CN107311156A - A kind of porous graphene and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of porous graphene and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107311156A CN107311156A CN201710724499.4A CN201710724499A CN107311156A CN 107311156 A CN107311156 A CN 107311156A CN 201710724499 A CN201710724499 A CN 201710724499A CN 107311156 A CN107311156 A CN 107311156A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- graphene
- graphene oxide
- porous graphene
- porous
- hydrogen iodide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical group I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- -1 oxygen Graphite alkene Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000209456 Plumbago Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027555 hydrotropism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
- C01B2204/22—Electronic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
- C01B2204/20—Graphene characterized by its properties
- C01B2204/32—Size or surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of porous graphene and preparation method thereof, the graphene, which is made after electrode, is used for having the energy density improved in terms of ultracapacitor or other chargeable ion batteries.The inventors discovered that, it is selected from hydroiodic acid if graphene oxide used（Hydrogen iodide）Etchant restore according to a certain percentage, at a certain temperature, after etching certain time as graphene, so obtained graphene has nano-pore structure, and hole is uniform；The energy density that electrode is used in terms of ultracapacitor or other chargeable ion batteries have raising is made in the graphene.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing porous graphene.The invention further relates to porous graphite obtained by this method
Alkene, and application of the graphene in terms of electrode.
Background technology
Graphene (graphene) is only one layer of atomic thickness being stripped out from graphite, being made up of carbon atom
Two dimensional crystal.Graphene is most thin material, is also most tough material, in addition the electrically and thermally performance on its two-dimensional directional
It is very outstanding.
Graphene oxide (graphene oxide) is the oxide of graphene, and it contains a certain amount of oxygen element, generally
Prepared with Hummer ' s methods.Common graphene oxide product has powdered, sheet and solution shape.After oxidized, its
Upper oxygen-containing functional group increases and make it that property is more active compared with graphene, can improve via the various reactions with oxygen-containing functional group
Nature.In the present invention, this material as porous graphene raw material.
Ultracapacitor is referred to as vast capacity electrochemical capacitor, also referred to as double layer capacitor, is a kind of new storage
Can device.Compared with traditional lithium ion battery, it has higher power density discharge and recharge time shorter in other words, its energy
Metric density is that (power density can reach ten times of lithium ion battery for 10 to 100 times of common ordinary liquid ionistor
More than), efficiency for charge-discharge is high, and service life cycle length (can be more than 105), wider array of (- 20 DEG C to 70 DEG C of operating temperature range
), good reliability saves the features such as energy, environmental protection.The storing up electricity mechanism of ultracapacitor is charge adsorption, therefore, same volume
The lower material with more bigger serface of product typically has bigger energy density.The electrode material for the ultracapacitor commonly used at present
Material is usually activated carbon, and its energy density is only the 1/60-1/30 of lithium ion battery.
Graphene is due to its two-dimensional characteristics, and specific surface area is huge, is expected to improve 5-10 times of the energy density of ultracapacitor.
However, the energy density of ultracapacitor only has 1/10 to the 1/20 of lithium ion battery now now.How energy density is improved
It is the main direction of studying of ultracapacitor all the time.Wherein improve the surface area of electrode for capacitors and the ratio of volume (quality)
Example can be obviously improved energy density.In recent years, low-dimensional carbon material, such as graphene and CNT, because its is high
Specific surface area, good electric conductivity, as the focus direction for improving super capacitor energy density.
Graphene is typically prepared using traditional chemical stripping method, namely Hummer ' s methods.Later Hummer ' s are again to passing
System method forms improved Hummer ' s methods, improved Hummer ' s methods are using crystalline flake graphite as raw material, with permanganic acid by improvement
Potassium, the concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate are oxidant, by graphite oxidation into graphite oxide, then are cleaned by having children outside the state plan, and remove oxide and other
Impurity, obtains the graphene oxide of individual layer.Then by various restoring method, such as heating reduction, hydrothermal reduction, laser reduction,
Electronation etc. makes graphene oxide reduction with regard to that can obtain graphene.In general, graphite oxidation reduces legal system graphene
Thinking is, first by graphite oxidation and peels off into graphene oxide, restores and obtains graphene.
However, at present by graphene made from chemistry redox when being used as electrode material, the energy of the electrode obtained
Density, which is still needed, further to be improved.
