the operational amplifier U17-C is connected with the cathode of the diode D55; the positive electrode of the diode D55 is connected with the VCP end through a resistor R110; the positive electrode of the diode D55 is the output terminal a of the undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit.

The overvoltage protection circuit module comprises an operational amplifier U17-A;

the noninverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-A is connected with 2.5V reference voltage 2.5VREF through a resistor R61; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-A is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-B through a resistor R120; the output end of the operational amplifier U17-A is connected with the D pole of the MOS transistor Q12; the noninverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-A is connected with the anode of the 2 nd diode unit of the diode D46 through a resistor R62.

The undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit also comprises an NMOS tube Q15; the G pole of the NMOS tube Q15 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U17-C; the D pole of the NMOS tube Q15 is connected with the VCP end through a resistor R122; the S pole of the NMOS transistor Q15 is grounded.

The undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit also comprises operational amplifiers U17-D, U-A and U16-B;

(1) Operational amplifier U17-D section

The noninverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-D is connected with 5.1V reference voltage 5.1VREF through a resistor R172;

the voltage signal end RECT-AC is grounded through resistors R184, R68, R67, R65, R66 and R174 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point of R66 and R174 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-D; the junction of resistors R65 and R66 is connected to the anode of diode D49; the negative electrode of the diode D49 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U17-C; the output end of the operational amplifier U17-D is connected with 5.1V reference voltage 5.1VREF through a resistor R176;

(2) Operational amplifier U17-B part

The output end of the operational amplifier U17-D is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-B;

the reference voltage of 5.1V and the reference voltage of 5.1VREF are grounded through resistors R238 and R239 which are sequentially connected in series; the junction of the resistors R238 and R239 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-B; the output end of the operational amplifier U17-B is connected with the VCP end through a resistor R121;

(3) Operational amplifier U17-A part

The non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U17-A is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U17-B;

the inverting output end of the operational amplifier U17-A is connected with 5.1V reference voltage 5.1VREF through a resistor R105;

the output end of the operational amplifier U17-A is connected with the output end A of the undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit.

The output end of the operational amplifier U17-B is connected with the anode of the diode D54; the negative electrode of the diode D54 is a relay CONTROL end RLY-CONTROL and is used for controlling whether the relay coil is electrified or not in the power input circuit;

the operational amplifiers U17-A, U17-B, U-C and U17-D employ LM239ADR devices.

The operational amplifiers U16-A and U16-B employ LM293AD devices.

The MOS transistors Q12 and Q15 are 2N7002K devices.

Diode D46 employs a BAT54CW device.

The working process of the circuit is analyzed:

the 6 pin of the operational amplifier U17-B is connected with the voltage of the input end;

(1) Under-voltage protection

The 7 pin of the operational amplifier U17-B is connected with a reference voltage 2.5VREF through a resistor R117;

if the voltage of the 6 pins of the operational amplifier U17-B is lower than the voltage of the 7 pins; the output end (1 pin) of the operational amplifier U17-B outputs a high level;

MOS transistor Q12 is conducted; the D pole of the MOS transistor Q12 outputs a low level; the level at the output of U17-A is pulled low; negative low level of D47; the output end (14 feet) of the operational amplifier U17-C outputs low level; diode D55 is on and a outputs a low level.

(2) Overvoltage protection

The voltage of the 6 pins of the operational amplifier U17-B is the same as the voltage of the 4 pins of the operational amplifier U17-A;

if the voltage of the 4 pin of U17-A (the inverting input terminal of U17-A) is higher than the voltage of the 5 pin of U17-A (the non-inverting input terminal of U17-A, which is connected with the reference voltage 2.5VREF through the resistor R61); the 2 pin of U17-a (the output of U17-a) outputs a low level; negative low level of D47; the output end (14 feet) of the operational amplifier U17-C outputs low level; diode D55 is on and a outputs a low level.

(3) U17-D, U16-B, U16-A, and principle of operation.

