CN107305229B - Method and device for evaluating quality of passive link - Google Patents

Method and device for evaluating quality of passive link Download PDF

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CN107305229B
CN107305229B CN201610257045.6A CN201610257045A CN107305229B CN 107305229 B CN107305229 B CN 107305229B CN 201610257045 A CN201610257045 A CN 201610257045A CN 107305229 B CN107305229 B CN 107305229B
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passive link
time domain
digital system
speed digital
passive
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CN107305229A (en
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赵阳
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Maipu Communication Technology Co Ltd
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2688Measuring quality factor or dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, or power factor

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for evaluating the quality of a passive link, and relates to the technical field of electronics. The method is invented for solving the problem that the quality of the passive link cannot be intuitively and definitely evaluated in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring scattering parameters of a passive link and parameters of signals carried by the passive link in a high-speed digital system; respectively determining a time domain impulse response h (t) corresponding to the passive link, a time domain impulse response k (t) corresponding to crosstalk of the passive link and a time domain excitation response x (t) of a high-speed digital system; according to h (t) and x (t), determining a time domain response y (t) of the passive link in the high-speed digital system, and according to k (t) and x (t), determining a time domain response z (t) of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system; and analyzing y (t) and z (t) to obtain a passive link quality parameter and evaluating the quality of the passive link. The invention is applied to the design process of the high-speed digital system of the electronic circuit board.

Description

Method and device for evaluating quality of passive link
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a method and a device for evaluating the quality of a passive link.
Background
With the development of cloud computing technology, the updating speed of hardware devices related to cloud computing is increasing day by day, so that the requirements of related hardware device manufacturers on design cost and development period are increasingly strict in the process of researching and developing related products. Electronic circuit board design is one of the important links in the hardware equipment development process, and high-speed digital system design is usually a difficult point in electronic circuit board design. In order to ensure that the high-speed digital system design can meet the requirements of industrial specifications and save the design cost as much as possible on the basis, the evaluation and optimization are generally carried out by a signal integrity simulation method in the early stage of development, wherein the evaluation and optimization of the passive link quality of the high-speed digital system are indispensable links.
A passive link refers to a medium on an electronic circuit board for transmitting signals that does not contain a means for providing energy. For example: the transmission medium on the electronic circuit board for connecting the chip A and the chip B comprises transmission lines, through holes, connectors and the like, and the transmission medium only dissipates energy and does not provide energy.
At present, the method for evaluating the quality of the passive link is to observe the curves of parameters such as insertion loss, return loss and crosstalk of the passive link in a frequency domain to confirm the parameters, or to compare the curves with the requirements of industrial specifications or design expectations to confirm the parameters. However, the quality of the passive link cannot be intuitively and clearly evaluated in this way, and is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. not all signal buses have clear industry specification requirements for passive links in the frequency domain, and it is difficult to judge whether the current design needs optimization.
2. It is difficult to obtain results by directly observing the parameters of the frequency domain when comparing the quality of multiple passive links. For example, at some frequency points, the insertion loss of passive link a is greater than that of passive link B; at some frequency points, the insertion loss of passive link a is smaller than that of passive link B. It is difficult to determine whether the insertion loss of passive link a or passive link B is relatively optimal.
3. In the design of passive links of electronic circuit boards, it is difficult to correlate several parameters for evaluating the quality of the passive link to determine the effect of the passive link on the performance of a high-speed digital system. For example, in the low frequency band, the insertion loss of passive link a is larger than that of passive link B, but the crosstalk of passive link a is smaller than that of passive link B; in the high frequency band, the insertion loss of the passive link a is smaller than that of the passive link B, but the crosstalk of the passive link a is larger than that of the passive link B, and it is difficult to determine which passive link is designed to be more optimal in the high-speed digital system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for evaluating the quality of a passive link, which are used for solving the problem that the quality of the passive link cannot be evaluated intuitively and definitely in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating quality of a passive link, comprising: acquiring scattering parameters of a passive link to be evaluated and parameters of signals carried by the passive link in a high-speed digital system; determining a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link according to the scattering parameters; determining the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system according to the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system; determining a time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system, and determining a time domain response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system; analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system and the time domain response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain a passive link quality parameter, wherein the passive link quality parameter is used for representing the quality of the passive link; and evaluating the quality of the passive link according to the quality parameter of the passive link.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for evaluating quality of a passive link, comprising: the device comprises an acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring scattering parameters of a passive link to be evaluated and parameters of signals carried by the passive link in a high-speed digital system; the processing unit is used for determining a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link according to the scattering parameters; determining the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system according to the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system; determining a time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system, and determining a time domain response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system; analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system and the time domain response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain a passive link quality parameter, wherein the passive link quality parameter is used for representing the quality of the passive link; and the evaluation unit is used for evaluating the quality of the passive link according to the quality parameter of the passive link.