The content of the invention
In view of above-mentioned prior art problem, the present inventor has carried out extensive and deep in terms of the preparation of graphene
The research entered, to find such a graphene, the graphene, which is made after electrode, is used for ultracapacitor or other chargeable
There is the energy density improved in terms of ion battery.The inventors discovered that, it is selected from hydroiodic acid if graphene oxide used（Iodine
Change hydrogen）Etchant restore according to a certain percentage, at a certain temperature, after etching certain time as graphene, so obtain
Graphene there is nano-pore structure, and hole is uniform；By the graphene be made electrode be used for ultracapacitor or it is other can
There is the energy density improved in terms of charged ions battery.The present invention is based on foregoing discovery and is accomplished.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of method for preparing graphene, graphene made from this method is
Porous graphene, with nano-pore structure, and hole is uniform；The graphene is made into electrode is used for ultracapacitor or other
There is the energy density improved in terms of chargeable ion battery.
It is a further object to provide a kind of graphene, the graphene has nano-pore structure, and hole is equal
Even, the graphene is made into electrode is used for having the energy improved close in terms of ultracapacitor or other chargeable ion batteries
Degree.
It is also another object of the present invention to provide according to the present invention graphene in the electrodes as the purposes of electrode material.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrode, and it is included is used as electrode material according to the graphene of the present invention
Material, the energy density for improving ultracapacitor or other chargeable ion batteries comprising the electrode etc..
A further object is for the present invention provides the electrode according to the present invention in ultracapacitor or other chargeable ions
Purposes in battery, the energy density for improving ultracapacitor or other chargeable ion batteries etc..
Final object of the present invention is to provide the ultracapacitor comprising the electrode according to the present invention or other filled
Electron ion battery.
Realizing the technical scheme of above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be summarized as follows：
A kind of method for preparing porous graphene, comprises the following steps:
1) graphene oxide is made to be reacted 3-5 hours at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C under agitation with the etchant selected from hydrogen iodide,
Wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide is 1:5 to 1:50；
2) separation through step 1) processing graphene oxide；
3) by step 2) obtained graphene oxide reduces with reducing agent, obtains porous graphene.
As a further improvement on the present invention, wherein step 1) in reaction temperature be 80-120 DEG C, preferably 95-105 DEG C；
Reaction time is 3.5-4.5 hours, preferably 3.8-4.2 hours；And/or the weight ratio of graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide is 1:10
To 1:30, preferably 1:10 to 1:20.
As a further improvement on the present invention, wherein in step 1) in, make graphene oxide with hydrogen iodide at 95-105 DEG C
At a temperature of react 3.8-4.2 hour, and graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide weight ratio be 1:10 to 1:20.
As a further improvement on the present invention, wherein graphene oxide is with 0.1-5g/L, preferably 0.5-3 the g/L aqueous solution
Use；And/or, hydrogen iodide is used with 5-50 weight %, the preferably 20-40 weight % aqueous solution.
As a further improvement on the present invention, wherein step 2) in separation pass through to centrifuge and carry out, preferably centrifugation point
From progress two or more times.
As a further improvement on the present invention, wherein step 3) in reduction use ascorbic acid and/or its sodium salt conduct
Reducing agent is carried out；It is preferred that the reduction is carried out 0.5-2 hours at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the average diameter of hole is 1-10nm wherein contained by porous graphene, preferably
2-5nm；And/or, the distribution of hole contained by porous graphene causes every nm2The hole count of graphene is 0.005-0.5, is preferably
0.05-0.2.
The average diameter of hole contained by the porous graphene obtained by the above method, wherein porous graphene is 1-
10nm, preferably 2-5nm；And/or, the distribution of porous graphene contained hole should cause every nm2The hole count of graphene is 0.005-0.5
It is individual, preferably 0.05-0.2.
These and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention are readily able to be common after the hereafter consideration present invention is combined
Technical staff understands.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is transmission electron microscope (TEM) photo of graphene prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, should
Embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of method for preparing porous graphene, comprises the following steps:
1) graphene oxide is made with being selected from hydroiodic acid（Hydrogen iodide）Etchant reacted under agitation at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C
3-5 hours, the wherein weight ratio of graphene oxide and etchant was 1:5 to 1:50（Here ratio refers to the pure material of the two
Ratio, is not critical as the two reacts in what medium, therefore only gives ratio, so writes and is not meant to hydrogen iodide
It must be used with pure material, this as an aqueous solution using still using as an aqueous solution）；
2) separation through step 1) processing graphene oxide；
3) by step 2) obtained graphene oxide reduces with reducing agent, obtains porous graphene.