The 11 pin (non-inverting input end) of the U17-D is connected with a reference voltage of 5.1VREF; the 10 pins (inverting input ends) of the U17-D are obtained by dividing the voltage of RECT-AC;

(a) If the partial voltage is lower than the reference voltage by 5.1VREF, the 13 pin (output end) of U17-D outputs a high level; outputting a low level at U16-B, and outputting a low level at U16A; i.e., A is low;

(b) If the partial voltage is higher than the reference voltage by 5.1VREF, the 13 pin (output end) of U17-D outputs a low level; outputting a high level at U16-B, and outputting a high level at U16A; i.e. a is high (if the influence of diode D55 is not considered).

As shown in fig. 9-10, a charging voltage stabilizing control circuit for a portable power source includes a pulse width modulator, a voltage signal terminal 48VOVP and a feedback signal terminal 48VFEED; the voltage signal terminal 48VOVP is used as an input signal of the pulse width modulator; the output signal terminals DRIVER-A-48V and DRIVER-B-48V connected with the pulse width modulator are used as output signals of the charging voltage stabilizing control circuit.

The pulse width modulator adopts a UC2525B device.

The voltage signal end 48VOVP is connected with the INV end of the pulse width modulator through the resistor R140, and the INV end of the pulse width modulator is also connected with the feedback signal end 48VFEED; the INV end of the pulse width modulator is grounded through a resistor R197.

The charging voltage stabilizing control circuit for the mobile power supply also comprises operational amplifiers U6-A, U6-B, U6-C and U6-D and an NPN triode Q105;

(1) An operational amplifier U6-D circuit section;

the direct current power supply end VCC-SEC (about 12V) is grounded through resistors R314 and R315 which are sequentially connected in series; the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier U6-D is connected with the connection point of the resistors R314 and R315;

the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-D is connected with an undervoltage and overvoltage signal A;

the output end of the operational amplifier U6-D is connected with a direct current power supply end VCC-SEC through a resistor R316; a resistor R320 is connected between the output end and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-D in a bridging way;

(2) An operational amplifier U6-C circuit section;

the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-C is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U6-D through a resistor R317;

the direct current power supply end VCC-SEC (about 12V) is grounded through resistors R318 and R319 which are sequentially connected in series; the inverting input of the operational amplifier U6-C is connected with the connection point of the resistors R318 and R319;

the output end of the operational amplifier U6-C is connected with a direct current power supply end VCC-SEC through a resistor R214;

(3) An operational amplifier U6-B circuit section;

the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-B is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U6-C;

the direct current power supply end VCC-SEC (about 12V) is grounded through resistors R223 and R221 which are sequentially connected in series; the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier U6-B is connected with the connection point of the resistors R223 and R221; the output end of the operational amplifier U6-B is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-A;

(4) An operational amplifier U6-A circuit section;

the direct current power supply end VCC-SEC (about 12V) is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-A through a resistor R35;

the 5V reference voltage terminal 5VREF (about 5V) is grounded through resistors R213 and R212 which are sequentially connected in series; the inverting input of the operational amplifier U6-A is connected with the connection point of the resistors R213 and R212; the output end of the operational amplifier U6-A is connected with a 5V reference voltage end 5VREF through a resistor R209;

the output end of the operational amplifier U6-A is connected with the anode of the diode D20; the cathode of the diode D20 is grounded through a resistor R207;

the negative electrode of the diode D20 is connected with the b electrode of the triode Q105; the c pole of the triode Q105 is connected with a 5V reference voltage end 5VREF; the e-pole of the transistor Q105 is connected to the feedback signal terminal 48VFEED via the resistor R198.

The output_A end of the pulse width modulator is connected with the OUTPUT signal end DRIVER-A-48V through a resistor R138; the output_b terminal of the pulse width modulator is connected to the OUTPUT signal terminal DRIVER-B-48V through the resistor R233.

