CN107301481A - A kind of ecological farm field needs water forecast system, Calculating model and needs water forecasting procedure - Google Patents
A kind of ecological farm field needs water forecast system, Calculating model and needs water forecasting procedure Download PDFInfo
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 17
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001284241 Metapenaeus bennettae Species 0.000 description 3
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Water forecast system, Calculating model are needed the invention discloses a kind of ecological farm field and need water forecasting procedure, it is described to need water forecast system to include basic database, need water to calculate module and need water forecast module；The basic database is respectively with needing water to calculate module and needing water forecast module to be connected；It is described to need water measuring and calculating module to need water measuring and calculating module and comprehensive water requirement to calculate module including crop water measuring and calculating module, animal；It is described to need water forecast module to include calling module, stage control Index module, weather forecast module, real-time estimate module；The present invention needs water, effectively reduces the water requirement in farmland, greatly improve the utilization ratio of moisture by needing water Calculating model to need water and crop water uniformly to form ecological farm field synthesis animal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to irrigation and water conservancy technical field, and in particular to a kind of ecological farm field needs water forecast system, Calculating model
And need water forecasting procedure.
Background technology
The Water Consumption in Agriculture of China consumes 80% gross amount of water resources, and agricultural product 70% come from irrigated farmland.Farmland is needed
Water is to estimate the reference frame of agricultural irrigation water amount, is water and soil resources EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATION FOR PROCESS, engineering irrigation planning and designing and operation
Indispensable master data in management, farmland water requirement is determined exactly turns into the pass for improving regional water resources utilization ratio
Key link.With advances in technology, Growing Patterns of Farmlands on Slopes adjustment is using the pattern of farmland aquatic, and farmland, which is cultivated, to be referred to utilize
Rice field shallow-water environment is aided with artificial measure, has not only planted rice but also has cultivated the aquatic products such as fish, shrimp, crab, to improve the one of rice field productivity effect
Plant production form.Farmland cultivation makes plant, the mutualism of both animals, forms the new ecosystem, gives full play to the life in farmland
Force of labor, has reached the purpose increased economic efficiency.Farmland water requirement research is constantly subjected to highest attention both domestic and external, but focus is more
One or more crops are concentrated in terms of the water requirement measure of different planting patterns and measuring and calculating, in shorter mention to farmland not
Farmland water requirement measuring and calculating in the case of water requirement measuring and calculating during the biological structure of same type, this kind is increasingly complex, therefore Traditional Agricultural
Field water requirement measuring method and precision are difficult to the need for meeting the ecological farm field under structural adjustment, reduce water-saving irrigation project
Specific aim and actual effect.
And major part is still calculated by manually substituting into data into Calculating model in the prior art, and operation is compared
Trouble, Calculating model and the present computer technology are combined be applied to crop field need it is also fewer in water budget.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is that providing a kind of ecological farm field needs water forecast system,
The system cultivates in farmland more precisely and refinement, effectively reduces artificial and uncertain cost.
The ecological farm field needs water forecast system to include basic database, need water to calculate module and need water forecast module；Institute
Basic database is stated respectively with needing water to calculate module and needing water forecast module to be connected；
Wherein, region topography and geomorphology of the basic database including classified storage, soil characteristic, hydrometeorology, plantation
Configuration data；
It is described to need water measuring and calculating module to need water measuring and calculating module and comprehensive water requirement to calculate including crop water measuring and calculating module, animal
Module；The crop water measuring and calculating module is used for the Calculating model for storing the water demand of crop, and animal, which needs water to calculate module, to be used to deposit
The Calculating model of animal water requirement is stored up, comprehensive water requirement measuring and calculating module is used to store crop, the measuring and calculating of the synthesis water requirement of animal
Model；
It is described to need water forecast module to include calling module, stage control Index module, weather forecast module, real-time estimate mould
Block；Data and and need water to calculate the Calculating model in module that the calling module is used to call in basic database；It is described
Stage control Index module is used to store Different Crop, the stage control index of animal different phase；The weather forecast module
For inputting precipitation；The real-time estimate module is used for by inputting field-crop, the parameter of animal calculates prediction rank
The farmland depth of water desired value at section end, and compared with stage control index, it is determined whether water is needed, and is determined by Calculating model
Water requirement.
