CN107301310B - Method for constructing three-dimensional process template of mechanical part - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional process template of a mechanical part, and relates to the technical field of mechanical part process design. A method for constructing three-dimensional process templates of mechanical parts comprises the steps of firstly, generating node process templates of all processing nodes through defining removal characteristics, then, adding general process nodes behind all process nodes of the parts, automatically generating three-dimensional process templates and process information first pages of a plurality of parts, revising and analyzing the generated three-dimensional process templates to generate standard three-dimensional process templates of the parts, simultaneously uploading the standard three-dimensional process templates to a processing process knowledge base of an enterprise, and distributing the compiled three-dimensional process templates. The method simplifies the creation process of the part process model, improves the intellectualization and automation of the process model construction process, and provides a simple and efficient modeling means for the process model of a complex product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical part process design, in particular to a method for constructing a three-dimensional process template of a mechanical part.
Background
The development of the knowledge, prototype and template design theory technology is mature day by day, the calculation speed of software and hardware of a computer is greatly improved, and the progress of the process design technology of complex mechanical parts is greatly promoted. At present, the process design is directly carried out in a three-dimensional model of a product and the process is simulated and simulated based on the three-dimensional model, so that a new research direction is formed. The requirements of a part processing technology node on a manufacturing result are visually reflected through three-dimensional modeling of the processing technology, and process information such as working content, working steps, various labeling and inspection result requirements and the like is integrated in a three-dimensional technology model, so that the automation degree of the manufacturing process is greatly promoted. The research directions in this field in recent years are mainly: (1) an information organization model of the part process model; (2) creating a part process model; (3) an integrated application technology of a part process model. However, most of these works are theoretical researches on a mathematical level, the theories of which relate to technical schemes for knowledge application in three-dimensional models of products less, and the problems of low engineering degree, difficult use and the like still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional process template of a mechanical part, which realizes the rapid construction of a part machining process model.
A method for constructing a three-dimensional process template of a mechanical part comprises the following steps:
step 1: identifying all removal features required to be cut off during part processing, establishing a binary tree in the part processing process based on the removal features, selecting a processing node sequence according to the enterprise processing capacity, adding process requirement information to each processing node, and outputting the processing node sequence comprising the process requirement information;
the removal characteristics refer to characteristics that the shape characteristics of a removal material are different from those of a part designed during part processing, the removal characteristics are divided into six types of characteristics which are boundary characteristics, invagination characteristics, through characteristics, thread characteristics, annular characteristics and other characteristics, and each characteristic is defined as follows:
the boundary characteristic is a shape which is directly removed from an original part blank, intersects at least two blank surfaces and is positioned at the boundary;
the invagination characteristic is an inward concave and non-through shape which is only intersected with the surface of a blank;
the run-through characteristic refers to a shape which is removed from the process node blank, is at least intersected with the surfaces of more than two blanks and is through and positioned in the blank;
thread characteristics refer to the case where the remaining shape formed after material removal is a thread;
annular features refer to cylindrical shapes removed by turning or milling;
other features refer to known surface features that require finishing that cannot be attributed to the above categories of features;
step 2: carrying out comprehensive knowledge matching according to the characteristics, removal characteristics, material characteristics, machine tool characteristics and capabilities and quality inspection requirements of parts, retrieving a removal characteristic processing technology knowledge base and generating node technology templates of all processing nodes, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: taking a processing node from the generated part processing node sequence, identifying the material characteristics and the part characteristics of the part, and determining a part processing method and an initial blank according to the material characteristics and the part characteristics of the part;
step 2.2: identifying the removal characteristics and the machine tool characteristics of the selected part processing node, and determining a tool and machine tool equipment which are required to be used for processing the part according to an identification result;
step 2.3: inspecting a part machining node according to the quality inspection requirement of the part, and determining the technological parameters of part machining;
step 2.4: comprehensively considering multiple factors of part materials, part characteristics, removal characteristics, machine tool characteristics and quality inspection requirements, comprehensively calculating and optimizing part processing nodes, eliminating factors of mutual influence and interference, sequencing the nodes of the parts according to the sequence of boundary characteristics, invagination characteristics, through characteristics, thread characteristics and annular characteristics according to the calculation and optimization results, determining the sequence of the processing nodes, and finally determining a process template of the nodes;