The NI end of the pulse width modulator is connected with 2.5V reference voltage 2V5REFS through a resistor R194.

The SD end of the pulse width modulator is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-A through a resistor R34.

The operational amplifiers U6-A, U6-B, U-C and U6-D employ LM239ADR devices.

Transistor Q105 employs an MMBT4401LT1 device.

The voltage signal terminal 48VOVP is a 48V dc voltage.

Diode D20 employs a BAT54HT1 device.

The circuit outputs a two-way PWM signal to an external circuit (such as a driver control transformer and the like, which are not claimed in the patent), so that voltage stabilization control is realized.

The working process is described as follows:

case 1: the undervoltage and overvoltage signal A is valid at low level (i.e. when undervoltage and overvoltage occur, the state of A is low level);

when A is low level, the noninverting input end of the operational amplifier U6-D is about 4V, the operational amplifier U6-D outputs high level and is higher than the voltage of the inverting input end of the U6-C; thus, a high level is output at U6-C;

since the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal of U6-B is lower than the voltage at the inverting input terminal, U6-B outputs a low level; thereby further causing the U6-a output to be low; the transistor Q105 is non-conductive, and the voltage division value of the voltage on the voltage signal terminal 48VOVP of the 48VFEED is u×r197/(r197+r140), where U is the voltage of the voltage signal terminal 48 VOVP.

Case 2: conversely, if a is high, transistor Q105 is turned on, and a portion of the additional current from the 5v_ref source is applied to resistor R197 via resistor R198, and the voltage at voltage signal terminal 48VFEED increases (higher than in case 1); and the control of input to output is realized.

As shown in fig. 11, a step-down circuit for a mobile power supply includes a step-down circuit input terminal, an isolation transformer T5, a main transformer T1, and a step-down circuit output terminal connected in sequence;

the input end of the voltage reduction circuit is a PWM end DRIVER-A-48V and a DRIVER-B-48V;

the output of the step-down circuit is terminal 48VOVP.

The input end of the step-down circuit is connected with the primary side of the isolation transformer T5 through a driver;

the secondary side of the isolation transformer T5 is connected with the primary side of the main transformer T1 through a driving circuit based on the Q31 and the Q32 of the NMOS tube; the first end of the secondary side of the main transformer T1 is connected with a terminal 48VOVP through a diode D71; the second end of the secondary side of the main transformer T1 is connected with the SL-GND end through an inductor L3.

The driver is U20 and adopts an IXDN604SIA device;

the first end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T5 is connected with a voltage end VCC-SEC through a diode D27, and VCC-SEC is 12.5V.

PWM terminals DRIVER-A-48V and DRIVER-B-48V are respectively connected with pins 2 and 4 of the DRIVER through resistors R103 and R109; the 7-pin of the driver is connected with the second end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T5; the 7 pin of the driver is also connected with an SGND end through a diode D33; the pin 5 of the driver is connected to the first end of the primary side of the isolation transformer T5 via a capacitor C56.

The isolation transformer T5 has 2 secondary windings: a first secondary winding and a second secondary winding;

The first end of the first secondary coil is connected with the cathode of the diode D50 through a resistor R16; the anode of the diode D50 is connected with the G electrode of the NMOS tube Q32; the G pole of the NMOS tube Q32 is connected with the second end of the first secondary coil through a resistor R141; the G pole of the NMOS tube Q32 is also connected with the first end of the first secondary coil through a resistor R159; the S pole of the NMOS tube Q32 is connected with the first end of the primary side of the main transformer T1 and the second end of the first secondary side coil; the D electrode of the NMOS tube Q32 is connected with the 400V end;

the first end of the second secondary winding is connected with the cathode of the diode D51; the positive electrode of the diode D51 is connected with the G electrode of the NMOS tube Q31 through a resistor R17; the second end of the second secondary winding is connected with an AGND end, AGND is analog ground, DGND is digital ground, and the two grounds are finally shorted together. A resistor R142 is connected between the G pole and the S pole of the NMOS tube Q31 in a bridging way; the resistor R20 is connected between the G pole of the NMOS transistor Q31 and the first end of the second secondary winding.