In order to obtain the porous graphene of the present invention, by graphene oxide with being selected from hydroiodic acid（Hydrogen iodide）Etchant with
1:5 to 1:50 weight ratio reacts 3-5 hours at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C to be necessary.After being processed as, oxygen
Graphite alkene becomes porous graphene oxide, after the porous oxidation graphene is reduced, that is, obtains porous graphene, its hole
The average diameter of gap is typically not greater than 10nm, and pore size is uniform, and distribution is also uniform, and the hole will not also cause sheet
Graphene is broken or substantially fracture.Due to the introducing of a large amount of nano-pores in graphene so that the specific surface area of graphene is carried significantly
Height, so that energy can be significantly increased when the graphene is made when electrode is used for ultracapacitor or other chargeable ion batteries
Density.
Graphene oxide is the oxide of graphene, and it contains a certain amount of oxygen element, generally with Hummer ' s method systems
It is standby.According to the present invention, the graphene oxide used as raw material both can be prepared voluntarily, can also be purchased in market.In the inventive method
Step 1) in, graphene oxide is generally used as an aqueous solution.Typically, graphene is with 0.1-5g/L, preferably 0.5-3
G/L aqueous solution form is used.
Hydrogen iodide be used as carry out step 1) reaction another raw material, its effect be to graphene oxide be etched beat
Hole, to form the nanoaperture in final graphene.Hydrogen iodide is generally used as an aqueous solution.Typically, hydrogen iodide (this
In hydrogen iodide refer to pure material) with 5-50 weight %, preferably 20-40 weight % aqueous solution form is used.
In order to obtain nanoaperture needed for graphene of the present invention, it is necessary to by graphene oxide and the etching selected from hydroiodic acid
Agent is using the weight ratio of graphene oxide/etchant as 1:5 to 1:50 ratio is used, and preferably the weight ratio is 1:10 to 1:30,
Preferably 1:10 to 1:20.If the weight ratio of graphene oxide/etchant is more than 1:5, then do not reach required etch effect,
Loose structure can not be produced；If the weight ratio of graphene oxide/etchant is less than 1:50, then aperture too conference causes stratiform
Graphene-structured is destroyed, i.e., graphene becomes fragment.
In order to obtain the nanoaperture needed for graphene of the present invention, graphene oxide and etchant must also be caused in addition
Reaction is carried out at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C, is carried out preferably at 90-110 DEG C, is carried out particularly preferably at 95-105 DEG C.If
The reaction temperature of graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide is higher than 120 DEG C, then reacts and be difficult to control very much the reaction time soon；If graphite oxide
The reaction temperature of alkene and hydrogen iodide is less than 80 DEG C, then reaction speed can be excessively slow.In order to realize the constant of temperature and be precisely controlled have
Profit is heated using body lotion, preferably oil bath heating.
In order to obtain the nanoaperture needed for graphene of the present invention, must additionally it cause graphene oxide anti-with hydrogen iodide
Answer 3-5 hours, preferably react 3.5-4.5 hours, particularly preferably reaction 3.8-4.2 hours.If graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide
Reaction time be longer than 5 hours, then aperture causes greatly very much lamellar graphite alkene result to be destroyed, i.e., graphene becomes fragment；Such as
The reaction time of fruit graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide is less than 3 hours, then does not reach etch effect, i.e., can not produce loose structure.
In the particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1) in, make graphene oxide with etchant in 95-
Reacted 3.8-4.2 hours at a temperature of 105 DEG C, and the weight ratio of graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide is 1:10 to 1:20.
Step 1) in reaction generally carry out under agitation.Can be that machinery is stirred as the agitator for realizing stirring
Device or magnetic stirring apparatus are mixed, the agitator of other forms is can also be certainly.
By step 1) reaction or processing, graphene oxide be etched agent etching punching, form porous oxidation graphite
Alkene.In order to which gained porous oxidation graphene is reduced into graphene, it is necessary to by step 1) in the porous graphene separation that is formed carry
It is pure to come out, that is, carry out step 2).