The method and the device for evaluating the quality of the passive link can be used for obtaining the characteristic of the passive link on the time domain according to the scattering parameter of the passive link and the parameter of a signal carried by the passive link in a high-speed digital system, analyzing the characteristic of the passive link on the time domain to determine the quality parameter of the passive link and evaluating the quality of the passive link according to the parameter, so that when the quality of each passive link is compared, the quality parameter of the passive link can be compared, compared with the quality evaluation of the passive link which cannot be intuitively and clearly obtained in the prior art, the method and the device for evaluating the quality of the passive link, which are provided by the invention, can be used for focusing on the quality of the passive link by converting the frequency domain into the time domain, can quantize the evaluation result, represent the quality of the passive link through the quality parameter of the passive link, and can be used for evaluating the quality of a plurality of passive links by comparing the quality parameters of the, thus, an intuitive and unambiguous evaluation of the quality of the passive link can be achieved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for evaluating quality of a passive link according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another method for evaluating the quality of a passive link according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for evaluating quality of a passive link according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for evaluating the quality of a passive link, which can be applied to the design process of high-speed digital systems of electronic circuit boards in various industries such as electronics, communication, medical treatment, aviation and the like.
At present, as described above, the existing method for evaluating the quality of the passive link is to observe the curves of parameters such as insertion loss, return loss and crosstalk of the passive link in the frequency domain for evaluation.
The insertion loss represents the energy dissipation capacity of the passive link, and generally, the smaller the insertion loss of the passive link is, the more beneficial the performance of a high-speed digital system is; the return loss represents the impedance discontinuity degree of the passive link, and the smaller the return loss of the passive link is, the more beneficial the performance of the high-speed digital system is; the crosstalk represents the strength of the passive link affected by other links, and the performance of a high-speed digital system is more beneficial when the crosstalk is smaller.
However, the method for evaluating the quality of the passive link in the frequency domain provided in the prior art cannot intuitively and clearly evaluate the quality of the passive link.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating quality of a passive link to solve the above problem, the method including:
101: and acquiring scattering parameters of the passive link to be evaluated and parameters of signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system.
The passive link may be a passive link supporting various buses, such as: and the passive link supports SFI, 10GBASE-KR, PCIe and other buses. The scattering parameters of the passive link include channel parameters of the passive link and crosstalk parameters of the passive link. Parameters of signals carried by passive links in high-speed digital systems include the signal rate and edge rate of signals carried by the passive links.
In an implementation manner of this step, acquiring parameters of a signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system specifically includes: receiving a signal bus type input by a user; and searching a preset database according to the type of the signal bus, and determining the parameters of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system. In the implementation mode, the preset database stores the corresponding relationship between the signal bus type and the signal parameter carried by the passive link, so that the corresponding signal parameter can be searched from the database only by providing the signal bus type.
In other implementation manners of this step, signal parameters such as signal rate and edge rate of signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system can also be directly provided.
102: determining a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link according to the scattering parameters; and determining the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system according to the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system.
In the specific implementation process of this step, according to the scattering parameters, more specifically, according to the channel parameters of the passive link, the inverse fourier transform is performed to solve, and the time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link can be obtained, which is denoted by h (t). Similarly, according to the scattering parameters, more specifically, according to the crosstalk parameters of the passive link, the inverse fourier transform solution is performed, so as to obtain the time domain impulse response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link, which is denoted as k (t). Similarly, according to the parameters of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system, the inverse fourier transform is performed to solve, and the time-domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system can be obtained and is denoted by x (t).
103: and determining the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to the time domain impulse response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link and the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system.
On the basis of solving h (t), k (t) and x (t) in the step 102, the convolution can be carried out on h (t) and x (t), and the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system is obtained through calculation and is recorded as y (t); and (c) convolving k (t) with x (t), and calculating to obtain the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system, wherein the time domain response is recorded as z (t).
104: analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system and the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain the quality parameter of the passive link.
The passive link quality parameter is a parameter defined by the invention and used for representing the quality of the passive link, and the parameter can comprehensively reflect the influence of the effects such as insertion loss, return loss, crosstalk and the like in a time domain.