The first end of the secondary side of the main transformer T1 is connected with the end 48VOVP through a capacitor C48 and a resistor R126 which are connected in series;

a resistor R147 is connected between the 48VOVP end and the SL-GND end; both capacitors C53 and C9 are connected in parallel with resistor R147.

The 48VOVP terminal is connected with the SL-GND terminal through a resistor R127 and a capacitor C52 which are connected in series.

The SL-GND terminal is connected with the SGND terminal through resistors R227 and R226 which are connected in parallel.

The step-down circuit for the mobile power supply further comprises a switching circuit based on a relay; the switching circuit based on the relay comprises a relay K2 and an NPN triode Q8; the relay K2 has one coil and two sets of contact switches.

The relay K2 is provided with 8 pins; and pins 1 and 2 are connected to both ends of the coil; pins 4,5 and 6 are respectively connected with a common end and 2 switching ends of the first group of contact switches; pins 3,7 and 8 are respectively connected with a common end and 2 switching ends of the second group of contact switches;

pins 3 and 4 of the relay K2 are connected with a 48VOVP end; the pin 5 and the pin 6 of the relay K2 are respectively connected with the VOUT-SN end and the BAT+ end; one path is used for charging the super capacitor and the other path is used for repairing the storage battery. VOUT-SN goes to the lead-acid battery and BAT+ goes to the super capacitor.

The 7 pin and the 8 pin of the relay K2 are respectively connected with the 5 pin and the 6 pin of the relay K2;

the 1 end of the relay K2 is connected with the C electrode of the triode Q8; the e pole of the triode Q8 is connected with the SGND end; the B pole of the triode Q8 is connected with the SGND end through a resistor R35; the B pole of the triode Q8 is also connected with a relay control end CTL-OUT through a resistor R34; CTL-OUT comes from MCU.

The 2 terminal of the relay K2 is connected with the voltage terminal VCC-SEC.

As shown in fig. 12, a voltage detection and control signal output circuit includes a feedback signal output circuit;

the feedback signal output circuit comprises operational amplifiers U22-B and U22-C;

the input ends of the feedback signal output circuit are digital ground ends SGND and SL-GND ends; the SL-GND terminal is connected with the SGND terminal through resistors R227 and R226 which are connected in parallel. R227 and R226 are each 0.01 ohm, see fig. 2;

The output terminals of the feedback signal output circuit are the I-CHARGE terminal and the feedback terminal 48VFEED.

The SGND end is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-B through resistors R246 and R245 which are connected in parallel; the SL-GND end is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-B through a resistor R244;

the I-CHARGE end is connected with the output end of the amplifier U22-B; a resistor R247 is connected between the output end and the inverting input end of the amplifier U22-B in a bridging way;

the I-CHARGE end is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-C through a resistor R249;

2.5V reference voltage end 2V5REFS is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-C through a resistor R248; a resistor R250 is connected between the output end and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-C in a bridging way; the output of the operational amplifier U22-C is connected to the anode of the diode D29, and the cathode of the diode D29 is connected to the feedback terminal 48VFEED.

FIG. 12 also includes a VSN-2 terminal, the VSN-2 terminal being coupled to the inverting input of the operational amplifier U22-C via a resistor R1; the VSN-2 end controls the charging current through the singlechip, and is generally in high and low level.

The resistances of resistors R244, R245, R246 and R247 are 1K, 47K, 1K and 47K ohms, respectively.

The resistances of resistors R248, R249, and R250 are 4.7K, and 150K ohms, respectively.

The voltage detection and control signal output circuit further comprises a first voltage signal detection circuit;

The first voltage signal detection circuit comprises an operational amplifier U22-A; the input end of the first voltage signal detection circuit is a 48VOVP end; the output end of the first voltage signal detection circuit is an SD_L_48V end.

