CN107299343B - A kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical group B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer, the described method comprises the following steps: preparation cladding powder；The surface preparation of fine copper matrix to cladding；Make cladding powder in the rapid consolidation in the surface of fine copper matrix using laser cladding apparatus using synchronous powder feeding system mode, form ZrB2‑ZrC‑Al2O3Ceramics enhancing cladding layer.Present invention cladding layer obtained, composite ceramics cladding layer are well combined with matrix, pore-free and impurity, the ceramic enhancement phase of synthesis is risen inside cladding layer by matrix to surface concentrations, distribution gradient, while generating three kinds of different ceramic phases, its morphosis is different, and hardness significantly improves.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Surface Engineering fields, are related to a kind of system of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer
Preparation Method reacts in fine copper surface in situ that is, under laser action and generates ZrB2-ZrC-Al2O3Enhance cladding layer.
Background technique
Copper and its alloy have high thermal conductivity and excellent plasticity and toughness, but its intensity and wear-resisting property compared with
Difference is not suitable for working under conditions of high load capacity；Ceramic material has high hardness, good wearability and high-temperature stability；
The two is combined, copper-based ceramic composite has good thermal conductivity and has both high intensity and wearability, improves
The application range of copper product.
Mainly have in the traditional technology that fine copper surface prepares copper-based ceramic composite: thermal spraying, surface overlaying and physics
Chemical vapor deposition etc., but these traditional technologies are there are some defects, are mechanical between the coating and matrix obtained such as thermal spraying
In conjunction with binding force is weak, is fallen off by impact；Physical chemistry, which is vapor-deposited, can only obtain the coating of tens micron thickness, and apply
Layer is poor with matrix associativity；Surface overlaying is high to solder material requirements, and the material ranges that can reach selection are narrow.And conventional method
It is predominantly directly added into ceramic material and prepares copper-based ceramic composite, since copper and ceramic material wetability are poor, thermal expansion
Difference of coefficients is big, causes copper and ceramic material associativity poor.
Laser melting and coating technique is a kind of advanced surface increases material manufacturing technology, makes cladding material and base by high energy laser beam
Surface layer while melting and solidification, obtain the enhancement layer of metallurgical bonding, cladding material range of choice is wide, and process is flexibly controllable.
Therefore it can use the copper-based Ceramic Composite cladding layer that laser melting and coating technique has good comprehensive performance in the preparation of copper surface.Copper tool
There are lower laser absorption rate and high heating conduction, so that copper can only under same laser power compared to metals such as iron, titaniums
Less energy is absorbed, simultaneously because thermally conductive rapid, the attainable maximum temperature of institute is relatively low.Copper inhales the laser of different wave length
Yield is different, and the optical maser wavelength that semiconductor light fibre laser is emitted is 1.064 μm, CO2The optical maser wavelength that laser is emitted
It is 10.6 μm, copper is about under the same conditions 7 times of the latter to the former absorptivity, therefore is had using semiconductor light fibre laser
Conducive to the laser melting coating on copper surface.
