CN107321341B - diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) Preparation method of composite photocatalyst - Google Patents

diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) Preparation method of composite photocatalyst Download PDF

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CN107321341B
CN107321341B CN201710721831.1A CN201710721831A CN107321341B CN 107321341 B CN107321341 B CN 107321341B CN 201710721831 A CN201710721831 A CN 201710721831A CN 107321341 B CN107321341 B CN 107321341B
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diatomite
tio
graphene
tetrabutyl titanate
composite photocatalyst
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CN107321341A (en
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王丽娟
杜高翔
左然芳
宋锐
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China University of Geosciences Beijing
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China University of Geosciences Beijing
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/18Carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/14Diatomaceous earth
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B01J35/39

Abstract

The invention discloses diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A preparation method of a composite photocatalyst. According to the method, the diatomite/(GR + TiO) is prepared by taking the diatomite subjected to fine purification and pore structure modification as a carrier and tetrabutyl titanate as a titanium source and doping graphene2) A composite photocatalyst is provided. diatomite/(GR + TiO) prepared by the method of the invention2) The composite photocatalyst can effectively improve the affinity of particles and organic matters, the adsorption efficiency and the photocatalytic degradation rate under the condition of visible light, and can effectively solve the problem of difficult separation of the catalyst and water. The method does not produce pollution in the production process and is suitable for industrial production.