2.5V reference voltage end 2V5REFS is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-A through a resistor R45; the 48VOVP end is connected with the SGND end through resistors R46 and R47 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point of the resistors R46 and R47 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-A;

the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-A is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D32 through the resistor R48, and the negative electrode of the diode D32 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U22-A; the output end of the operational amplifier U22-A is connected with the cathode of the diode D37; the positive electrode of the diode D37 is connected with the SD_L_48V terminal.

The resistances of the resistors R45 to R48 are 2K, 180K, 10K and 100K ohms, respectively.

The voltage detection and control signal output circuit also comprises a second voltage signal detection circuit;

the second voltage signal detection circuit comprises an operational amplifier U22-D; the input end of the second voltage signal detection circuit is an ICHARGE end; the output end of the second voltage signal detection circuit is an SD_L-48V end.

ICHARGE is connected with the anode of a diode D28, and the cathode of the diode D28 is connected with an SGND end through resistors R41 and R43 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point of the resistors R41 and R43 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-D;

2.5V reference voltage end 2V5REFS is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-D through a resistor R40;

tube D36 has 2 diode cells sharing a negative pole;

the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U22-D is connected with the positive electrode of the first diode unit of the diode D36 through the resistor R44, and the public negative electrode of the diode D36 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U22-D;

the anode of the second diode unit of the diode D36 is connected with the SD_L-48V end.

A mobile power supply adopts the voltage detection and control signal output circuit.

The positive power supply of the operational amplifiers U22-B and U22-C is terminated at the VCC-SEC terminal (about 12V) and the negative power supply of the operational amplifiers U22-B and U22-C is terminated at the SGND terminal.

The feedback signal 48VFEED is output to the PWM module as a feedback signal to the module.

13-15, the master control circuit comprises a master control chip, a power supply circuit and a signal detection circuit;

the main control chip adopts an AD type FLASH MCU integrated with a FLASH memory and a plurality of A/D converters;

the power supply circuit is used for providing 5V voltage for the main control chip;

the signal detection circuit is used for detecting a plurality of input signals and outputting voltage signals to a plurality of A/D conversion ports of the main control chip.

The AD type FLASH MCU is an SC8F2713 chip.

The power supply circuit is provided with a voltage stabilizing chip; the voltage stabilizing chip adopts a ME6119A5.0PG device; the input end of the ME6119A5.0PG device is connected with 12V voltage.

The input signals detected by the signal detection circuit comprise a battery positive terminal voltage signal BAT+ and a lead-acid battery power supply voltage signal VOUT-SN;

the battery positive terminal voltage signal BAT+ is grounded through resistors R6 and R16 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection end V01 of the resistors R6 and R16 is connected with one ADC signal input end of the main control chip; resistors R6 and R16 are 200K and 100K ohms, respectively.

The power supply voltage signal VOUT-SN of the lead-acid battery is grounded through resistors R8 and R9 which are sequentially connected in series; the connecting end V02 of the resistors R8 and R9 is connected with an ADC signal input end of the main control chip, and the power supply voltage signal VOUT-SN of the lead-acid battery is used for repairing the lead-acid battery (storage battery) of the automobile by the mobile power supply, and the resistors R8 and R9 are 100 Kohms.

The input signals detected by the signal detection circuit comprise VBOUT+ signals and 48VOVP signals;

the VBOUT+ signal is grounded through resistors R4 and R5 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection end V03 of the resistors R4 and R5 is connected with an ADC signal input end of the main control chip; resistors R4 and R5 are 200K and 100K ohms, respectively. VBOUT+ is the 12V positive terminal of the automobile battery, and the sampling voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of R4 and R5 is sent to the MCU V03 interface.