Self-propagating high-temperature reaction is a kind of to carry out by highly exothermic react come self―sustaining of reactant and synthesize ceramic material
The in-situ synthesized reaction of material.A large amount of heat can be released in reaction process and is conducive to laser cladding process, while laser can be used as
Heat source induces self-propagating high-temperature reaction, generates reinforced phase in copper surface in situ.In self-propagating high-temperature reaction process, due to ceramics
The fusing point of phase material is high, and meeting preferential forming core in molten bath can be used as nucleation mass point in next process of setting, improve shape
Core rate, and can be first in ceramic shape if there are metal materials when various metals, soaked with ceramic material in molten bath
Epipole surrounding crystalline, forming a kind of package structure further improves associativity between ceramic phase and metallic matrix, due to metal
Matrix is thermally conductive rapidly, and the external environment in the form of heat radiation releases a large amount of heat again in molten bath, and bath temperature decline is fast, can press down
Combinations grain is grown up, and the tiny cladding layer of crystal grain is then obtained.Fabricated in situ ceramic material compared to being directly added into ceramic material,
Combination between fabricated in situ ceramic phase and metallic matrix is more preferable.But it is led at present about copper-based ceramic composite in laser melting coating
The research in domain is less, therefore studies and prepare a kind of copper-based Ceramic Composite of laser melting coating self-propagating high-temperature reaction fabricated in situ
Material is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of the spontaneous ceramics enhancing cladding layer of fine copper surface in situ, solve
It is directly added into the problem of ceramic material Yu copper associativity difference, and is reacted and is generated in fine copper surface in situ using superpower laser
ZrB2-ZrC-Al2O3Enhance the preparation process of cladding layer.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that
A kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer, the method includes following steps
It is rapid:
A: preparation cladding powder；
B: the surface preparation of the fine copper matrix to cladding；
C: melt cladding powder rapidly on the surface of fine copper matrix using laser cladding apparatus using synchronous powder feeding system mode
It is solidifying, form ceramics enhancing cladding layer；
The wherein sequence interchangeable of step A and step B.
Further, the amount of each component is by weight percentage in the cladding powder are as follows: 2.03~6.09%Al powder, 6.94
~20.82%ZrO2Powder, 1.73~5.19%Ni packet B4C powder, 9.30~27.90%Ni powder, surplus are Cu powder.
Further, the Al powder, ZrO2Powder and Ni packet B4The molar ratio of C powder is 4:3:1.
Further, the specific preparation method of the cladding powder is, each raw material powder is abundant according to the percentage
Uniformly mixing, is then placed in drying box, dries 1h at 120 DEG C, obtain cladding powder.
Further, the full and uniform mixed specific method of the raw material powder is to utilize V-type batch mixer, speed of agitator
For 15r/min, incorporation time 2h.
Further, the granularity of the Al powder is 38~75 μm, purity 99.5%；The ZrO2The granularity of powder be 25~
48 μm, purity 99.9%；The Ni packet B4The granularity of C is 25~48 μm, B4C content is 60wt.%；The granularity of the Ni powder
It is 48~106 μm, purity 99.9%；The granularity of the Cu powder is 53~75 μm, purity 99.9%.
Further, the step B the following steps are included:
B1: the fine copper matrix using sand paper polishing to cladding, to remove surface blot, oxide；
B2: the surface using dehydrated alcohol wiping to the fine copper matrix of cladding；
B3: in one layer of carbon black ink of external coating of fine copper matrix, being put into drying box, the dry 10min at 120 DEG C.
Further, the laser cladding apparatus in step C includes laser, movable fixture and paraxonic powder feeder,
The semiconductor light fibre laser that the laser is 1.064 μm, laser power are 1800~2600W, and overlapping rate is 30~50%；
The movable fixture is for fixing fine copper matrix, and movement speed is 1~3mm/s；The paraxonic powder feeder is by cladding powder
It is sent at LASER SPECKLE, load powder gas is argon gas, and throughput is 2~6L/min, and powder sending quantity is 1~3g/min.
Further, the fine copper matrix also needs to carry out the pre-heat treatment before carrying out laser melting coating, makes to the pure of cladding
Copper substrate surface temperature reaches 600 DEG C.
Further, the specific method of the pre-heat treatment is, according to the size of fine copper matrix, using 1400~
The low power laser of 1600W irradiates 5~6min to fine copper matrix surface.