Description

diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) Preparation method of composite photocatalyst
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of inorganic non-metallic materials and composite photocatalysts, and particularly relates to diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A preparation method of a composite photocatalyst.
Background
The photocatalyst is a substance carrier for treating pollutants in sewage and waste gas by photocatalysis, and the performance of the photocatalyst determines the efficiency and cost of the photocatalysis treatment of the sewage and the waste gas. Compared with the traditional chemical oxidation method, biological treatment method and high-temperature incineration method, the semiconductor photocatalysis technology can completely degrade the pollutants in the air and water at normal temperature and normal pressure by using solar energy, has no secondary pollution, and is considered as an ideal environment treatment technology. In semiconductor photocatalysts, titanium dioxide is a research hotspot in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis due to the advantages of low price, no toxicity, proper conduction band potential, small photo-corrosiveness, no secondary pollution and the like.
The titanium dioxide photocatalysis technology is developed rapidly in recent years, but the bottleneck problem still exists in the aspect of industrial application: (1) in order to increase the interfacial reaction area of a unit catalyst, researchers prepare titanium dioxide into ultrafine particles or even nano-particles, and due to the super-hydrophilicity of the titanium dioxide, especially the super-hydrophilicity, the super-fineness and the high dispersibility after ultraviolet irradiation, the recovery of the catalyst after the photocatalytic treatment of sewage is very highDifficulty; (2) part of the processes for treating sewage by photocatalysis are carried out under the condition of ultraviolet illumination, and the rate of photodegradation is low, so that the cost for treating sewage by photocatalysis is far higher than that of other methods. Thus, nano TiO is solved2The problems of difficult separation from water and low rate of photocatalytic treatment of sewage and waste gas are very important for realizing the industrial application of the photocatalytic method.
The titanium dioxide is doped with a certain amount of graphene, so that the absorption of the titanium dioxide to visible light can be improved, and the photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide can be improved. For example, in patent CN102553560A, tetrabutyl titanate is mixed with graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and a titanium dioxide/graphene composite photocatalyst is obtained by a sol-gel method, so that the photocatalytic efficiency is improved. In patent CN104785235A, the modified graphene oxide suspension is mixed with titanyl sulfate, and a modified graphene oxide-supported titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst is obtained through a hydrothermal reaction. The photocatalyst efficiency is improved by doping graphene, but nano TiO2The problem of difficult recovery has not been solved yet.
Diatomite is a porous mineral which is formed by depositing diatom remains and takes amorphous silicon dioxide as a main component, has the advantages of strong adsorbability, acid resistance, 700 ℃ high temperature resistance and the like, and has wide application in the aspects of adsorbents, filter aids, sewage treatment, catalyst carriers and the like. The diatomite has rich reserves and low price, and can be used as a photocatalytic material carrier, thereby not only reducing the preparation and use costs, but also solving the problem of difficult recovery in the practical application of wastewater treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of difficult recovery of nano-scale titanium dioxide, low photocatalytic degradation rate under visible light conditions and the like, the invention provides diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A preparation method of a composite photocatalyst. According to the method, the diatomite/(GR + TiO) is prepared by taking the diatomite subjected to fine purification and pore structure modification as a carrier and tetrabutyl titanate as a titanium source and doping graphene2) A composite photocatalyst is provided. Compared with the prior art, the diatomite/(GR + TiO) prepared by the method of the invention2) The composite photocatalyst can effectively improve the particleThe affinity with organic matters, the adsorption efficiency and the photocatalytic degradation rate under the condition of visible light can effectively solve the problem that the catalyst is difficult to separate from water; the method does not produce pollution in the production process and is suitable for industrial production.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst comprises the steps of taking diatomite subjected to fine purification and pore structure transformation as a carrier, taking tetrabutyl titanate as a titanium source, and doping graphene to prepare the diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A composite photocatalyst is provided.
The method has the following requirements on raw materials:
1) diatomite: finely purifying diatomite with the fineness of 80-1250 meshes and the content of silicon dioxide of 80-92 percent;
2) tetrabutyl titanate: the method is industrial pure;
3) graphene: graphene oxide;
4) anhydrous ethanol: the method is industrial pure;
5) acetic acid: industrial grade.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent, dripping acetic acid under rapid stirring, and slowly dripping distilled water to form TiO2Precursor gel for later use;
2) mixing the finely purified diatomite with the TiO obtained in step 1)2Mixing the precursor gel and the graphene oxide, adding a proper amount of water, quickly stirring, transferring the system into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 1-30 h at 20-200 ℃;
3) drying the mixed solution prepared in the step 2), placing the dried mixed solution in an atmosphere furnace, and carrying out high-temperature heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at the calcination temperature of 300-800 ℃ for 1-100 h to obtain the diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A composite photocatalytic material.
Preferably, in the step 1), the volume ratio of the raw materials is tetrabutyl titanate: anhydrous ethanol: distilled water: acetic acid is 5-15: 65-75: 6-10: 1-5.
Preferably, in the step 2), the mass ratio of the raw materials is diatomite: titanium dioxide: 85-95: 5-25: 1.5 to 2.5.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1) the diatomite is used as a carrier of the titanium dioxide, so that pollutants can be adsorbed, and the problem that the catalyst is difficult to separate from water is solved;
2) a certain amount of graphene is doped in the composite photocatalyst, so that the affinity of particles and organic matters can be effectively improved, the adsorption efficiency is improved, and the photocatalytic degradation rate under the condition of visible light is effectively improved;
3) the invention does not produce pollution in the production process and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and example 1.
FIG. 1 shows the diatomaceous earth/(GR + TiO) prepared in example 1 of the present invention2) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis of the composite photocatalyst.
FIG. 2 shows the diatomaceous earth/(GR + TiO) prepared in example 1 of the present invention2) Energy spectrum analysis (EDS) photograph of the composite photocatalyst.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The raw materials are selected according to the following requirements:
1) diatomite: fine purified diatomite with fineness of 80 meshes and silicon dioxide content of 80 percent;
2) tetrabutyl titanate: the method is industrial pure;
3) graphene: graphene oxide;
4) anhydrous ethanol: the method is industrial pure;
5) acetic acid: industrial grade.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 15mL of tetrabutyl titanate, 75mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 7.5mL of distilled water and 1.5mL of acetic acid, stirring and mixing the tetrabutyl titanate and the absolute ethyl alcohol, then dropwise adding the acetic acid, and slowly dropwise adding the distilled water to form TiO2Precursor gel is placed for standby;
2) weighing 30g of purified diatomite powder and 0.8g of graphene, and weighing TiO2Converting the precursor gel into 8g of titanium dioxide, adding a proper amount of water into the precursor gel, stirring and mixing, putting into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 12h at 150 ℃ under magnetic stirring;
3) drying the mixed solution at 60 ℃, putting the dried mixed solution into a nitrogen atmosphere furnace, and preserving heat for 2 hours at 650 ℃ to obtain the diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A composite photocatalytic material.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 1 shows diatomaceous earth/(GR + TiO)2) Scanning electron microscope image of the composite photocatalytic material, and FIG. 2 is the element components marked with cross micro-area in FIG. 1. It is understood that the diatomaceous earth/(GR + TiO) is obtained by the above examples2) The titanium dioxide is distributed on the surface and the pore channels of the diatomite and coated on the surface of the graphene.
Example 2
The raw materials are selected according to the following requirements:
1) diatomite: fine purified diatomite with 800 meshes of fineness and 86 percent of silicon dioxide content;
2) tetrabutyl titanate: the method is industrial pure;
3) graphene: graphene oxide;
4) anhydrous ethanol: the method is industrial pure;
5) acetic acid: industrial grade.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) measuring 5mL of tetrabutyl titanate, 65mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 6mL of distilled water and 1mL of acetic acid, firstly stirring and mixing the tetrabutyl titanate and the absolute ethyl alcohol, then dropwise adding the acetic acid, and then slowly dropwise adding the distilled water to form TiO2Precursor gel is placed for standby;
2) weighing 85g of purified diatomite powder and 1.5g of graphene, and weighing TiO2Converting the precursor gel into 5g of titanium dioxide, adding a proper amount of water into the precursor gel, stirring and mixing, putting into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 1h at 20 ℃ under magnetic stirring;
3) drying the mixed solution at 80 ℃, putting the dried mixed solution into a nitrogen atmosphere furnace, and preserving heat for 1h at 300 ℃ to obtain the diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) Composite photocatalysisA material.
Example 3
The raw materials are selected according to the following requirements:
1) diatomite: fine purified diatomite with fineness of 1250 meshes and silicon dioxide content of 92 percent;
2) tetrabutyl titanate: the method is industrial pure;
3) graphene: graphene oxide;
4) anhydrous ethanol: the method is industrial pure;
5) acetic acid: industrial grade.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 10mL of tetrabutyl titanate, 70mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 10mL of distilled water and 5mL of acetic acid, stirring and mixing the tetrabutyl titanate and the absolute ethyl alcohol, then dropwise adding the acetic acid, and slowly dropwise adding the distilled water to form TiO2Precursor gel is placed for standby;
2) weighing 95g of purified diatomite powder and 2.5g of graphene, and weighing TiO2Converting the precursor gel into 2.5g of titanium dioxide, adding a proper amount of water into the precursor gel, stirring and mixing, putting into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting for 30 hours at 200 ℃ under magnetic stirring;
3) drying the mixed solution at 70 ℃, putting the dried mixed solution into a nitrogen atmosphere furnace, and preserving the heat for 100 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain the diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A composite photocatalytic material.
Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. diatomite/GR + TiO2The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method takes diatomite subjected to fine purification and pore structure modification as a carrier, tetrabutyl titanate as a titanium source, and graphene is dopedPreparing into diatomite/GR + TiO2A composite photocatalyst;
the method has the following requirements on raw materials:
1) diatomite: finely purifying diatomite with the fineness of 80-1250 meshes and the content of silicon dioxide of 80-92 percent;
2) tetrabutyl titanate: the method is industrial pure;
3) graphene: graphene oxide;
4) anhydrous ethanol: the method is industrial pure;
5) acetic acid: industrial grade;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol solvent, dripping acetic acid under rapid stirring, and slowly dripping distilled water to form TiO2Precursor gel for later use;
2) mixing the finely purified diatomite with the TiO obtained in step 1)2Mixing the precursor gel and the graphene oxide, adding a proper amount of water, quickly stirring, transferring the system into a reaction kettle, and reacting for 12 hours at 150 ℃;
3) drying the mixed solution prepared in the step 2), placing the dried mixed solution in an atmosphere furnace, performing high-temperature heat treatment in the nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the calcination temperature is 650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours to obtain the diatomite/(GR + TiO)2) A composite photocatalytic material;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the step 1), the volume ratio of the raw materials is tetrabutyl titanate: anhydrous ethanol: distilled water: acetic acid is 5-15: 65-75: 6-10: 1-5;
in the step 2), the mass ratio of the raw materials is diatomite: titanium dioxide: 85-95: 5-25: 1.5-2.5;
titanium dioxide and graphene are compounded and loaded on the surface of diatomite.
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CN109317131A (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-02-12 重庆工商大学 A kind of diatomite based composites and preparation method thereof
CN109722070A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-07 赵曦轮 A kind of aqueous inorganic interior wall coating of environmental protection flame retardant and preparation method thereof
CN109401415A (en) * 2019-01-12 2019-03-01 上海伟星新材料科技有限公司 A kind of purifying formaldehyde water-resistant putty for interior wall
CN110102278A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-08-09 重庆大学 A kind of nano titanium dioxide photocatalysis composite material and preparation method
CN110841589A (en) * 2019-12-16 2020-02-28 北京工商大学 Adsorbent with photocatalytic activity and preparation method and application thereof
CN113716679B (en) * 2021-09-23 2022-08-19 湖南科美洁环保科技有限公司 Sewage treatment method
CN113876989B (en) * 2021-10-09 2023-05-12 苏州同构科技有限公司 Diatomite deodorant and application thereof

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CN102553560B (en) * 2012-01-12 2013-12-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Preparation method of titanium dioxide/graphene composite photocatalyst
CN104785235B (en) * 2015-03-25 2017-03-01 中南大学 A kind of preparation method of modified graphene carried titanium dioxide composite photo-catalyst
CN105964236A (en) * 2016-05-27 2016-09-28 天津工业大学 Preparing method for graphene/titanium dioxide photocatalyst

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