The 48VOVP signal is grounded through resistors R10 and R11 which are sequentially connected in series; the connecting end V04 of the resistors R10 and R11 is connected with an ADC signal input end of the main control chip, the power supply voltage signal VOUT-SN of the lead-acid battery is used for repairing the lead-acid battery (storage battery) of the automobile by the mobile power supply, and the resistors R8 and R9 are 100 Kohms. The 48VOVP signal is obtained by processing commercial power by a booster circuit and then a transformer, and is 48V in normal condition.

The signal detection circuit detects the voltage of the 5V-VDD; the 5V-VDD voltage is the output voltage of the power supply circuit;

in the 5V-VDD voltage detection circuit, the 5V-VDD end is grounded through a thermistor RT3 and a resistor R12 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection end V05 of the thermistor RT3 and the resistor R12 is connected with one ADC signal input end of the main control chip; thermistor RT3 and resistor R12 are both 10K ohms.

As shown in fig. 16, a constant current switching circuit includes a PWM controller U4 and a transformer T11;

the input end of the PWM controller U4 is connected with a direct current input voltage (the reference numeral 400V in the corresponding figure); the direct current input voltage is 300V-450V;

the transformer T11 has 2 primary windings and one secondary winding;

the output end VCC-SEC of the constant current switch circuit is connected with an output side circuit connected with a secondary winding of the transformer T11;

The output side circuit also outputs a feedback signal 7575-2 to the PWM controller.

The PWM controller U4 adopts an LD7575 chip.

The direct current input voltage is 400V; the direct current input voltage end (the reference numeral 400V in the corresponding diagram) is connected with the HV end of U4 through resistors R114, R8 and R10 which are sequentially connected in series; the feedback signal 7575-2 is coupled to the COMP terminal of U4. [ resistors R114, R8 and R10 are 10, 100K and 10K, respectively ]

The connection of the resistors R114 and R8 is connected with the first end (namely 2 pins) of the first primary winding of the transformer T11; the second end (i.e. 1 pin) of the first primary winding of the transformer T11 is connected with the D pole of the NMOS tube Q54; the G pole of the NMOS tube Q54 is connected with the DRV end of the PWM controller U4 through a diode D2; the diode D2 is connected in parallel with a resistor R78; the S electrode of the NMOS tube Q54 is grounded through a resistor R76; the S electrode of the NMOS tube Q54 is also connected with the CS end of the U4 through a resistor R79;

a resistor R77 (the resistance value is 10 Kohm) is connected between the G pole and the S pole of the NMOS tube Q54 in a bridging way;

the first end of the second primary winding of the transformer T11 is connected with a voltage end VCP through a diode D4; the cathode of the diode D4 is connected with a voltage end VCP; the second end of the second primary winding of the transformer T11 is grounded;

the first end of the secondary winding of the transformer T11 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D3, and the negative electrode of the diode D3 is connected with the second end of the secondary winding of the transformer T11 through the resistor R88; the second end of the secondary winding of the transformer T11 is grounded;

The cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the anode of the diode D15, and the cathode of the diode D15 is connected with the output end VCC-SEC; the positive electrode of the diode D15 is a VCC3 end;

the VCC3 end is grounded through resistors R99 and R100 which are sequentially connected in series;

the VCC3 end is connected with the positive electrode of the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler U2-B through a resistor R90; negative electrode connection stability of light emitting diode of optical coupler U2-B

A negative electrode of the presser U10; the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizer U10 is grounded; the light emitting diode of the optical coupler U2-B is connected in parallel with a resistor R98; the C electrode of the phototriode of the optical coupler U2-B is connected with a feedback signal 7575-2; the e electrode of the phototriode of the optical coupler U2-B is grounded;

the voltage stabilizing output end of the voltage stabilizer U10 is connected with the connection point of the resistors R99 and R100;

the second end of the first primary winding, the first end of the second primary winding and the first end of the secondary winding of the transformer T11 are the same name ends.

The second end of the first primary winding of the transformer T11 is connected with the anode of the diode D25; the cathode of the diode D25 is connected with the first end of the first primary winding of the transformer T11 through resistors R13 and R33 which are connected in parallel; a capacitor C11 is also connected between the VCP terminal and ground.