Specifically, soil characteristic data includes soil types, unit weight, water retention characteristic, organic matter, soil acidity or alkalinity；The hydrology
Meteorological data includes River, water level feature, water quality, humiture, rainfall, wind speed, radiation, sunshine；Pattern of farming data bag
Include crop species, growing stage, floor space, planting patterns.These data belong to the basic document stored in database,
When carrying out water demand forecast, above-mentioned situation belongs to conventional index needs and listed.
The stage control index includes the index upper limit, index average value, wherein index lower limit, hMake the upper limit、hIt is averaged、hMake lower limitBy
Crop species, growing stage determination, hThe dynamic upper limit、hIt is dynamic average、hDynamic lower limitDetermined by type of animal, growth phase, for different animals water quality
Index, while the early warning range of settable index, above-mentioned numerical value is determined according to regional measured value, different plants, animal
Above-mentioned value can be inquired about by available data for those skilled in the art.
The real-time estimate system is monitored in real time by the various parameters to field-crop, animal, with stage control index
Compare, it is determined whether need water, and water requirement is determined by Calculating model.
The second object of the present invention is that providing ecological farm field needs water Calculating model, and animal is needed water and crop to need by the model
Water, which uniformly forms ecological farm field synthesis, needs water, effectively reduces the water requirement in farmland, greatly improves the utilization ratio of moisture.
Specifically, it is described to need water Calculating model to include three parts：Water demand of crop Calculating model, animal water requirement measuring and calculating mould
Type, comprehensive water requirement Calculating model.The Calculating model Q of the water demand of cropMake=(hLimit- h) × Z, wherein QMakeFor the water demand of crop, hLimit
For Crop Stage limit value, Z is crop area in farmland；
Wherein paddy field：H=h1+P-S-αE0, wherein h1It is beginning period, last paddy field retaining depth with h；P is rainfall；S is field
Between leakage；αE0For paddy field evaporation capacity, E0For water surface evaporation, α is each breeding time Water demand factors of crop；
Dry land：H=h1+ P-E, wherein h1It is soil beginning, last water content with h；P is rainfall；E is Land Surface Evaporative Capacity.
The Calculating model Q of the animal water requirementIt is dynamic=β VThe ditch pool-P+S+E0, wherein QIt is dynamicFor animal water requirement, β VThe ditch poolFor it is each when
The quantity of exchanged water that animal needs in section, VThe ditch poolFor cultivation ditch pool volume, β is that animal different times need to change the coefficient of water；S is field
Leakage；E0For water surface evaporation, according to cultivation water the need for, change the coefficient of water between 0.3~1.
The Calculating model Q of comprehensive water requirementIt is comprehensiveSpecific measuring method is as shown in table 1：
Table 1 integrates the Calculating model Q of water requirementIt is comprehensiveSpecific measuring method
Wherein, QIt is comprehensiveWater requirement, h are integrated for farmlandMakeIt is deep for Crop Stage retaining；hIt is dynamicIt is deep for the retaining of animal stage.
Another object of the present invention is that providing a kind of ecological farm field needs water forecasting procedure, and this method takes into full account respectively
Influence factor, based on the farmland planting mode of crop-animal symbiosis, to traditional farmland water requirement measuring method supplemented
It is kind.By needing the forecast of water to ecological farm field, regional water resources are optimized with scheduling, actual production can be better met
Need.