After the frequency domain response of the passive link is converted into the time domain response through steps 101 to 103 to obtain y (t) and z (t), the time domain response y (t) and z (t) are analyzed to obtain the quality parameter of the passive link.
105: and evaluating the quality of the passive link according to the quality parameter of the passive link.
In a specific implementation of this step, the quality of the passive link may be evaluated by the size of the passive link quality parameter. If the quality of the passive links is to be evaluated, the quality parameters of the passive links corresponding to the quality of the passive links are compared, and the evaluation result of the quality of the passive links can be visually and definitely obtained according to the comparison result.
The method for evaluating the quality of the passive link provided by the embodiment of the invention obtains the characteristic of the passive link on the time domain according to the scattering parameter of the passive link and the parameter of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system, analyzes the characteristic of the passive link on the time domain to determine the quality parameter of the passive link, and evaluates the quality of the passive link according to the parameter, so that when the quality of each passive link is compared, the quality parameter of the passive link can be compared, compared with the quality evaluation of the passive link which cannot be intuitively and clearly determined in the prior art, the method for evaluating the quality of the passive link provided by the embodiment of the invention can change from the frequency domain to the time domain to pay attention to the quality of the passive link, can quantify the evaluation result, can represent the quality of the passive link through the quality parameter of the passive link, and can evaluate the quality of the passive links through comparing the quality parameters of the passive links corresponding to the passive links, thus, an intuitive and unambiguous evaluation of the quality of the passive link can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, another method for evaluating quality of a passive link according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
201: and acquiring scattering parameters of the passive link to be evaluated and parameters of signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system.
202: determining a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link according to the scattering parameters; and determining the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system according to the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system.
203: and determining the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to the time domain impulse response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link and the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system.
The specific implementation process of step 201 to step 203 may refer to the specific implementation process of step 101 to step 103, which is not described herein again.
The specific implementation of step 104 can be detailed as steps 204 and 205 described below.
204: analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system, and respectively determining the signal intensity and the intersymbol interference intensity; and analyzing the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain the crosstalk strength.
In the specific implementation process of this step, on the basis of the time domain response y (t) of the passive link in the high-speed digital system obtained in steps 201 to 203, by analyzing y (t), the signal strength contained in one pulse width can be obtained and is referred to as SIG, the value of the signal Strength (SIG) can reflect the magnitude of the insertion loss suffered by the passive link, and the larger the signal strength is, the smaller the insertion loss suffered by the passive link is, and the better the quality of the passive link is.
And inter-symbol interference contained in one pulse width can be obtained by analyzing y (t) and is recorded as ISI, and the value of the inter-symbol interference (ISI) can reflect the insertion loss and return loss of the passive link. The smaller the value of the intersymbol interference is, the smaller the insertion loss and return loss of the passive link are, and the better the quality of the passive link is.
On the basis of the time domain response z (t) of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link obtained in the steps 201 to 203 in the high-speed digital system, the crosstalk strength contained in one pulse width can be obtained by analyzing z (t), which is denoted as XTLK, and the smaller the value of the crosstalk strength (XTLK), the better the quality of the passive link is.
205: and determining the quality parameter of the passive link according to the signal intensity, the intersymbol interference intensity and the crosstalk intensity.
In the implementation of this step, the passive link quality parameter may be determined according to a formula Q SIG-ISI-XTLK. Therefore, the larger the value of Q, the better the quality of the passive link, the larger the SIG, the smaller the values of ISI and XTLK.
206: and evaluating the quality of the passive link according to the quality parameter of the passive link.
When the quality of the passive link is evaluated according to the passive link quality parameters determined by the formula, the larger the value of the passive link quality parameters is, the better the quality of the passive link is.
As shown in fig. 3, as a specific application and implementation of the foregoing method, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for evaluating quality of a passive link, including:
an obtaining unit 301, configured to obtain scattering parameters of a passive link to be evaluated and parameters of a signal carried by the passive link in a high-speed digital system.
A processing unit 302, configured to determine, according to the scattering parameter, a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link; determining the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system according to the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system;
determining a time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system, and determining a time domain response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system;
analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system and the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain a passive link quality parameter, wherein the passive link quality parameter is used for representing the quality of the passive link.
An evaluating unit 303, configured to evaluate the quality of the passive link according to the passive link quality parameter.