The optocoupler U2-B adopts a PC817C device.

The NMOS transistor Q54 is an STP6NK90Z device.

17-18, a boost protection circuit includes a boost protection chip U9; the boost protection circuit is provided with a control end CTL-B; the boost protection chip U9 is an FP5139 chip;

The boost protection circuit is powered by a VBOUT+ end; VBOUT+ is the voltage output end of the automobile battery; vbout+ is 12V;

the boost protection circuit charges the energy storage module through the BAT+ end.

VBOUT+ is connected with the S electrode of the PMOS tube Q16; the D pole of the PMOS tube Q16 is connected with the anode of the diode D20 through the inductor L2; the negative electrode of the diode D20 is connected with the BAT+ end through a thermistor RT 4; the G pole of the PMOS tube Q16 is connected with the CTL-B end through a resistor R56; a resistor R41 is connected between the G pole and the S pole of the PMOS tube Q16 in a bridging way;

the FB end of the boost protection chip U9 is connected with the BAT+ end through a resistor R37; the FB end of the boost protection chip U9 is grounded through a resistor R39;

the GATE end of the boost protection chip U9 is connected with the B pole of the NPN triode Q19 and the B pole of the PNP triode Q20 through a resistor R61; the E pole of Q19 and the C pole of Q20 are short-circuited; the C electrode of Q19 is connected with a 12V power supply;

the E pole of the Q19 is connected with the G pole of the NMOS tube Q10 through a resistor R43, and the D pole of the Q10 is connected with the anode of a diode D20; the S pole of Q10 and the E pole of Q20 are both grounded; the resistor R43 is connected in parallel with the diode D21.

The boost protection circuit is also provided with a control end CTL-A

CTL-A is connected with the G pole of the PMOS tube Q14 through a resistor R58 A resistor R40 is connected between the G pole of the PMOS tube Q14 and the cathode of the diode D20; the S electrode of the PMOS tube Q14 is connected with the cathode of the diode D20; the D electrode of the PMOS tube Q14 is connected with the BAT+ end.

The boost protection circuit also comprises an overcurrent protection circuit; the overcurrent protection circuit comprises an operational amplifier U1-A; the positive power supply end and the negative power supply end of the operational amplifier U1-A are respectively connected with a 12V power supply and ground;

the S pole of Q10 is connected with SGND+ end through parallel resistors R44 and R42; the SGND+ end and the BAT+ end are connected with a capacitor C10 (the SGND+ end and the BAT+ end are respectively connected with 2 input ends of the energy storage module, namely the boosting module charges the energy storage module through the SGND+ end and the BAT+ end); the SGND+ end is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1-A through a resistor R45; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1-A is grounded through a resistor R47; a resistor R18 is connected between the non-inverting input end and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1-A in a bridging way; a resistor R15 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier U1-A in a bridging way; the output end of the operational amplifier U1-A is connected with the FB end of U9 through a diode D22.

The boost protection circuit further comprises a voltage comparison circuit; the voltage comparison circuit comprises operational amplifiers U1-B;

the UBOUT+ end is grounded through resistors R49 and R51 which are sequentially connected in series; the connection point of the resistor R49 and the resistor R51 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1-B through the resistor R46; the noninverting input end of the operational amplifier U1-B is connected with a 2.5V reference voltage end 2V5REF through a resistor R48; a resistor R50 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier U1-B in a bridging way; the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1-B is connected to the FB terminal of U9 via a diode D31.

The operational amplifiers U1-A and U1-B each employ LM258ADR devices.