The self-propagating high-temperature reaction that the present invention is occurred are as follows: 4Al+3ZrO2+B4C=2ZrB2+ZrC+2Al2O3, the pottery of acquisition
Porcelain reinforced phase is ZrB2, ZrC and Al2O3.Use Ni packet B4C-material can reduce B4Ni powder is added in scaling loss of the C in cladding process
The wetability between fabricated in situ ceramic phase and Copper substrate can be improved, the addition of Cu powder is conducive to the combination of cladding layer and matrix,
And improve the electric conductivity of cladding layer.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is using highly exothermic self-propagating high-temperature reaction and laser melting and coating technique pure
Copper substrate surface synthesizes ceramic enhancement phase.The ceramic enhancement phase of fabricated in situ of the present invention is good with metallic matrix associativity.The present invention
Three kinds of different ceramic enhancement phases are generated simultaneously, and morphosis is different, and reinforcing effect is significant.The ceramics enhancing that the present invention synthesizes
Mutually risen inside cladding layer by matrix to surface concentrations, distribution gradient, reduces thermal stress-cracking.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is laser melting coating schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is cladding layer cross-sectional metallographic figure of the invention；
Fig. 3 is reinforced phase metallographic microscope of the invention；
Fig. 4 is cladding layer cross section microhardness distribution figure of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the clad layer surface conductivity variation diagram of this bright invention；
Fig. 6 is the power spectrum Surface scan figure of cladding layer cross section of the invention；
Fig. 7 is cladding layer XRD spectrum of the invention.
In figure: 1- fine copper matrix；2- cladding layer；3- laser beam；4- laser；5- paraxonic powder feeder；6- cladding powder.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer, comprising the following steps:
Cladding powder is prepared, the amount of each component is by weight percentage are as follows: 2.03%Al powder, 6.94%ZrO2Powder, 1.73%
Ni packet B4C powder, 9.30%Ni powder, 80%Cu powder；It is put into V-type batch mixer after accurately weighing above-mentioned powder, with the revolving speed of 15r/min
Cladding powder, is then put into drying box by stirring 2 hours, and 1h is dried at 120 DEG C, removes the moisture in powder, is melted
Whiting end.
The surface preparation of fine copper matrix to cladding, using sand paper polishing to cladding fine copper matrix, to remove surface dirt
Stain, oxide；The surface to cladding fine copper matrix is wiped using dehydrated alcohol；Using hairbrush in one layer of carbon of fine copper external coating
Ink is put into drying box, the dry 10min at 120 DEG C.
The cladding apparatus chosen in the present embodiment includes 1.064 μm of semiconductor light fibre laser 4, numerically-controlled machine tool and paraxonic
Powder feeder, the size of fine copper matrix 1 are 50 × 150 × 15mm3, fine copper matrix 1 is fixed on numerically-controlled machine tool simultaneously using fixture
It is mobile with the speed of 1mm/s, it is first 1400W by the power setting of laser 4,6min is irradiated to 1 surface of fine copper matrix, is made fusion
It covers 1 surface temperature of fine copper matrix and reaches 600 DEG C.It is again 1800W, overlapping rate 40%, while side by the power setting of laser 4
Cladding powder 6 is sent at LASER SPECKLE by axis powder feeder 5, and load powder gas is argon gas, throughput 4L/min, powder sending quantity 2g/
min.Form ceramics enhancing cladding layer 2.
After fine copper matrix is air-cooled to room temperature after cladding, sample is cut into required size using electro-spark cutting machine and is carried out
Test, the average microhardness of ceramics enhancing cladding layer is about 230HV as the result is shown0.2, conductivity 50.43IACS%.Wherein
Prepare the sequence interchangeable of the surface preparation of cladding powder and fine copper matrix.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer, comprising the following steps:
Cladding powder is prepared, the amount of each component is by weight percentage are as follows: 4.06%Al powder, 13.88%ZrO2Powder, 3.46%
Ni packet B4C powder, 18.6%Ni powder, 60%Cu powder；It is put into V-type batch mixer after accurately weighing above-mentioned powder, with the revolving speed of 15r/min
Cladding powder, is then put into drying box by stirring 2 hours, and 1h is dried at 120 DEG C, removes the moisture in powder, is melted
Whiting end.
