CN107304838A - 用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法和这种机动车驱动传动系模块 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法和这种机动车驱动传动系模块 Download PDF

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CN107304838A
CN107304838A CN201710230428.9A CN201710230428A CN107304838A CN 107304838 A CN107304838 A CN 107304838A CN 201710230428 A CN201710230428 A CN 201710230428A CN 107304838 A CN107304838 A CN 107304838A
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motor vehicle
driving source
driving
power
speed changer
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CN107304838B (zh
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F·比勒
F·普拉策
T·伦普
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • F16H61/143—Control of torque converter lock-up clutches using electric control means
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    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/02—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F16H61/0025—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore
    • F16H61/0031—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore using auxiliary pumps, e.g. pump driven by a different power source than the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H61/684—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法，该驱动传动系至少包括用于在变速器的驱动轴和输出轴之间提供各不同传动比的变速器(2)、构造为电机的驱动源、位于驱动源和输出轴之间的力流中的能被液压地操作或跨接的起动元件(3)，以及独立于驱动源可借助单独的电动的泵驱动装置驱动的、用于变速器的液压的压力供应的泵(24)，在机动车的停止状态中并且在存在用于提供机动车驱动扭矩的要求时，提高供应给泵驱动装置的功率并且快速填充压力室，该压力室的压力加载引起起动元件的完全闭合或跨接，并且随后借助闭合或跨接的起动元件进行通过驱动源驱动的机动车起动过程，供应给泵驱动装置的功率在完成压力室的快速填充后减小。