In order to separate through step 1) processing graphene oxide, it is any be adapted to from step 1) reactant mixture in sub-argument go out
The method of graphene oxide is suitable for.It is central, it is particularly suitable that centrifuging.Therefore, centrifuge it is preferred carry out twice or
More times.The rotating speed of centrifuge is generally at least 10000 revs/min.Main removing aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide is centrifuged for the first time
(being used as supernatant), subsequent second centrifuges main hydrogen iodide [H1] etchant for removing remnants, so as to reclaim
Etchant.The etchant of recovery can be used further to be etched graphene oxide punching.
After isolated porous oxidation graphene, it is reduced with reducing agent, porous graphene is obtained, that is, carries out step
3).Reduction in the step is conventional, and any method that graphene oxide can be reduced to graphene all can be used, including add
Thermal reduction, hydrothermal reduction, laser reduction, electronation etc..Advantageously, the present invention using ascorbic acid and/or its sodium salt (under
Text is sometimes also indicated as ascorbic acid (sodium)) as reducing agent by graphene oxide electronation be graphene.
When using ascorbic acid (sodium) redox graphene, generally make step 2) in obtained porous oxidation graphene
0.5-2 hours, wherein graphene oxide and ascorbic acid (sodium) are reacted at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C with ascorbic acid (sodium)
Relative usage is：10-30g graphene oxides/mol ascorbic acid (sodium).
In order to carry out step 3) in reduction, porous oxidation graphene is generally configured to the aqueous solution and used.Typically,
Porous oxidation graphene is used with 1-3g/L, preferably 1.5-2.5 g/L aqueous solution form.Ascorbic acid (sodium) also advantageously with
Water-soluble form is used.Typically, ascorbic acid (sodium) is with 0.02-0.5mol/L, and preferably 0.05-0.2 mol/L's is water-soluble
Liquid form is used.The reaction of porous oxidation graphene and ascorbic acid (sodium) is generally carried out at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C, preferably
Carried out at a temperature of 95-105 DEG C.The reaction time of the reaction is usually 0.5-2 hours, preferably 0.8-1.2 hours.By water
As the reduction reaction of reaction medium, porous oxidation graphene is transformed to porous graphene, and the porous graphene is with glue
The form of body is obtained.If obtaining the graphene of dry powder form, generally gained colloid is dried i.e. available.If obtained
The graphene of aqueous solution form, graphene is soluble in water.
The graphene obtained according to the inventive method, containing a large amount of nanometer level microporous, and pore diameter is evenly distributed, greatly
The big specific surface area for improving graphene.Typically, the average diameter of hole contained by porous graphene of the present invention is 1-10nm,
It is preferred that 2-5nm.In addition, typically, the distribution of hole contained by porous graphene generally causes per nm2The hole count of graphene is
0.005-0.5, preferably 0.05-0.2.
Therefore, according to the second aspect of the invention there is provided a kind of porous graphene obtained according to the inventive method,
Wherein the average diameter of hole contained by porous graphene is 1-10nm, preferably 2-5nm.It is moreover advantageous that porous graphene institute
The distribution of apertures should cause every nm2The hole count of graphene is 0.005-0.5, preferably 0.05-0.2.
The graphene of the present invention is the poroid graphene of nanometer, can be the aqueous solution, colloid or powder body material in form.Should
Graphene contains a large amount of nanometer micropores, and specific surface area is greatly improved.When the graphene be made electrode be used for ultracapacitor or its
During its chargeable ion battery such as lithium ion battery, due to the nanometer pore property of graphene, it is found that gained energy density is compared
5-10 times can be improved in the situation of the graphene using non-nano-pore.
Therefore, according to the third aspect of the present invention there is provided porous graphene of the present invention in the electrodes as electrode material
The purposes of material.
When the porous graphite alkene of the present invention is used for into electrode, the graphite that will can be directly obtained according to the inventive method
Alkene colloid (that is, watersoluble plumbago alkene colloid), which is directly used in, prepares electrode, such as when electrolyte is water-based system, or simple place
It is used to prepare electrode after reason, such as when electrolyte is organic system, it is necessary to which the water in colloid is replaced into organic liquid.
Advantageously, it is used further to prepare electrode after the water displacement in watersoluble plumbago alkene colloid is removed.Therefore, usual example
As added acetonitrile in hydrotropism's graphene colloid, kept for about 1 hour, then remove the water cemented out.Then second is added
Nitrile, so displacement two to three times, are similarly obtained colloid.The graphene for being processed as obtaining can be directly as super capacitor equipment
Material is used, it is not necessary to conductive agent and adhesive, and electrode slice can be formed by compacting.As Graphene electrodes piece, its thickness is
Conventional, 10-300 um are generally can be, according to the size of different ultracapacitors, can be adjusted.