The surface preparation of fine copper matrix to cladding, using sand paper polishing to cladding fine copper matrix, to remove surface dirt
Stain, oxide；The surface to cladding fine copper matrix is wiped using dehydrated alcohol；Using hairbrush in one layer of carbon of fine copper external coating
Ink is put into drying box, the dry 10min at 120 DEG C.
The cladding apparatus chosen in the present embodiment includes 1.064 μm of semiconductor light fibre laser 4, numerically-controlled machine tool and paraxonic
Powder feeder, the size of fine copper matrix 1 are 50 × 150 × 15mm3, fine copper matrix 1 is fixed on numerically-controlled machine tool simultaneously using fixture
It is mobile with the speed of 2mm/s, it is first 1400W by the power setting of laser 4,6min is irradiated to 1 surface of fine copper matrix, is made fusion
It covers 1 surface temperature of fine copper matrix and reaches 600 DEG C.It is again 2200W, overlapping rate 50%, while side by the power setting of laser 4
Cladding powder 6 is sent at LASER SPECKLE by axis powder feeder 5, and load powder gas is argon gas, throughput 4L/min, powder sending quantity 4g/
min.Form ceramics enhancing cladding layer 2.
After fine copper matrix is air-cooled to room temperature after cladding, sample is cut into required size using electro-spark cutting machine and is carried out
Test, the average microhardness of ceramics enhancing cladding layer is about 370HV as the result is shown0.2, conductivity 38.75IACS%.Wherein
Prepare the sequence interchangeable of the surface preparation of cladding powder and fine copper matrix.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer, comprising the following steps:
Cladding powder is prepared, the amount of each component is by weight percentage are as follows: 6.09%Al powder, 20.82%ZrO2Powder, 5.19%
Ni packet B4C powder, 27.90%Ni powder, 40%Cu powder；It is put into V-type batch mixer after accurately weighing above-mentioned powder, with turning for 15r/min
Cladding powder, is then put into drying box by speed stirring 2 hours, and 1h is dried at 120 DEG C, removes the moisture in powder, obtains
Cladding powder.
The surface preparation of fine copper matrix to cladding, using sand paper polishing to cladding fine copper matrix, to remove surface dirt
Stain, oxide；The surface to cladding fine copper matrix is wiped using dehydrated alcohol；Using hairbrush in one layer of carbon of fine copper external coating
Ink is put into drying box, the dry 10min at 120 DEG C.
The cladding apparatus chosen in the present embodiment includes 1.064 μm of semiconductor light fibre laser 4, numerically-controlled machine tool and paraxonic
The size of powder feeder, fine copper matrix 1 is 50 × 150 × 15mm3, is fixed on fine copper matrix 1 on numerically-controlled machine tool simultaneously using fixture
It is mobile with the speed of 3mm/s, it is first 1600W by the power setting of laser 4,5min is irradiated to 1 surface of fine copper matrix, is made fusion
It covers 1 surface temperature of fine copper matrix and reaches 600 DEG C.It is again 2600W, overlapping rate 50%, while side by the power setting of laser 4
Cladding powder 6 is sent at LASER SPECKLE by axis powder feeder 5, and load powder gas is argon gas, throughput 6L/min, powder sending quantity 6g/
min.Form ceramics enhancing cladding layer 2.
After fine copper matrix is air-cooled to room temperature after cladding, sample is cut into required size using electro-spark cutting machine and is carried out
Test, the hardness of ceramics enhancing cladding layer is 440HV as the result is shown0.2, conductivity 27.66IACS%.Wherein prepare cladding powder
The sequence interchangeable of the surface preparation of end and fine copper matrix.