Further, the processing unit 302 is specifically configured to:
analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system, and respectively determining the signal intensity and the intersymbol interference intensity; analyzing the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain the crosstalk strength;
and determining the quality parameter of the passive link according to the signal intensity, the intersymbol interference intensity and the crosstalk intensity.
Further, the processing unit 302 is specifically configured to:
determining the passive link quality parameter according to a formula Q SIG-ISI-XTLK, wherein SIG represents signal strength, ISI represents intersymbol interference strength, and XTLK represents crosstalk strength.
Further, the obtaining unit 301 is specifically configured to:
receiving a signal bus type input by a user;
and searching a preset database according to the type of the signal bus, and determining the parameters of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system.
Further, the parameters of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system, which are acquired by the acquiring unit 301, include a signal rate and an edge rate of the signal carried by the passive link.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the foregoing division of the functional modules is merely used as an example, and in practical applications, the above function distribution may be performed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to perform all or part of the above described functions. For the specific working processes of the above-described apparatuses and units, reference may be made to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described here again.
The device for evaluating the quality of the passive link, provided by the embodiment of the invention, obtains the characteristic of the passive link in the time domain according to the scattering parameter of the passive link and the parameter of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system, analyzes the characteristic of the passive link in the time domain to determine the quality parameter of the passive link, and evaluates the quality of the passive link according to the parameter, so that when the quality of each passive link is compared, the quality parameter of the passive link can be compared, compared with the quality evaluation of the passive link which cannot be intuitively and clearly obtained in the prior art, the device for evaluating the quality of the passive link, provided by the embodiment of the invention, can change from the frequency domain to the time domain to pay attention to the quality of the passive link, quantize the evaluation result, represent the quality of the passive link through the quality parameter of the passive link, and can evaluate the quality by comparing the quality parameters of the passive links corresponding to the passive links when the quality, thus, an intuitive and unambiguous evaluation of the quality of the passive link can be achieved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method of assessing passive link quality, comprising:
acquiring scattering parameters of a passive link to be evaluated and parameters of signals carried by the passive link in a high-speed digital system;
determining a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link according to the scattering parameters; determining the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system according to the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system;
determining a time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system, and determining a time domain response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system;
analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system, and respectively determining the signal intensity and the intersymbol interference intensity; analyzing the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain the crosstalk strength;
determining a passive link quality parameter according to the signal strength, the intersymbol interference strength and the crosstalk strength, wherein the passive link quality parameter is used for representing the quality of the passive link;
and evaluating the quality of the passive link according to the quality parameter of the passive link.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the quality parameter of the passive link according to the signal strength, the inter-symbol interference strength, and the crosstalk strength specifically comprises:
determining the passive link quality parameter according to a formula Q SIG-ISI-XTLK, wherein SIG represents signal strength, ISI represents intersymbol interference strength, and XTLK represents crosstalk strength.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining parameters of signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system comprises:
receiving a signal bus type input by a user;
and searching a preset database according to the type of the signal bus, and determining the parameters of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high speed digital system include the signal rate and edge rate of the signals carried by the passive link.
5. An apparatus for assessing passive link quality, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring scattering parameters of a passive link to be evaluated and parameters of signals carried by the passive link in a high-speed digital system;
the processing unit is used for determining a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link according to the scattering parameters; determining the time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system according to the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system;
determining a time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system, and determining a time domain response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system according to a time domain impulse response of crosstalk corresponding to the passive link and a time domain excitation response of the high-speed digital system;
analyzing the time domain response of the passive link in the high-speed digital system, and respectively determining the signal intensity and the intersymbol interference intensity; analyzing the time domain response of the crosstalk corresponding to the passive link in the high-speed digital system to obtain the crosstalk strength;
determining a passive link quality parameter according to the signal strength, the intersymbol interference strength and the crosstalk strength, wherein the passive link quality parameter is used for representing the quality of the passive link;
and the evaluation unit is used for evaluating the quality of the passive link according to the quality parameter of the passive link.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:
determining the passive link quality parameter according to a formula Q SIG-ISI-XTLK, wherein SIG represents signal strength, ISI represents intersymbol interference strength, and XTLK represents crosstalk strength.
7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining unit is specifically configured to:
receiving a signal bus type input by a user;
and searching a preset database according to the type of the signal bus, and determining the parameters of the signal carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system.
8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the parameters of the signals carried by the passive link in the high-speed digital system acquired by the acquiring unit include a signal rate and an edge rate of the signals carried by the passive link.
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