step 2.5: judging whether all processing nodes of the part generate node process templates or not, if the nodes do not generate the node process templates, taking another processing node from the part processing node sequence, executing the steps 2.1-2.5 again, and generating the node process templates of all the part processing nodes, otherwise executing the step 3;
and step 3: adding general process nodes behind all process nodes of the part, summarizing the process information of the part, automatically generating three-dimensional process templates of a plurality of parts, and generating a process information home page, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: judging whether the current node is the first node in the part processing node sequence, if so, keeping the initial blank, otherwise, taking the process template of the previous node as the initial blank of the current node;
step 3.2: adding a universal process node after the current processing node;
step 3.3: judging whether all processing nodes in the part processing node sequence are added with the universal process nodes or not, if so, returning to the step 3.1, otherwise, executing the step 3.4;
step 3.4: calling an enterprise production database, summarizing and analyzing the process requirement information, equipment scheme and processing scheme information of the parts in the database, matching the information with the generated process template of each processing node, and generating three-dimensional process templates of a plurality of parts; according to the available states of equipment, tools and tools which need to be used, all the generated three-dimensional process templates are subjected to priority sequencing, and a process information home page is generated;
and 4, step 4: revising and analyzing the generated three-dimensional process template to generate a standard three-dimensional process template of the part, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
performing interactive adjustment and revision on the process requirement information, equipment schemes and processing schemes of parts contained in the three-dimensional process template in the generated process information homepage according to the actual conditions of factory and production requirements, and storing the adjusted and revised three-dimensional process template as a standard three-dimensional process template;
and 5: and uploading the standard three-dimensional process template to a processing process knowledge base of an enterprise, carrying out knowledge extraction on knowledge contained in the standard three-dimensional process template through the processes of identification, understanding, screening and induction by the processing process knowledge base, storing the extracted process information into a characteristic processing process knowledge base, and simultaneously publishing the compiled three-dimensional process template.
Further, the general process node in step 3.2 includes inspection and deburring processes that need to be performed in each machining process in the part machining process.
Further, the standard three-dimensional process template in the step 4 comprises process requirement information of the process template, an equipment scheme and a processing scheme, wherein the processing scheme comprises a processing mode, a cutter scheme and a tooling scheme.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for constructing the three-dimensional process template of the mechanical part, the feature removal definition is adopted, so that the machining process knowledge base can be directly searched and the published template can be inquired when the three-dimensional process template of the part is constructed, the workload of designers is reduced, and the time for constructing the three-dimensional process template is saved. The generated standard template generates a process information home page and stores the home page in a knowledge base for compiling and publishing, so that the purpose that the inventory, the processing capacity and the personnel configuration of a factory are considered during the design of parts can be realized, and the optimal equipment scheme and the optimal processing scheme are recommended, thereby improving the processing production efficiency and the quality of finished products. The method simplifies the creation process of the part process model, improves the intellectualization and automation of the process model construction process, and provides a simple and efficient modeling means for the process model of a complex product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional process part to be designed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a three-dimensional process template of a mechanical part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a binary tree for part machining process establishment based on removal features according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a boundary feature structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an invagination feature provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a through feature provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a thread feature provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a ring feature provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of generating node process templates of all processing nodes in step 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a node process template generated by a part to be designed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional process template and a process information home page for generating a plurality of parts in step 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a block diagram of a finally generated process template according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a boundary feature; 2. an invagination feature; 3. a through feature; 4. a thread feature; 5. an annular feature; 6. upper end face boundary features; 7. front end gap boundary features; 8. an upper rear end groove undercut feature; 9. a left front end invagination feature; 10. a left front end invagination feature; 11. a central invagination feature; 12. a middle left through feature; 13. the middle part and the right part are communicated; 14. medial right invagination feature.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A method for constructing a three-dimensional process template of a mechanical part is established on the basis of a CAD/CAM system platform, and a rapid modeling method is provided for the three-dimensional process design of an aeronautical structure.