Therefore, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of electrode, it includes what is obtained by the inventive method
Porous graphene or the porous graphene according to the present invention.The electrode is because the nanometer pore property of graphene so that comprising this
The ultracapacitor of electrode or other chargeable ion batteries are greatly improved compared to using the situation of non-nano-pore graphite alkene,
5-10 times can generally be improved.
Therefore, according to the fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of electrode of the present invention ultracapacitor or it is other can
Purposes in charged ions battery, especially lithium ion battery.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention there is provided a kind of ultracapacitor comprising electrode of the present invention or other fill
Electron ion battery, especially lithium ion battery.The ultracapacitor or other chargeable ion batteries of the present invention is due to containing
The electrode being made up of porous graphene of the present invention so that its energy density is greatly improved, generally than using routine under equal conditions
The situation of graphene, its energy density improves 5-10 times.
Ultracapacitor generally comprises two electrodes, electrolyte, five parts of collector and spacer.In ultracapacitor
In, porous electrode is made using grapheme material, while electrolyte solution is filled between two relative Graphene electrodes, when
When applying voltage at two ends, assemble positron-electron on relative porous electrode respectively, and the negative ions in electrolyte solution will
Gathered respectively due to electric field action on the interface relative with positive/negative plate, so as to form double current collection layers.
According to the present invention, any type of ultracapacitor, including plate super capacitor can be made in ultracapacitor
Device and around roll solvent capacitor, such as button ultracapacitor.
The preparation of ultracapacitor of the present invention or other chargeable ion batteries is conventional, itself and typical ultracapacitor
Or the preparations of other chargeable ion batteries is differed only in：The selection of electrode material.For example, typical ultracapacitor
Electrode generally uses graphite or ordinary graphite alkene as electrode material, and the present invention is used as electricity using the porous graphene of the present invention
Pole material prepares electrode.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, it is noted that these embodiments are only pair
The present invention's is exemplary illustrated, and is not considered as limitation of the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of porous graphene
The graphene oxide prepared using Hummer ' s methods is configured to 2mg/mL graphene oxide water solution, then with 30 weights
The H of amount2O2The aqueous solution is mixed in beaker, and wherein the addition of the two should cause graphene oxide and H2O2Weight ratio be 1:
15.Then, stirring magneton is added into beaker, with oil bath heating to 100 DEG C, and 4 hours are kept at such a temperature with to oxidation
Graphene is etched punching, and stirring magneton is taken out afterwards.Gained reactant mixture is poured out, is distributed into 11 in centrifuge tube,
000 rev/min of centrifugation, then except the upper strata aqueous solution, then repeated centrifugation once, equally removes supernatant liquor, with main
Remove remaining H2O2。
Then, will finally centrifuge obtained residue and be configured to again the 2mg/ml aqueous solution, by the aqueous solution with
0.1mol/L ascorbic acid sodium water solution is mixed in glass container, and the consumption of the two should cause every molar ascorbic acid sodium pair
Should be in 20g graphene oxides.Then, with oil bath heating to 100 DEG C, and kept for 1 hour at such a temperature, obtain graphene, its
In colloidal form.Colloid is then taken out, acetonitrile is added and replaces water therein, displacement 1 hour, removes the water cemented out every time,
Then acetonitrile is added, so displacement is carried out 3 times altogether, obtains graphene colloid.
The transmission electron microscope photo of gained graphene colloid is shown in Fig. 1.As seen from Figure 1, graphene contains substantial amounts of nanoaperture,
The average diameter of hole is about 3.63nm, and pore size is uniform.
The preparation of button ultracapacitor
Graphene colloid obtained above is pressed into flaky material in glove box, the piece that size is 2cm X 1cm is cut to
Material, makes two panels altogether, respectively constitutes the first plate electrode and the second plate electrode.First plate electrode is placed on aluminium flake, then placed
In on the egative film of button cell.It is positioned over barrier film in diaphragm electrolyte, is taken out on the first plate electrode, by the second plate electrode button
It is placed on barrier film, then covers winding the film for button electrode.By encapsulation, a button ultracapacitor is obtained.
Finally the computational methods of capacity of super capacitor are：
C=(electric current x discharge times)/(gross weight × voltage of two electrode materials)
Final button capacity of super capacitor is 70.9 F/g.