The boosting protection circuit also comprises a CTL-B and EN-19V signal generating circuit;

the CTL-B and EN-19V signal generating circuit comprises NMOS transistors Q11 and Q18; the CTL-CHG end is grounded through resistors R63 and R64 which are sequentially connected in series; the G pole of Q11 and the G pole of Q18 are connected with the connection point of the resistors R63 and R64; the S electrode of Q11 and the S electrode of Q18 are grounded; the D pole of Q11 and the D pole of Q18 are respectively connected with EN-19V and CTL-B terminals, and EN-19V is connected with the CTL terminal of U9 through a resistor R57. The CTL-CHG end is an IO port of the MCU.

The boosting protection circuit also comprises a CTL-A signal generating circuit

The CTL-A signal generating circuit comprises an NMOS tube Q17 The CTL-CHGBAT end is grounded through resistors R25 and R31 which are sequentially connected in series; the G pole of Q17 is connected with the connection point of the resistors R25 and R31; the S electrode of Q18 is grounded; the D pole of Q18 is connected with CTL-A terminal. The CTL-CHGBAT end is an IO port of the MCU.

Claims

1. The mobile power supply based on the super capacitor is characterized by comprising an AC-DC conversion circuit, a direct current voltage stabilizing circuit, a storage circuit, a discharge circuit and an MCU unit;

The energy storage circuit is based on a super capacitor;

the protection circuit is an undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit and a boosting protection circuit;

the relay switching circuit is controlled by the MCU unit;

the mobile power supply also comprises a battery compartment and a DC-DC boost circuit; the battery bin is used for placing an external battery; the 2 power supply terminals of the battery bin are connected with the DC-DC boost circuit; the DC-DC boost circuit is connected with the super capacitor;

the DC-DC boost circuit is controlled by the MCU unit;

the output end of the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit is also provided with an auxiliary power interface;

the output end of the direct current voltage stabilizing circuit is also provided with a fan power interface, and the fan power interface supplies power for a cooling fan in the mobile power supply;

the energy storage circuit comprises a plurality of super capacitor modules which are connected in series in the same direction; each super capacitor module comprises a plurality of super capacitors which are connected in parallel in the same direction;

5-20 super capacitor modules connected in parallel; each super capacitor module comprises 2-10 super capacitors which are connected in parallel in the same direction;

the same-direction parallel connection means that the anode of the parallel capacitor is connected with the anode, and the cathode is connected with the cathode;

each super capacitor module is connected in parallel with a voltage stabilizing branch, the voltage stabilizing branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a voltage stabilizing tube in series, the resistance value of the resistor is 1 ohm, and the model of the voltage stabilizing tube is MMSZS223BT1;

the adjacent super capacitor modules are in short circuit through sockets; the socket is provided with at least 2 pins, and pins in the socket are in short circuit;

the alternating current input power supply processing circuit comprises a mains supply interface, a single-phase rectifier bridge and a resistor switching circuit;

the mains supply interface comprises an L end and an N end; the mains supply interface is connected with the alternating current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge; the first end of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is connected with the output end of the alternating current input power supply processing circuit through the resistor switching circuit; the second end of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is grounded;

the resistor switching circuit is a relay-based resistor switching circuit;

the relay K1 comprises a coil and a normally open switch;

the normally open switch is connected with a resistor R36 in parallel;

the first end of the resistor R36 is connected with the first end of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge; the second end of the resistor R36 is connected with the output end of the alternating current input power supply processing circuit through a diode D9;

inductors L1 and L4 are sequentially connected in series between the second end of the resistor R36 and the diode D9;

the second end of the direct current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is grounded through a measuring resistor R1;

a piezoresistor branch is connected between the L end and the N end of the mains supply interface; the piezoresistor branch is formed by connecting piezoresistors RV6 and RV1 in series;

the alternating current side of the single-phase rectifier bridge is connected with a piezoresistor RV7 in parallel;

the G pole and the S pole of the MOS transistor Q3 are respectively connected with the e pole and the c pole of the triode Q5; the b pole of the triode Q5 is connected with the output end of the MOSFET driver; the number of the MOSFET driving circuits is 2 in parallel connection, and the 2 nd one comprises Q2 and Q4; as a redundant design.