Description

用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法和这种机动车驱动传动系 模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法以及这种机动车的驱动传动系模块。
背景技术
具有内燃机作为唯一驱动源的传统机动车驱动传动系通常在驱动源和驱动轮之间的力流中具有起动元件，以便可以实现机动车的起动过程。这种起动元件例如是液力变矩器或摩擦离合器。具有电动机作为唯一驱动源的机动车驱动传动系通常不需要起动元件，因为电动机可将车辆从停止加速。
并联式混合动力车辆的驱动传动系通常在起动过程仅应借助内燃机进行时也需要起动元件。为了电动起动具有并联式混合动力驱动传动系的机动车，在现有技术中公开了各种不同方案。本申请人的公开文献DE102006018058A1公开了用于具有并联式混合动力驱动传动系的机动车的各种起动过程。在图4中示出在借助打滑的变矩器锁止离合器的纯电驱动起动过程中的时间曲线，并且在图5中示出借助闭合的变矩器锁止离合器的起动过程的时间曲线。在此在根据图5的起动表现中并未公开用于提供用于闭合变矩器锁止离合器的压力的方法。
公开文献DE10162973A1公开了一种这样的混合动力驱动传动系并且说明了机械油泵和电动油泵。机械油泵可由驱动传动系的电动发电机驱动。电动油泵由自身的电动机驱动。电动油泵根据驱动传动系的各种不同运行状态来控制，以便向变速器的液压控制装置供应油压。
发明内容
借助闭合的或被跨接的起动元件的起动过程是特别节能的，因为通过驱动源施加的能量没有通过驱动源和驱动轮之间的打滑运行而损耗。现在本发明的任务在于提出一种用于运行驱动传动系的方法，借助该方法可在低能耗的同时确保驱动传动系的快速的运行准备就绪。
该任务通过根据权利要求1所述的方法来解决。有利方案由从属权利要求、说明书以及附图给出。另外，为了解决所述任务在权利要求6中还提出一种驱动传动系模块，其包括用于控制/实施在权利要求1中给出的方法的控制单元。
所述方法适合用于运行机动车驱动传动系，该驱动传动系至少包括构造为电机的驱动源、用于在变速器的驱动轴和输出轴之间提供各不同传动比的变速器、位于驱动源和输出轴之间的力流中的起动元件，以及独立于驱动源可借助单独的电动的泵驱动装置电驱动的泵，该泵用于变速器的液压的压力供应。电机可用作驱动传动系中唯一的驱动源或在混合动力驱动传动系中与内燃机共同作用。起动元件可设置在变速器之外或之内。泵可在结构上集成到变速器中。
根据本发明，在机动车的停止状态中并且在存在用于提供机动车驱动扭矩的要求时提高供应给泵驱动装置的功率。由此可在短时间内提供足够的油压用来快速填充这样的压力室，该压力室的压力加载引起起动元件的完全闭合或跨接。当在驱动轴和输出轴之间通过液压操作力锁合切换元件形成挡位时，这些切换元件也可被快速填充。随后借助闭合的或被跨接的起动元件实现通过驱动源驱动的机动车起动过程。供应给泵驱动装置的功率在完成快速填充后减小，由此减少泵的能量消耗。这改善了驱动传动系的能源效率。
优选供应给泵驱动装置的功率在完成快速填充后减小到与规定驱动扭矩相关的值。规定驱动扭矩例如可相应于加速踏板位置。由此，通过在小的规定驱动扭矩下输出泵的相应小的规定压力，可将泵的能量消耗降低到最小值。供应给泵驱动装置的功率在此优选如此之高，以至于在当前驱动扭矩时恰好防止变速器起动元件或切换元件的打滑运行。
根据一种优选方案，供应给泵驱动装置的功率的降低连续或阶梯式地进行。换言之，有意避免供应给泵驱动装置的功率骤然减小，以便在任何情况下避免变速器的起动元件或切换元件突然出现打滑。由此确保高的运行可靠性以及高的舒适性。
优选供应给泵驱动装置的功率在实现快速填充之后在达到或超过电机的预定转速值后才降低。这在泵也可由驱动源驱动时，或在提供由驱动源驱动的、用于变速器液压的压力供应的第二泵时，尤为重要。当起动元件或其跨接装置以及变速器切换元件的压力供应通过驱动源的运行进行时，所述单独的泵驱动装置可被切断。
用于减少供应给泵驱动装置的功率的预定转速值可与温度、如与环境温度或与变速器油的温度相关。由于在变速器油较冷时油更加粘稠，因此间隙损耗比热的变速器油要小。因此在变速器油较冷时已经可在低转速下建立高的压力。
除了本发明方法外，还提供一种机动车驱动传动系模块，其至少包括构造为电机的驱动源、与机动车内燃机的接口、控制单元、用于在变速器的驱动轴和输出轴之间提供各不同传动比的变速器、位于驱动源和输出轴之间的力流中的能被液压地操作或跨接的起动元件以及独立于驱动源可借助单独的电动的泵驱动装置驱动的、用于变速器的液压的压力供应的泵。所述控制单元在此构造用于控制上述方法。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细说明本发明的实施例。相同和相似的构件在此设有同一附图标记。附图如下：
图1为包括液力变矩器作为起动元件的并联式混合动力驱动传动系；
图2为包括集成在变速器中的起动元件的并联式混合动力驱动传动系；
图3和图4为驱动传动系的各种不同参数的时间曲线。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出构造为并联式混合动力驱动传动系的机动车驱动传动系。驱动传动系包括内燃机9和构造为电机的驱动源1，分离离合器10连接在内燃机9和电机1之间。图1的驱动传动系还包括具有驱动轴21和输出轴22的变速器2以及起动元件3，该起动元件3连接在电机1和驱动轴21之间。起动元件3是液力变矩器，其可被并联的锁止离合器3B跨接。输出轴22与机动车的驱动轮驱动连接。
当装配有图1的驱动传动系的机动车仅应借助电机1起动时，则这可借助打滑的变矩器或借助通过闭合的锁止离合器3B跨接的变矩器进行。在借助打滑的变矩器的起动过程中，电机1可具有任意转速，而输出轴22则例如通过操作机动车的行车制动器静止。在借助闭合的锁止离合器3B的起动过程中电机1和输出轴22的转速通过在变速器2中所选择的传动比耦合。
为了变速器2的油压供应设置泵26，该泵通过驱动轴21借助链条驱动装置驱动。但当驱动轴21静止时，泵26不能提供油压。为此设置泵24，该泵可借助单独的电动的泵驱动装置25驱动。这仅可看作示例。作为替代实施方式，泵26也可设有自身的电动驱动装置，泵26可借助电动驱动装置独立于驱动轴21被驱动。为了避免所述自身的电动驱动装置对驱动轴21进行驱动，可在驱动轴21和泵26之间的作用连接中设置单向离合器或切换元件。
图2示意性示出构造为并联式混合动力驱动传动系的机动车驱动传动系，起动元件3现在集成到变速器2中。起动元件3例如可以是用于形成变速器2传动比的切换元件之一。电机1与驱动轴21固定连接。输出轴22与机动车的驱动轮驱动连接。变速器2的油压供应相应于根据图1的方案，因此参见关于图1的说明。
当装配有图2的驱动传动系的机动车仅应借助电机1起动时，则这可借助打滑的起动元件3或借助闭合的起动元件3进行。在借助打滑的起动元件3的起动过程中，电机1可具有任意转速，而输出轴22则例如通过操作机动车的行车制动器静止。在借助闭合的起动元件3的起动过程中电机1和输出轴22的转速通过在变速器2中所选择的传动比耦合。
因此，当借助根据图1或图2的驱动传动系纯电动行驶时，内燃机9通常关闭并且连接在内燃机9和电机1之间的分离离合器10完全打开。相反，在混合运行中——在其中内燃机9和电机1均运转并提供驱动扭矩，连接在内燃机9和电机1之间的分离离合器10闭合。
内燃机9的运行由发动机控制器控制或调节并且变速器2的运行由变速器控制器控制或调节。为了控制和/或调节电机1的运行通常设置混合动力控制器。起动元件3或锁止离合器3B由起动元件控制器控制或调节。
通常起动元件控制器和变速器控制器实现于一个共同的控制装置、即变速器控制装置中。混合动力控制器也可以是变速器控制装置的组成部分。发动机控制器通常是单独的控制装置、即发动机控制装置的组成部分。发动机控制装置和变速器控制装置相互间交换数据。
图3示出驱动传动系不同参数的时间曲线，其中包括起动过程的选择A、电机1的转速1n、用于闭合或跨接起动元件3的压力3p、电机1的扭矩1t以及供应给泵驱动装置25的功率25p。起动过程的选择A可以取两个不同的值，值1用于借助闭合的或被跨接的起动元件3的起动过程，并且值0用于借助打滑的起动元件3的起动过程。供应给泵驱动装置25的功率例如可以是电源电压恒定时的电流。
所显示的示例性曲线示出借助闭合的或被跨接的起动元件3的起动过程。在起动过程开始之前选择借助闭合的或被跨接的起动元件3的起动过程，由此参数A具有值1。接着，向泵驱动装置25供应电功率，使得电功率上升。泵24现在提供油压，由此起动元件3或其锁止离合器3B可闭合。压力3p首先上升到第一水平，以便填充油室以闭合或跨接起动元件3。在完成填充后，功率25p持续减小到剩余水平。这例如可在填充开始后经过预定义的时间之后实现。在完成快速填充后，压力3p减小到规定值3po。规定值3po如此之高，以至于在起动过程开始时起动元件3或其跨接装置能够可靠传递驱动扭矩。在晚些时刻，扭矩1t和转速1n上升。在此在变速器2中挂入一个挡位，由此机动车起动。
图4也示出在借助闭合的或被跨接的起动元件3的起动过程中图3所示参数的时间曲线。与图3所示曲线的区别在于，功率25p在完成起动元件3或其锁止离合器3B的快速填充后在达到电机1的转速值1nt后才减小。该减小在此阶梯式进行。转速值1nt可与温度相关，在此该值1nt随温度的下降而减小。变速器2的油温可用作参考温度，油温借助适合的传感器来检测。
附图标记列表
1 驱动源
1t 驱动源扭矩
1n 驱动源转速
1nt 转速值
2 变速器
21 驱动轴
22 输出轴
24 泵
25 泵驱动装置
25p 泵驱动装置的功率
26 泵
3 起动元件
3p 压力
3po 规定值
3B 锁止离合器
9 内燃机
10 分离离合器
A 选择