Specifically, methods described comprises the following steps：
(1) the need for according to ecological farm field, region topography and geomorphology, soil characteristic, hydrometeorology, pattern of farming data are recorded
Enter in basic database；
(2) by crop, animal, comprehensive water requirement Calculating model typing be stored in crop water measuring and calculating module respectively, it is dynamic
Thing needs water to calculate in module and comprehensive water requirement measuring and calculating module；
(3) actual measurement water consumpation data of water quality and stage control index are compared judgement, whether determine ecological farm field
Water is needed, and water requirement is determined by Calculating model；
(4) ecological farm field water water quality situation is monitored in real time, and actual measurement Farmland Water water quality situation is entered with stage control index
Row compares, and determines whether ecological farm field needs water, and water is clearly needed by needing water Calculating model to calculate with reference to weather forecast rain fall
Amount, so as to be irrigated and draining, meeting animal and crop different times needs water requirement；
(5) complete ecological farm field crop, animal whole breeding time need water calculate and forecast after, data are stored again
Analysis, needs water measuring and calculating to provide empirical data for similar regional ecological farm field.
The inventive method has the following advantages that：
1. the present invention is integrated by needing water Calculating model to need water and crop water uniformly to form ecological farm field aquatic livestock
Water is needed, the water requirement in farmland is effectively reduced, greatly improves the utilization ratio of moisture.
2. need farmland cultivation that water forecast system is more precisely and refinement using ecological farm field, effectively do not reduce manually and not
The cost of determination.
3. taking into full account each influence factor, based on the farmland planting mode of crop-animal symbiosis, water is needed to traditional farmland
It is perfect that method for measuring and calculating carries out supplement.By needing the forecast of water to ecological farm field, regional water resources are optimized with scheduling, can
The need for better meeting actual production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention needs water forecast system computational methods schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the present invention's in accompanying drawing
Specific embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the present invention without that should be limited by embodiments set forth here
System.Conversely it is able to be best understood from the present invention there is provided these embodiments, and can be complete by the scope of the present invention
Convey to those skilled in the art.
"comprising" or " comprising " as mentioned in working as in specification in the whole text and claim are an open language, therefore should
It is construed to " include but be not limited to ".Specification subsequent descriptions is implement the better embodiment of the present invention, and so description is
For the purpose of the rule of specification, the scope of the present invention is not limited to.Protection scope of the present invention is when regarding appended power
Profit requires that the person of defining is defined.
Embodiment 1
A kind of ecological farm field needs water forecast system to include basic database, need water to calculate module and need water forecast module；Institute
Basic database is stated respectively with needing water to calculate module and needing water forecast module to be connected；
Wherein, region topography and geomorphology of the basic database including classified storage, soil characteristic, hydrometeorology, plantation
Configuration data；
It is described to need water measuring and calculating module to need water measuring and calculating module and comprehensive water requirement to calculate including crop water measuring and calculating module, animal
Module；The crop water measuring and calculating module is used for the Calculating model for storing the water demand of crop, and animal, which needs water to calculate module, to be used to deposit
The Calculating model of animal water requirement is stored up, comprehensive water requirement measuring and calculating module is used to store crop, the measuring and calculating of the synthesis water requirement of animal
Model；
It is described to need water forecast module to include calling module, stage control Index module, weather forecast module, real-time estimate mould
Block；Data and and need water to calculate the Calculating model in module that the calling module is used to call in basic database；It is described
Stage control Index module is used to store Different Crop, the stage control index of animal different phase；The weather forecast module
For inputting precipitation；The real-time estimate module is used for by inputting field-crop, the parameter of animal calculates prediction rank
The farmland depth of water desired value at section end, and compared with stage control index, it is determined whether water is needed, and is determined by Calculating model
Water requirement.
Specifically, soil characteristic data includes soil types, unit weight, water retention characteristic, organic matter, soil acidity or alkalinity；The hydrology
Meteorological data includes River, water level feature, water quality, humiture, rainfall, wind speed, radiation, sunshine；Pattern of farming data bag
Include crop species, growing stage, floor space, planting patterns.
The stage control index includes the index upper limit, index average value, wherein index lower limit, hMake the upper limit、hIt is averaged、hMake lower limitBy
Crop species, growing stage determination, hThe dynamic upper limit、hIt is dynamic average、hDynamic lower limitDetermined by type of animal, growth phase, for different animals water quality
Index, while the early warning range of settable index.