In this embodiment, for a three-dimensional process part requiring process design, as shown in fig. 1, a method for constructing a three-dimensional process template for a mechanical part is used to construct the three-dimensional process template for the three-dimensional process part, and specific steps are shown in fig. 2, and include the following steps.
Step 1: identifying all removal features required to be cut off during part processing, establishing a binary tree of a part processing process based on the removal features, selecting a processing node sequence according to enterprise processing capacity, adding process requirement information to each processing node, and outputting the processing node sequence including the process requirement information as shown in FIG. 3. Additional process requirement information in this embodiment includes part surface roughness, dimensional tolerances, and form and location tolerance information.
The removal characteristics refer to characteristics that the shape characteristics of a removal material are different from those of a part designed during part processing, the removal characteristics are divided into six types of characteristics, namely boundary characteristics, invagination characteristics, through characteristics, thread characteristics, annular characteristics and other characteristics, and each characteristic is defined as follows:
the boundary feature refers to a shape which is directly removed from an original part blank, intersects at least two blank surfaces and is located at a boundary, for example, as shown in fig. 4, a removed part blank boundary notch is a boundary feature 1;
the invagination feature is an inward concave and non-through shape which is only intersected with the surface of a blank, for example, as shown in fig. 5, a hexagonal notch with material at the bottom of the center of a removed part blank is an invagination feature 2;
the through feature is a shape which is removed from the process node blank, is at least intersected with the surfaces of more than two blanks and is through and positioned in the blank, for example, as shown in fig. 6, a hexagonal through hole without material at the bottom of the center of the part blank is removed to be a through feature 3;
thread features, which refer to the case where the remaining shape formed after material removal is a thread, such as the thread feature 4 shown in FIG. 7 after removal of one screw on the part blank;
annular feature, meaning a cylindrical shape removed by turning or milling, such as shown in fig. 8, the cylindrical shape removed on the part blank is annular feature 5;
other features refer to known surface features that require finishing finishes that cannot be attributed to the above categories of features.
Step 2: performing comprehensive knowledge matching according to the part characteristics, the removal characteristics, the material characteristics, the machine tool characteristics and capabilities and the quality inspection requirements, retrieving a feature removal machining process knowledge base, and generating node process templates of all machining nodes, as shown in fig. 9, the specific method is as follows:
step 2.1: and taking one processing node from the generated part processing node sequence, identifying the material characteristics and the part characteristics of the part, and determining a part processing method and an initial blank according to the material characteristics and the part characteristics of the part. In the embodiment, a part to be designed is provided with a groove, a round hole and a square hole, and is processed by adopting a milling method;
step 2.2: and identifying the removal characteristics and the machine tool characteristics of the selected part processing node, and determining a tool and machine tool equipment required by part processing according to the identification result. In the embodiment, the removal features for identifying the part to be designed comprise the features of a plane, an inclined plane, a groove and a hole, the machine tool to be used is characterized in that a main shaft is vertically arranged, and a workbench can be lifted up and down, so that the part to be designed is determined to be processed by using a vertical milling machine and an end milling cutter, and the diameter range of the end milling cutter is 2-50 mm;
step 2.3: and inspecting the machining node of the part according to the quality inspection requirement of the part, and determining the technological parameters of the reference surface, the machining allowance and the dimensional tolerance range of the part during machining of the part. In the embodiment, the upper end face of the part is taken as a reference surface, and the dimensional tolerance range of the part is 0 to + 2;
step 2.4: comprehensively considering various factors of part materials, part characteristics, removal characteristics, machine tool characteristics and quality inspection, comprehensively calculating and optimizing part machining nodes, eliminating factors of mutual influence and interference, sequencing the nodes of the parts according to the sequence of boundary characteristics, invagination characteristics, through characteristics, thread characteristics and annular characteristics according to the calculation and optimization results, determining the sequence of the machining nodes, and finally determining a process template of the nodes. In the embodiment, the removal features of the part to be designed only comprise boundary features, invagination features and through features, so that the processing node sequence is sequenced according to the sequence of the boundary features, the invagination features and the through features;