Claims (6)

1.一种用于运行机动车驱动传动系的方法，该驱动传动系至少包括：变速器(2)，用于在变速器(2)的驱动轴(21)和输出轴(22)之间提供各不同传动比；构造为电机的驱动源(1)；位于驱动源(1)和输出轴(22)之间的力流中的能被液压地操作或跨接的起动元件(3)；以及能独立于驱动源(1)借助单独的电动的泵驱动装置(25)被驱动的泵(24)，用于变速器(2)的液压的压力供应，其特征在于，
在机动车的停止状态中并且在存在用于提供机动车驱动扭矩的要求时，
提高供应给泵驱动装置(25)的功率并且快速填充压力室，该压力室的压力加载引起起动元件(3)的完全闭合或跨接，
并且随后借助闭合或跨接的起动元件(3)进行通过驱动源(1)驱动的机动车起动过程，
在完成所述压力室的快速填充后减小供应给泵驱动装置(25)的功率(25p)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将供应给泵驱动装置(25)的功率(25p)在完成所述压力室的快速填充后减小到与规定驱动扭矩相关的值。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，供应给泵驱动装置(25)的功率(25p)的减小连续或阶梯式地实现。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，供应给泵驱动装置(25)的功率(25p)在达到或超过驱动源(1)的预定转速值(1nt)后减小。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驱动源(1)的预定转速值(1nt)与温度相关。
6.一种机动车驱动传动系模块，至少包括：构造为电机的驱动源(1)；与机动车内燃机(9)的接口；控制单元；变速器(2)，用于在变速器(2)的驱动轴(21)和输出轴(22)之间提供各不同传动比；位于驱动源(1)和输出轴(22)之间的力流中的能被液压地操作或跨接的起动元件(3)；以及能独立于驱动源(1)借助单独的电动的泵驱动装置(25)被驱动的泵(24)，用于变速器(2)的液压的压力供应，其特征在于，所述控制单元构造用于控制根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法。
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