The real-time estimate system is monitored in real time by the various parameters to field-crop, animal, with stage control index
Compare, it is determined whether need water, and water requirement is determined by Calculating model.
Specifically, the Calculating model Q of the water demand of cropMake=(hLimit- h) × Z, wherein QMakeFor the water demand of crop, hLimitFor crop
Stage limit value, Z is crop area in farmland；
Wherein paddy field：H=h1+P-S-αE0, wherein h1It is beginning period, last paddy field retaining depth with h；P is rainfall；S is field
Between leakage；αE0For paddy field evaporation capacity, E0For water surface evaporation, α is each breeding time Water demand factors of crop；
Dry land：H=h1+ P-E, wherein h1It is soil beginning, last water content with h；P is rainfall；E is Land Surface Evaporative Capacity.
The Calculating model Q of the animal water requirementIt is dynamic=β VThe ditch pool-P+S+E0, wherein QIt is dynamicFor animal water requirement, β VThe ditch poolFor it is each when
The quantity of exchanged water that animal needs in section, VThe ditch poolFor cultivation ditch pool volume, β is that animal different times need to change the coefficient of water；S is field
Leakage；E0For water surface evaporation, according to cultivation water the need for, change the coefficient of water between 0.3~1.
The Calculating model Q of comprehensive water requirementIt is comprehensiveSpecific measuring method is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ecological farm field needs water forecasting procedure, and methods described comprises the following steps：
(1) the need for according to ecological farm field, region topography and geomorphology, soil characteristic, hydrometeorology, pattern of farming data are recorded
Enter in basic database；
(2) by crop, animal, comprehensive water requirement Calculating model typing be stored in crop water measuring and calculating module respectively, it is dynamic
Thing needs water to calculate in module and comprehensive water requirement measuring and calculating module；
(3) weather forecast situation and field-crop, the various parameters of animal for input, with stage control index phase
Compare, it is determined whether need water, and water requirement is determined by Calculating model；
(4) ecological farm field water quality situation is monitored in real time, and actual measurement Farmland Water water quality situation is carried out with stage control index
Compare, determine whether ecological farm field needs water, with reference to weather forecast rain fall by needing water Calculating model to calculate clear and definite water requirement,
So as to be irrigated and draining, meeting animal and crop different times needs water requirement；
(5) complete ecological farm field crop, animal whole breeding time need water calculate and forecast after, data are stored again
Analysis, needs water measuring and calculating to provide empirical data for similar regional ecological farm field.
Embodiment 3 predicts every mu of ground water demand of crop of one week period
Such as in Jiangsu Luoma Lake areas to the south, rice varieties are early rice, and growing stage is tiller, in early June, wherein hOn workTake
50mm, hIn workTake 35mm, hUnder work10mm is taken, rice plant of tillering stage, Water demand factors α took 1.08, E0Empirical value 6mm/d is taken, is dropped in one week period of prediction
Rainfall P is 5mm, and field leakage S takes 2mm/d, actual measurement Soil surface water depth h1For 17mm, according to model h=h1+P-S-αE0=17+5-2 × 7-
1.08 × 6=0.52mm<hUnder work, every mu of ground needs duty
Embodiment 4 predicts every mu of ground animal water requirement of one week period
In Jiangsu Luoma Lake areas to the south, rice varieties are early rice, cultivate river prawn, the time is early June, and wherein rice field is supported
Ditch overall length 150m, depth 0.80m, width 0.80m are grown, paddy field aquaculture pool length × wide × depth is 1.0 × 1.0 × 0.80m, wherein dynamic
Thing depth of water limit value is on the basis of the Bottom Altitude of rice field, hOn dynamicTake 250mm, hIn dynamicTake 50mm, hUnder dynamic10mm is taken, river is required according to cultivation
It is 1.0 that shrimp, which needs to change an i.e. β of water weekly,.Predict that rainfall P is 5mm in one week period, field leakage S takes 2mm/d, E0Learn from else's experience
Test value 6mm/d.Survey Soil surface water depth h1For 17mm>hUnder dynamicCultivate in claimed range, maintain the current depth of water, every mu of ground water requirement