step 2.5: judging whether all processing nodes of the part generate node process templates or not, if the nodes do not generate the node process templates, taking another processing node from the part processing node sequence, executing the steps 2.1-2.5 again, and generating the node process templates of all the part processing nodes, otherwise executing the step 3;
in this embodiment, the parts to be designed are co-formed into eight node process templates, as shown in fig. 10, which are: a first nodal process template, the nodal process template removing upper end face boundary features 6 of the part; a second node process template, wherein the node process template removes the front end gap boundary characteristics 7 of the part; a third node process template, wherein the node process template removes the recess characteristic 8 at the upper rear end of the part; a fourth node process template, wherein the left front end invagination feature 9 of the part is removed by the node process template; a fifth node process template, wherein the left end invagination feature 10 of the part is removed by the node process template; a sixth node process template, wherein the middle invagination characteristic 11 of the part is removed by the node process template; a seventh node process template, which removes the middle left through feature 12 of the part; an eighth node process template that removes the right-middle through feature 13 and the invagination feature 14 of the part.
And step 3: adding general process nodes after all process nodes of the current part, summarizing the process information of the part in the database, automatically generating a three-dimensional process template of the part, and generating a process information home page, as shown in fig. 11, the specific method is as follows:
step 3.1: judging whether the current node is the first node in the part processing node sequence, if so, keeping the initial blank, otherwise, modifying the process template of the previous node into the initial blank of the current node;
step 3.2: adding a universal process node after the current processing node;
each machining process of the part includes inspection and deburring processes, so these processes are set as common process nodes and added after the current node;
step 3.3: judging whether all processing nodes in the part processing node sequence are added with the universal process nodes or not, if the processing nodes are not added with the universal process nodes, returning to the step 3.1, otherwise, executing the step 3.4;
step 3.4: calling an enterprise production database, summarizing and analyzing the process requirement information, equipment scheme and processing scheme information of the parts in the database, matching the information with the generated process template of each processing node, and generating three-dimensional process templates of a plurality of parts; according to the available states of equipment, tools and tools which need to be used, all the generated three-dimensional process templates are subjected to priority sequencing, and a process information home page is generated;
and 4, step 4: revising and analyzing the generated three-dimensional process template to generate a standard three-dimensional process template of the part, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
interactively adjusting and revising the process requirement information, the equipment scheme and the processing scheme of the part contained in the three-dimensional process template in the generated process information homepage according to the actual conditions of factory and production requirements, and storing the adjusted and revised three-dimensional process template as a standard three-dimensional process template, as shown in figure 12, comprising an initial blank, eight processing nodes and a universal node;
and 5: and uploading the standard three-dimensional process template to a processing process knowledge base of an enterprise, carrying out knowledge extraction on knowledge contained in the standard three-dimensional process template through the processes of identification, understanding, screening and induction by the processing process knowledge base, storing the extracted process information into a characteristic processing process knowledge base, and simultaneously publishing the compiled three-dimensional process template.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional process template of a mechanical part is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: identifying all removal features required to be cut off during part processing, establishing a binary tree in the part processing process based on the removal features, selecting a processing node sequence according to the enterprise processing capacity, adding process requirement information to each processing node, and outputting the processing node sequence comprising the process requirement information;
the removal characteristics refer to characteristics that the shape characteristics of a removal material are different from those of a part designed during part processing, the removal characteristics are divided into six types of characteristics which are boundary characteristics, invagination characteristics, through characteristics, thread characteristics, annular characteristics and other characteristics, and each characteristic is defined as follows:
the boundary characteristic is a shape which is directly removed from an original part blank, intersects at least two blank surfaces and is positioned at the boundary;
the invagination characteristic is an inward concave and non-through shape which is only intersected with the surface of a blank;
the run-through characteristic refers to a shape which is removed from the process node blank, is at least intersected with the surfaces of more than two blanks and is through and positioned in the blank;