Comparative example 1
Embodiment 1 is repeated, but the technological parameter handled using hydrogen iodide graphene oxide is as follows：Temperature 60 C, oxygen
Graphite alkene and H2O2Weight ratio be 10:15, and soaking time 2 hours.The TEM photos of gained graphene are shown, are received without visible
Metre hole；And final button capacity of super capacitor is 11.3F/g.
Comparative example 2
Embodiment 1 is repeated, but the technological parameter handled using hydrogen iodide graphene oxide is as follows：120 DEG C of temperature, oxygen
Graphite alkene and H2O2Weight ratio be 10:15, and soaking time 10 hours.The TEM photos of gained graphene are shown, without visible
Nano-pore；And final button capacity of super capacitor is 22.1F/g.
Comparative example 3
Embodiment 1 is repeated, but the technological parameter handled using hydrogen iodide graphene oxide is as follows：180 DEG C of temperature, oxygen
Graphite alkene and H2O2Weight ratio be 10:15, and soaking time 10 hours.The TEM photos of gained graphene are shown, without visible
Nano-pore；And final button capacity of super capacitor is 21.4F/g.
Comparative example 4
Embodiment 1 is repeated, but the technological parameter handled using hydrogen iodide graphene oxide is as follows：Temperature 60 C, oxygen
Graphite alkene and H2O2Weight ratio be 1:15, and soaking time 4 hours.The TEM photos of gained graphene are shown, are received without visible
Metre hole；And final button capacity of super capacitor is 12.6F/g.
Comparative example 5
Embodiment 1 is repeated, but the technological parameter handled using hydrogen iodide graphene oxide is as follows：Temperature 60 C, oxygen
Graphite alkene and H2O2Weight ratio be 1:150, and soaking time 4 hours.The TEM photos of gained graphene are shown, are received without visible
Metre hole；And final button capacity of super capacitor is 11.0F/g.
Comparative example 6
Embodiment 1 is repeated, but the technological parameter handled using hydrogen iodide graphene oxide is as follows：120 DEG C of temperature, oxygen
Graphite alkene and H2O2Weight ratio be 1:150, and soaking time 10 hours.The TEM photos of gained graphene show that aperture is too
Greatly, so that carbon nano-structured fragmentation, it is impossible to be made device.
Comparative example 6
Embodiment 1 is repeated, but the technological parameter handled using hydrogen iodide graphene oxide is as follows：180 DEG C of temperature, oxygen
Graphite alkene and H2O2Weight ratio be 1:150, and soaking time 2 hours.The TEM photos of gained graphene show that aperture is too
Greatly, so that carbon nano-structured fragmentation, it is impossible to be made device.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for preparing porous graphene, comprises the following steps:
1) graphene oxide is made to be reacted 3-5 hours at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C under agitation with the etchant selected from hydrogen iodide,
Wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide is 1:5 to 1:50；
2) separation through step 1) processing graphene oxide；
3) by step 2) obtained graphene oxide reduces with reducing agent, obtains porous graphene.
2. a kind of method for preparing porous graphene according to claim 1, wherein step 1) in reaction temperature be 80-120
DEG C, preferably 95-105 DEG C；Reaction time is 3.5-4.5 hours, preferably 3.8-4.2 hours；And/or graphene oxide and iodate
The weight ratio of hydrogen is 1:10 to 1:30, preferably 1:10 to 1:20.
3. a kind of method for preparing porous graphene according to claim 1, wherein in step 1) in, make graphene oxide and iodine
Change hydrogen to react at a temperature of 95-105 DEG C 3.8-4.2 hours, and the weight ratio of graphene oxide and hydrogen iodide is 1:10 to
1:20。
4. a kind of method for preparing porous graphene as claimed in one of claims 1-3, wherein graphene oxide is with 0.1-
5g/L, the preferably 0.5-3 g/L aqueous solution is used；Hydrogen iodide is made with 5-50 weight %, the preferably 20-40 weight % aqueous solution
With.
5. a kind of method for preparing porous graphene as claimed in one of claims 1-4, wherein step 2) in separation lead to
Cross centrifugation to carry out, preferably centrifuge and carry out two or more times.
6. a kind of method for preparing porous graphene as claimed in one of claims 1-5, wherein step 3) in reduction make
Carried out with ascorbic acid and/or its sodium salt as reducing agent；It is preferred that 0.5-2 is carried out at a temperature of 80-120 DEG C is small for the reduction
When.