Embodiment 5 predicts the comprehensive water requirement in every mu of ground of one week period
In Jiangsu Luoma Lake areas to the south, rice varieties are early rice, cultivate river prawn, and early June is in crop, animal symbiosis
Stage, rice varieties are early rice, and growing stage is tiller, in early June, wherein hOn workTake 50mm, hIn workTake 35mm, hUnder workTake
10mm, rice plant of tillering stage, Water demand factors α took 1.08.Support in paddy field aquaculture ditch overall length 150m, depth 0.80m, width 0.80m, rice field
Pool length × wide × depth is grown for 1.0 × 1.0 × 0.80m, and wherein animal depth of water limit value is on the basis of the Bottom Altitude of rice field, hOn dynamicTake
250mm, hIn dynamicTake 50mm, hUnder dynamic10mm is taken, it is 1.0 to require that river prawn needs to change an i.e. β of water weekly according to cultivation.Predict one week period
Interior rainfall P is 5mm, and field leakage S takes 2mm/d, E0Empirical value 6mm/d is taken, also rule of thumb temperature, wind can be brought into by formula
The parameters such as speed are calculated.Calculated according to embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, actual measurement Soil surface water depth h1For 17mm>hUnder dynamicCultivate in claimed range,
While hUnder work＜ h1＜ hOn work, QIt is dynamic(550m3) ＞ QOn work(330m3), therefore take QIt is comprehensive=QIt is dynamic=550m3。
Although above with general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this
On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore,
These modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ecological farm field needs water forecast system, it is characterised in that it includes basic database, needs water to calculate module and need water
Forecast module；The basic database is respectively with needing water to calculate module and needing water forecast module to be connected；
Wherein, region topography and geomorphology of the basic database including classified storage, soil characteristic, hydrometeorology, pattern of farming
Data；
It is described to need water measuring and calculating module to need water measuring and calculating module and comprehensive water requirement to calculate mould including crop water measuring and calculating module, animal
Block；The crop water measuring and calculating module is used for the Calculating model for storing the water demand of crop, and animal, which needs water to calculate module, to be used to store
The Calculating model of animal water requirement, comprehensive water requirement measuring and calculating module is used to store crop, the measuring and calculating mould of the synthesis water requirement of animal
Type；
It is described to need water forecast module to include calling module, stage control Index module, weather forecast module, real-time estimate module；
Data and and need water to calculate the Calculating model in module that the calling module is used to call in basic database；The stage
Con trolling index module is used to store Different Crop, the stage control index of animal different phase；The weather forecast module is used for
Input precipitation；The real-time estimate module is used for by inputting field-crop, the parameter of animal calculates forecast period end
Farmland depth of water desired value, and compared with stage control index, it is determined whether need water, and determine by Calculating model to need water
Amount.
2. ecological farm field according to claim 1 needs water forecast system, it is characterised in that soil characteristic data includes soil
Type, unit weight, water retention characteristic, organic matter and soil acidity or alkalinity；Hydrometeorological data include River, water level feature, water quality,
Humiture, rainfall, wind speed, radiation and sunshine；Pattern of farming data includes crop species, growing stage, floor space and plantation
Mode.
3. ecological farm field according to claim 1 needs water forecast system, it is characterised in that the measuring and calculating of the water demand of crop
Model QMake=(hLimit- h) × Z, wherein QMakeFor the water demand of crop, hLimitWater limit value is needed for Crop Stage, Z is crop area in farmland；
Wherein paddy field：H=h1+P-S-αE0, wherein h1It is beginning period, last paddy field retaining depth with h；P is rainfall；S oozes for field
Leakage quantity；αE0For paddy field evaporation capacity, E0For water surface evaporation, α is each breeding time Water demand factors of crop；
Dry land：H=h1+ P-E, wherein h1It is soil beginning, last water content with h；P is rainfall；E is Land Surface Evaporative Capacity.