thread characteristics refer to the case where the remaining shape formed after material removal is a thread;
annular features refer to cylindrical shapes removed by turning or milling;
other features refer to known surface features that require finishing that cannot be attributed to the above categories of features;
step 2: carrying out comprehensive knowledge matching according to the characteristics, removal characteristics, material characteristics, machine tool characteristics and capabilities and quality inspection requirements of parts, retrieving a removal characteristic processing technology knowledge base and generating node technology templates of all processing nodes, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: taking a processing node from the generated part processing node sequence, identifying the material characteristics and the part characteristics of the part, and determining a part processing method and an initial blank according to the material characteristics and the part characteristics of the part;
step 2.2: identifying the removal characteristics and the machine tool characteristics of the selected part processing node, and determining a tool and machine tool equipment which are required to be used for processing the part according to an identification result;
step 2.3: inspecting a part machining node according to the quality inspection requirement of the part, and determining the technological parameters of part machining;
step 2.4: comprehensively considering multiple factors of part materials, part characteristics, removal characteristics, machine tool characteristics and quality inspection requirements, comprehensively calculating and optimizing part processing nodes, eliminating factors of mutual influence and interference, sequencing the nodes of the parts according to the sequence of boundary characteristics, invagination characteristics, through characteristics, thread characteristics and annular characteristics according to the calculation and optimization results, determining the sequence of the processing nodes, and finally determining a process template of the nodes;
step 2.5: judging whether all processing nodes of the part generate node process templates or not, if the nodes do not generate the node process templates, taking another processing node from the part processing node sequence, executing the steps 2.1-2.5 again, and generating the node process templates of all the part processing nodes, otherwise executing the step 3;
and step 3: adding general process nodes behind all process nodes of the part, summarizing the process information of the part, automatically generating three-dimensional process templates of a plurality of parts, and generating a process information home page, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: judging whether the current node is the first node in the part processing node sequence, if so, keeping the initial blank, otherwise, taking the process template of the previous node as the initial blank of the current node;
step 3.2: adding a universal process node after the current processing node;
step 3.3: judging whether all processing nodes in the part processing node sequence are added with the universal process nodes or not, if so, returning to the step 3.1, otherwise, executing the step 3.4;
step 3.4: calling an enterprise production database, summarizing and analyzing the process requirement information, equipment scheme and processing scheme information of the parts in the database, matching the information with the generated process template of each processing node, and generating three-dimensional process templates of a plurality of parts; according to the available states of equipment, tools and tools which need to be used, all the generated three-dimensional process templates are subjected to priority sequencing, and a process information home page is generated;
and 4, step 4: revising and analyzing the generated three-dimensional process template to generate a standard three-dimensional process template of the part, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
performing interactive adjustment and revision on the process requirement information, equipment schemes and processing schemes of parts contained in the three-dimensional process template in the generated process information homepage according to the actual conditions of factory and production requirements, and storing the adjusted and revised three-dimensional process template as a standard three-dimensional process template;
and 5: and uploading the standard three-dimensional process template to a processing process knowledge base of an enterprise, carrying out knowledge extraction on knowledge contained in the standard three-dimensional process template through the processes of identification, understanding, screening and induction by the processing process knowledge base, storing the extracted process information into a characteristic processing process knowledge base, and simultaneously publishing the compiled three-dimensional process template.
2. The method for constructing the three-dimensional process template of the mechanical part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 3.2, the universal process node comprises the inspection and deburring process which is required to be carried out in each processing procedure in the part processing process.
3. The method for constructing the three-dimensional process template of the mechanical part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 4, enabling the standard three-dimensional process template to comprise process requirement information of the process template, an equipment scheme and a processing scheme, wherein the processing scheme comprises a processing mode, a cutter scheme and a tooling scheme.
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