Fig. 1 is laser cladding process schematic diagram.Fig. 2 is cladding layer cross-sectional metallographic figure, it can be observed that acicular ceramic increases
Qiang Xiang is gradually decreased from the top down, and cladding layer is well combined with matrix, pore-free and impurity.Fig. 3 is reinforced phase metallographic microscope, gold
Belonging to matrix is in dendritic crystalline, and ceramic enhancement phase is needle-shaped.Fig. 4 is cladding layer cross section microhardness figure, and 30% ceramic material melts
Coating, that is, embodiment 3, average microhardness is up to about 440HV0.2, 7 times are promoted compared to Copper substrate, microhardness promotes effect
Obviously.Fig. 5 is clad layer surface conductivity variation diagram, and conductivity is reduced with the raising of ceramic enhancement phase content.Fig. 6 is cladding
The power spectrum Surface scan figure of layer cross section, it can be seen that needle-shaped reinforced phase contains a large amount of Zr elements, should be the ceramic phase of Zr.According to figure
7 cladding layer XRD spectrums, ceramic enhancement phase ZrB2, ZrC and Al2O3。
To sum up, in the above embodiment of the present invention, comprehensively consider hardness and conductivity, embodiment 2 is preferred plan.
The various embodiments described above can be subject to several variations in the case where not departing from protection scope of the present invention, therefore above illustrate to be wrapped
Contain and structure shown in the drawings should be regarded as illustrative, rather than the protection scope to limit the present patent application patent.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer, which is characterized in that the method packet
Include following steps:
A: preparation cladding powder, the amount of each component is by weight percentage in the cladding powder are as follows: 2.03~6.09%Al powder,
6.94~20.82%ZrO2Powder, 1.73~5.19%Ni packet B4C powder, 9.30~27.90%Ni powder, surplus are Cu powder；
B: the surface preparation of the fine copper matrix to cladding；
C: make cladding powder in the rapid consolidation in the surface of fine copper matrix, shape using laser cladding apparatus using synchronous powder feeding system mode
Enhance cladding layer at ceramics；
The wherein sequence interchangeable of step A and step B.
2. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the Al powder, ZrO2Powder and Ni packet B4The molar ratio of C powder is 4:3:1.
3. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 1,
It being characterized in that, the specific preparation method of the cladding powder is, by each raw material powder according to the full and uniform mixing of the percentage,
It is then placed in drying box, dries 1h at 120 DEG C, obtain cladding powder.
4. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, the full and uniform mixed specific method of raw material powder is to utilize V-type batch mixer, speed of agitator 15r/
Min, incorporation time 2h.
5. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the granularity of the Al powder is 38~75 μm, purity 99.5%；The ZrO2The granularity of powder is 25~48 μm, pure
Degree is 99.9%；The Ni packet B4The granularity of C is 25~48 μm, B4C content is 60wt.%；The granularity of the Ni powder be 48~
106 μm, purity 99.9%；The granularity of the Cu powder is 53~75 μm, purity 99.9%.
6. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that, the step B the following steps are included:
B1: the fine copper matrix using sand paper polishing to cladding, to remove surface blot, oxide；
B2: the surface using dehydrated alcohol wiping to the fine copper matrix of cladding；
B3: in one layer of carbon black ink of external coating of fine copper matrix, being put into drying box, the dry 10min at 120 DEG C.
7. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the laser cladding apparatus in step C includes laser, movable fixture and paraxonic powder feeder, the laser
The semiconductor light fibre laser that device is 1.064 μm, laser power are 1800~2600W, and overlapping rate is 30~50%；It is described removable
Dynamic device is for fixing fine copper matrix, and movement speed is 1~3mm/s；Cladding powder is sent to laser by the paraxonic powder feeder
At spot, load powder gas is argon gas, and throughput is 2~6L/min, and powder sending quantity is 1~3g/min.
8. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that, the fine copper matrix also needs to carry out the pre-heat treatment before carrying out laser melting coating, makes the fine copper matrix table to cladding
Face temperature reaches 600 DEG C.
9. a kind of preparation method of fine copper surface laser in-situ authigenic ceramics enhancing cladding layer according to claim 8,
It is characterized in that, the specific method of the pre-heat treatment is, according to the size of fine copper matrix, using the low of 1400~1600W
Power laser irradiates 5~6min to fine copper matrix surface.
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