4. ecological farm field according to claim 1 needs water forecast system, it is characterised in that the measuring and calculating of the animal water requirement
Model QIt is dynamic=β VThe ditch pool-P+S+E0, wherein QIt is dynamicFor animal water requirement, βThe ditch poolThe quantity of exchanged water needed for animal in day part, VThe ditch poolIt is foster
Ditch pool volume is grown, β is that animal different times need to change the coefficient of water；S is field leakage；E0For water surface evaporation, according to supporting
The need for growing water quality, the coefficient of water is changed between 0.3~1.
5. ecological farm field according to claim 1 needs water forecast system, it is characterised in that the measuring and calculating of the comprehensive water requirement
Model QIt is comprehensiveSpecific measuring method is as shown in the table：
Wherein, QIt is comprehensiveWater requirement, h are integrated for farmlandMakeIt is deep for Crop Stage retaining；hIt is dynamicIt is deep for the retaining of animal stage.
6. ecological farm field according to claim 1 needs water forecast system, it is characterised in that the stage control index includes
The index upper limit, index average value, wherein index lower limit, hMake the upper limit、hIt is averaged、hMake lower limitDetermined by crop species, growing stage, hThe dynamic upper limit、
hIt is dynamic average、hDynamic lower limitDetermined by type of animal, growth phase, for different animals water quality index, while the early warning model of settable index
Enclose.
7. need water forecast system to carry out the method that ecological farm field needs water to forecast using any one of claim 1-6 ecological farm field, bag
Include following steps：
(1) the need for according to ecological farm field, by region topography and geomorphology, soil characteristic, hydrometeorology, pattern of farming data typing base
In plinth database；
(2) the Calculating model typing of crop, animal, synthesis water requirement is stored in crop water measuring and calculating module, animal need respectively
Water is calculated in module and comprehensive water requirement measuring and calculating module；
(3) actual measurement water consumpation data of water quality and stage control index are compared judgement, determine whether ecological farm field needs water,
And water requirement is determined by Calculating model；
(4) ecological farm field water quality situation is monitored in real time, and actual measurement Farmland Water water quality situation is compared with stage control index,
Determine whether ecological farm field needs water, with reference to weather forecast rain fall by needing water Calculating model to calculate clear and definite water requirement, so that
Irrigated and draining, meeting animal and crop different times needs water requirement；
(5) complete ecological farm field crop, animal whole breeding time need water calculate and forecast after, data are carried out with storage point again
Analysis, needs water measuring and calculating to provide empirical data for similar regional ecological farm field.
8. a kind of Calculating model of the water demand of crop, it is characterised in that the Calculating model Q of the water demand of cropIt is dynamic=(hLimit-h)
× Z, wherein QMakeFor the water demand of crop, hLimitWater limit value is needed for Crop Stage, Z is crop area in farmland；
Wherein paddy field：H=h1+P-S-αE0, wherein h1It is beginning period, last paddy field retaining depth with h；P is rainfall；S oozes for field
Leakage quantity；αE0For paddy field evaporation capacity, E0For water surface evaporation, α is each breeding time Water demand factors of crop；
Dry land：H=h1+ P-E, wherein h1It is soil beginning, last water content with h；P is rainfall；E is Land Surface Evaporative Capacity.
9. a kind of Calculating model of animal water requirement, it is characterised in that the survey of the Calculating model animal water requirement of animal water requirement
Calculate model QIt is dynamic=β VThe ditch pool-P+S+E0, wherein QIt is dynamicFor animal water requirement, β VThe ditch poolThe quantity of exchanged water needed for animal in day part, VThe ditch poolFor
Ditch pool volume is cultivated, β is that animal different times need to change the coefficient of water；S is field leakage；E0For water surface evaporation, according to
The need for cultivation water, the coefficient of water is changed between 0.3~1.
10. a kind of Calculating model of the comprehensive water requirement in farmland, it is characterised in that the Calculating model Q of the comprehensive water requirementIt is comprehensive
Specific measuring method is as shown in the table：
Wherein, QIt is comprehensiveWater requirement, h are integrated for farmlandMakeIt is deep for Crop Stage retaining；hIt is dynamicIt is deep for the retaining of animal stage.
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