7. a kind of method for preparing porous graphene as claimed in one of claims 1-6, wherein porous graphene contained hole
The average diameter of gap is 1-10nm, preferably 2-5nm；The distribution of hole contained by porous graphene causes every nm2The hole count of graphene
For 0.005-0.5, preferably 0.05-0.2.
8. the porous graphene obtained by method as claimed in one of claims 1-7, wherein porous graphene contained hole
The average diameter of gap is 1-10nm, preferably 2-5nm；The distribution of porous graphene contained hole should cause every nm2The hole count of graphene
For 0.005-0.5, preferably 0.05-0.2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710724499.4A CN107311156A (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2017-08-22 | A kind of porous graphene and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710724499.4A CN107311156A (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2017-08-22 | A kind of porous graphene and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107311156A true CN107311156A (en) | 2017-11-03 |
Family
ID=60176343
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710724499.4A Pending CN107311156A (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2017-08-22 | A kind of porous graphene and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107311156A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109004209A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-14 | 盐城市新能源化学储能与动力电源研究中心 | cadmium graphene battery and graphene battery |
| CN114556629A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-05-27 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Negative electrode material, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
-
2017
- 2017-08-22 CN CN201710724499.4A patent/CN107311156A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109004209A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-14 | 盐城市新能源化学储能与动力电源研究中心 | cadmium graphene battery and graphene battery |
| CN109004209B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-09-11 | 盐城市新能源化学储能与动力电源研究中心 | Cadmium graphene battery and graphene battery |
| CN114556629A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-05-27 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Negative electrode material, electrochemical device, and electronic device |
| WO2022266798A1 (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-29 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Negative electrode material, electrochemical apparatus, and electronic apparatus |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Leonard et al. | Water-in-salt electrolyte for potassium-ion batteries | |
| Wu et al. | Synthesizing porous NaTi2 (PO4) 3 nanoparticles embedded in 3D graphene networks for high-rate and long cycle-life sodium electrodes | |
| JP6129871B2 (en) | Alkaline ion battery and alkaline earth metal ion battery comprising a hexacyanometallate positive electrode and a nonmetallic negative electrode | |
| Liang et al. | A deep reduction and partial oxidation strategy for fabrication of mesoporous Si anode for lithium ion batteries | |
| Wang et al. | Vanadium pentoxide nanosheets in-situ spaced with acetylene black as cathodes for high-performance zinc-ion batteries | |
| JP2023120272A (en) | Electrodes and electrolytes for aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices | |
| CN105742635A (en) | Stannic oxide/graphene/carbon composite material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106430156A (en) | Preparation of porous graphene and porous graphene prepared accordingly and application of porous graphene | |
| JPH097896A (en) | Electric double-layer capacitor | |
| TW201403926A (en) | Etched silicon structures, method of forming etched silicon structures and uses thereof | |
| CN105047419B (en) | Manganese dioxide/carbon combination electrode material and preparation method thereof and ultracapacitor | |
| CN104321909A (en) | Powder comprising carbon nanostructures and its method of production | |
| TW200935646A (en) | Silicon/SiOx/carbon composite for lithium ion batteries | |
| CN107331905A (en) | Battery | |
| CN109473663A (en) | A kind of anode material of lithium-ion battery and preparation method thereof of redox graphene load antimony | |
| CN103500667A (en) | CuO-MnO2 core-shell structured nanometer material and preparation method for same | |
| KR20200024599A (en) | Aluminum secondary battery using exfoliated transition metal chalcogenide and graphene composite as cathode active material and method for manufacturing of the same | |
| CN108423711A (en) | A kind of tetragonal phase NaV2O5·H2O nano-sheet powders and its preparation method and application | |
| Zeng et al. | Nano-Sn doped carbon-coated rutile TiO 2 spheres as a high capacity anode for Li-ion battery | |
| JPWO2018147080A1 (en) | Lithium ion capacitor | |
| CN110504440A (en) | A kind of preparation method and applications of positive electrode of sodium-sulfur cell material | |
| Chen et al. | Structure rearrangement and V (IV) doping for V2O5 as ultralong-life and ultrahigh-rate cathode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries | |
| CN113937261B (en) | Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode plate | |
| CN107311156A (en) | A kind of porous graphene and preparation method thereof | |
| Etman et al. | MXene-based Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors: Effects of anion carriers and MXene surface coatings on the capacities and life span |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20171103 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |