CN107294785A - The automatic deployment method and device, computer-readable recording medium of CDN node service - Google Patents
The automatic deployment method and device, computer-readable recording medium of CDN node service Download PDFInfo
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- CN107294785A CN107294785A CN201710560372.3A CN201710560372A CN107294785A CN 107294785 A CN107294785 A CN 107294785A CN 201710560372 A CN201710560372 A CN 201710560372A CN 107294785 A CN107294785 A CN 107294785A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0876—Aspects of the degree of configuration automation
- H04L41/0886—Fully automatic configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
- H04L41/0813—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
- H04L41/082—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1097—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/34—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Stored Programmes (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of automatic deployment method and device, computer-readable recording medium of CDN node service, methods described include：When receiving container startup order, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained, and starts first container, wherein：It is separate between first container, each other in the absence of data-interface；After first container startup, information of container and host's machine information are obtained, the information of container includes container running status；When the container running status indicates that first container is in starting state, the service that can be provided to first container carries out external service inspection；When inspection result, which characterizes first container, normally to provide service, nodal information is sent to GSLB so that the node is added to corresponding acceleration region by the GSLB according to the nodal information.Using such scheme, the deployment efficiency of CDN node service can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to the automatic deployment method of field of computer technology, more particularly to a kind of service of CDN node
And device, computer-readable recording medium.
Background technology
It can be avoided as far as possible on internet using content distributing network (Content Delivery Network, CDN)
Influence the bottleneck and link of data transmission bauds and stability, with faster, be more stably transmitted data.By each in CDN
Node server is placed at place, and one layer of intelligent virtual network is built on existing Internet basic.CDN can be in real time according to net
The connection of network flow and each node, load state and to the integrated information such as the distance of user and response time, by user please
Ask and re-direct on the service node nearest from user, user is obtained required content nearby.Internet can be solved using CDN
Crowded situation, improves the response speed that user accesses website.
Multiple CDN nodes are deployed with CDN, each CDN node can provide corresponding service.Wherein CDN node takes
Business is mainly made up of two parts, load balancing service and cache service.Load balancing service is responsible in each node respectively
The pressure of individual buffer service is balanced, it is to avoid the pressure of single cache service is excessive, while can ensure to work as has caching to take in node
When business loses service ability, load balancing can be cut away in time.Cache service is mainly responsible for caching client source station content, rings
Using the access request nearby at family, optimize the route of user, reduce network pressure, improve transmission speed of the data source from client
Degree.
However, at present, the process of CDN node service is disposed on CDN, longer, inefficiency is taken.
The content of the invention
The technical problem that the embodiment of the present invention is solved is how to improve the deployment efficiency of CDN node service.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of automatic deployment method of CDN node service, bag
Include：When receiving container startup order, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained, and open
First container is moved, wherein：It is separate between first container, each other in the absence of data-interface；Described
After one container starts, information of container and host's machine information are obtained, the information of container includes container running status；When the container
When running status indicates that first container is in starting state, the service that can be provided to first container carries out outside clothes
Business is checked；When inspection result, which characterizes first container, normally to provide service, nodal information is sent equal to overall situation load
Weighing apparatus so that the node is added to corresponding acceleration region by the GSLB according to the nodal information.
Alternatively, the mirror image made as mirror image application software of the server according to needed for CDN node service provided and
The corresponding configuration information generation of the application software.
Alternatively, methods described also includes：Test operating in the progress Back ground Information of the mirror image on CDN test nodes
Card, and the mirror image is distributed to corresponding mirror image server after being proved to be successful.
Alternatively, it is described that the mirror image is distributed to corresponding mirror image server after being proved to be successful, including：Using CDN
The mirror image is distributed to corresponding mirror image server by pipeline.
Alternatively, the Back ground Information includes following at least one：The installation version of the corresponding application software of node serve,
External serve port, the corresponding plug-in unit of node serve and plug-in version, the corresponding configuration information of each application software and plug-in card configuration
Information.
Alternatively, first container is Docker containers, and the mirror image is Docker mirror images.
Alternatively, the mirror image makes application software and the application of the server according to needed for the service that node is provided
The corresponding configuration information of software generates the corresponding mirror image of first container, including：Run second container；In the second container
The middle application software installed needed for the node serve；Instruction is created according to mirror image and creates the Docker mirror images.
Alternatively, the second container is community's Enterprise Operation System container.
Alternatively, the mirror image makes server, application software according to needed for the service that node is provided and it is described should
The corresponding mirror image of first container is generated with the corresponding configuration information of software, including：Created by the way of container command file
Build Docker mirror images.
Alternatively, it is described to create Docker mirror images by the way of container command file, including：The node serve is installed
Required application software；The corresponding configuration information of the application software is changed, the configuration information includes：Rely on package informatin and end
Mouth configuration information；Configure the corresponding plug-in unit bag of each application software and plug-in unit bag configuration information.
Alternatively, it is described when receiving container startup order, obtain the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services
Corresponding mirror image, and start first container, including：When receiving container startup order, the CDN of deployment services is treated in detection
Node locally whether there is the mirror image；When there is the mirror image, the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained
Corresponding mirror image, and start first container.
Alternatively, it is described when receiving container startup order, obtain the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services
Corresponding mirror image, in addition to：When locally the mirror image is not present in the CDN node of deployment services, from nearest mirroring service
Device downloads the mirror image, is directed into the CDN node locally, and start first container.
Alternatively, it is described after first container startup, information of container and host's machine information are obtained, including：Receive institute
State the information of container and host's machine information that the first container is collected.
Alternatively, the information of container also includes：The corresponding serve port of each service that the container can be provided.
Alternatively, the host information includes：Host Internet protocol address and host title.
Alternatively, it is described when indicating that the container is in starting state in the information of container, to first container
The service that can be provided carries out external service inspection, including：Service is can be provided to first container and carries out file transmission survey
Examination or file download test, and receive the access state code of return；When received access state code and default access shape
When state code is consistent, confirm that inspection result characterizes first container and can normally provide service.
Alternatively, the service that the node is provided includes：Local load balancing is serviced and cache service.
Alternatively, methods described also includes：Sent by nodal information to GSLB, when receiving node
When service upgrade is instructed, former first container of the node serve is deleted, corresponding new mirror after the node serve upgrading is downloaded
Picture, and start corresponding first container of the new mirror image.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of automatic deployment device of CDN node, including：Receiving unit, first obtain single
Member, start unit, second acquisition unit, inspection unit and transmitting element, wherein：The receiving unit, suitable for receiving container
Start order；The first acquisition unit, deployment clothes are treated suitable for when the receiving unit receives container enabled instruction, obtaining
The corresponding mirror image of the first container in the CDN node of business, wherein, it is separate between first container, do not deposit each other
In data-interface；The start unit, suitable for starting first container；The second acquisition unit, suitable for described first
After container starts, information of container and host's machine information are obtained, the information of container includes container running status；The checklist
Member, suitable for that when the container running status indicates that first container is in starting state, can be carried to first container
The service of confession carries out external service inspection；The transmitting element, suitable for can normally be carried when inspection result characterizes first container
During for service, nodal information is sent to GSLB so that the GSLB will according to the nodal information
The node is added to corresponding acceleration region.
Alternatively, the corresponding mirror image of first container makes server according to CDN node service provided institute by mirror image
The corresponding configuration information generation of application software and the application software needed.
Alternatively, described device also includes：Authentication unit and Dispatching Unit, wherein：The authentication unit, suitable for operation
The corresponding mirror image of first container on CDN test nodes carries out Back ground Information checking；The Dispatching Unit, suitable for testing
The mirror image is distributed to corresponding mirror image server after demonstrate,proving successfully.
Alternatively, the Dispatching Unit, suitable for the mirror image is distributed into corresponding mirror image server using CDN pipelines.
Alternatively, the Back ground Information includes following at least one：The installation version of the corresponding application software of node serve,
External serve port, the corresponding plug-in unit of node serve and plug-in version, the corresponding configuration information of each application software and plug-in card configuration
Information.
Alternatively, first container is Docker containers, and the mirror image is Docker mirror images.
Alternatively, the mirror image makes server and is suitable to run second container, and the section is installed in the second container
Application software needed for point service, creates instruction according to mirror image and creates the Docker mirror images.
Alternatively, the second container is community's Enterprise Operation System container.
Alternatively, the mirror image is made server and is suitable to be created Docker mirror images by the way of container command file.
Alternatively, the mirror image makes server and is suitable to install the application software needed for the node serve, and change is described
The corresponding configuration information of application software, the configuration information includes：Package informatin and port configuration information are relied on, each application is configured soft
The corresponding plug-in unit bag of part and plug-in unit bag configuration information.
Alternatively, the first acquisition unit, suitable for when the receiving unit receives container enabled instruction, detection is treated
The CDN node of deployment services locally whether there is the mirror image, when there is the mirror image, obtain the CDN sections for treating deployment services
The corresponding mirror image of the first container on point.
Alternatively, the first acquisition unit, is further adapted for when the mirror image is locally not present in the CDN node for treating deployment services
When, the mirror image is downloaded from nearest mirror image server, the CDN node is directed into local.
Alternatively, the second acquisition unit, suitable for receive the information of container that is collected of the first container and place
Host information.
Alternatively, the inspection unit, suitable for first container can be provided service carry out file transmission test or
File download is tested, and receives the access state code of return；When received access state code and default access state code
When consistent, confirm that inspection result characterizes first container and can normally provide service.
Alternatively, the service that the node is provided includes：Local load balancing is serviced and cache service.
Alternatively, described device also includes：Upgrade unit, suitable for by nodal information send to GSLB it
Afterwards, when receiving node serve upgrade command, former first container of the node serve is deleted, the node serve liter is downloaded
Corresponding new mirror image after level, and start corresponding first container of the new mirror image.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of automatic deployment device of CDN node service, including memory and processor, institute
The computer instruction that is stored with and can run on the processor on memory is stated, the processor runs the computer and referred to
The step of automatic deployment method of any of the above-described described CDN node service is performed when making.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer-readable recording medium, is stored thereon with computer instruction, the meter
The step of automatic deployment method of any of the above-described described CDN node service is performed during calculation machine instruction operation.
Compared with prior art, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that：
When receiving container startup order, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained,
And start first container.When first container is in starting state, the service that can be provided to first container
Carry out external service inspection, when inspection result, which characterizes first container, normally to provide service, by nodal information send to
GSLB so that the node is added to corresponding accelerating region by the GSLB according to the nodal information
Domain, so that the automatic deployment to node serve is completed, when needing to dispose node serve on multiple nodes, it is only necessary to obtain correspondence
Mirror image and run corresponding first container, and need not be required to that corresponding software is installed every time, and node serve be matched somebody with somebody
Confidence breath is reconfigured, and is reduced the node serve deployment spent time so as to effective, is improved deployment efficiency.
Further, mirror image is distributed to by corresponding mirror image server using CDN pipelines, the distribution effect of mirror image can be improved
Rate, and during follow-up other nodes needs mirror image, shorten the duration for downloading the mirror image.
Further, Docker containers are a kind of containers of light weight virtualization, can provide the isolation work(of similar virtual machine
Can, and a kind of union file system technical management mirror image of layering has been used, environment O＆M process can be greatly simplified.
Further, when receiving node serve upgrade command, it is necessary to when upgrading to the service of CDN node, it is only necessary to
Former first container of deletion of node service, downloads corresponding new mirror image after node serve upgrading, and run corresponding first container
, updating operation is fast and simple, takes less.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the automatic deployment method of CDN node service in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of CDN node in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the automatic deployment method of another CDN node service in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the automatic deployment method of another CDN node service in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of the automatic deployment device of CDN node service in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
At present, generally dispose CDN node using following several ways and CDN node server is checked：
Mode one：Manually dispose node and progress service inspection.It is manual that usual operation maintenance personnel logs in remote node server
Related software is installed, then changes the configuration file of service, confirms to complete the deployment of CDN node finally by the mode of order, and
Service can be successfully provided.
Mode two：Using automation tools by service arrangement to node, and perform various sense commands or check script
Confirm whether CDN node possesses service ability.Wherein, automation tools can be Ansible, SaltStack or Puppet etc..
However, the corresponding technical scheme of mode one has the following disadvantages：, it is necessary to by platform during the CDN node for needing increase new
Node server is operated, deployment process it is quite cumbersome, and check node whether have service ability when easily go out
It is wrong.
Mode two is relative to mode one, although can carry out the time needed for automatization of service installation, but service installation
And the workload of service inspection is not reduced, deployment efficiency is still relatively low.
As the variation of operating system brings certain fiber crops to automation tools to carry out service arrangement and service inspection
It is tired.Such as：The order of software, Enterprise Operation System (the Community Enterprise in community are installed in operating system
Operating System, CentOS) on install Nginx service generally using front-end software install package manager installation order
(yum install), and to have configured in advance front-end software install package manager (yum) source could use；And in Wu Bantu
(ubuntu) Nginx is installed on and generally uses Deb package managers installation order (apt-get install), equally to be matched somebody with somebody in advance
Deb package managers (apt-get) source is put.
Software is installed and checks that service will need extra management over time.For example：The installation of Nginx services
There are different customized versions, such a Nginx services for different platforms (page platform, download platform, live platform)
Multiple deployment scripts are just had, it is necessary to check deployed environment when the scheme of employing mode two is disposed, and tool are judged
Which mode body uses, and flow is still relatively complicated.
To sum up, longer, inefficiency is taken in deployment CDN node and the process checked node serve at present.
To solve the above problems, in embodiments of the present invention, when receiving container startup order, deployment services are treated in acquisition
CDN node on the corresponding mirror image of the first container, and start first container.Starting state is in first container
When, the service that can be provided to first container carries out external service inspection, when inspection result characterizes the first container energy
During normal offer service, nodal information is sent to GSLB so that the GSLB is according to the node
The node is added to corresponding acceleration region by information, so that the automatic deployment to node serve is completed, when needs are multiple
When disposing node serve on node, it is only necessary to obtain corresponding mirror image and run corresponding first container, and need not be equal every time
Corresponding software is installed, and node serve configuration information is reconfigured, node serve portion is reduced so as to effective
Administration's spent time, improve deployment efficiency.
Become apparent for the above-mentioned purpose, feature and beneficial effect that enable the embodiment of the present invention it is understandable, with reference to attached
Figure is described in detail to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Reference picture 1, gives a kind of flow chart of the automatic deployment method of CDN node service in the embodiment of the present invention.Under
Face is described in detail with reference to specific steps.
Step 11, when receiving container startup order, the first container correspondence treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained
Mirror image, and start first container.
In specific implementation, when receiving container and starting order, the in the CDN node for treating deployment services can be obtained
The corresponding mirror image of one container, and start first container.Wherein, it is separate between first container, each other not
There is data-interface, namely use sandbox mechanism.
In specific implementation, receive after container enabled instruction, can check that the CDN node for treating deployment services is originally on the ground
The no mirror image that has been stored with.When be stored with the CDN node whne deployment services the mirror image when, start it is described first hold
Device.
When originally the mirror image is not present on the ground in the CDN node of deployment services, institute is downloaded from mirror image server nearby
Mirror image is stated, and the mirror image of download is directed into the CDN node locally, starts first container.
In an embodiment of the present invention, first container is Docker containers, and the mirror image is Docker mirror images.
Docker containers are a kind of containers of light weight virtualization, can provide the isolation features of similar virtual machine, and used a kind of point
The union file system technical management mirror image of layer, can greatly simplify environment O＆M process.
In specific implementation, it would however also be possible to employ other are independent each other, and the class of data-interface is not present each other
The container of type, is not repeated herein.
In specific implementation, the node treats that deployment services can be in local load balancing service and cache service
At least one.
In an embodiment of the present invention, local load balancing service can be provided using Nginx application software, used
Apache buffer services (Apache Traffic Server, ATS) application software provides cache service.
Step 12, after first container startup, information of container and host's machine information are obtained.
In specific implementation, after first container starts, the information of container and host's machine information can be obtained.
In specific implementation, the container state information and host's machine information can be collected by first container
's.
In specific implementation, the information of container can include：The running status of the container.The container running status
Can include it is following any one：Starting state, halted state and destruction state etc..The information of container can also include：Institute
State the corresponding serve port of each service that container can be provided.For example, the corresponding service of each service that the container can be provided
Port can be Nginx serve ports, ATS serve ports etc..
In specific implementation, host's machine information can include：Host Internet protocol address and host title.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the application software with information collection function can be installed in the first container, led to
Installed application software is crossed to gather the container state information and host's machine information.For example, the application software is flat for cloud
Platform application application software (Cloudapp).
For example, after the Docker containers start, can not only start Nginx services, ATS services can also be started, also
Cloudapp services can be started.Cloudapp services can gather host Internet protocol address (IP), host title,
ATS serve ports and container running status etc. in Nginx serve ports, container in container.
Step 13, when the container running status indicates that first container is in starting state, hold to described first
The service that device can be provided carries out external service inspection.
In specific implementation, before mirror image is uploaded into mirror image server, the Back ground Information of the mirror image can be entered
Row detection, and confirm that Back ground Information is correct.Hereafter, the basis in container need not can be believed using the container of same image starting
Breath is checked that the service that need to only can be provided to first container carries out external service inspection, to ensure that described first holds
Device normally can externally provide corresponding service.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the service that can be provided in the following way to first container carries out outside clothes
Business is checked：Service is can be provided to first container and carries out file transmission or file download test, and receives the access of return
Conditional code.When received access state code is consistent with default access state code, confirm that inspection result characterizes described hold
Device can normally provide service.
For example, when installing ATS services, increasing a text.html file newly in corresponding web catalogues, being passed using file
Defeated instrument curl carries out file transmission test, or carries out file download test using file download tool wget.Return when tested
When the access state code 200 returned is consistent with default access state code 200, confirm that first container can normally provide clothes
Business.
Step 14, when inspection result, which characterizes first container, normally to provide service, nodal information is sent to complete
Office's load balancing.
In specific implementation, when inspection result shows that the container normally can provide service, nodal information can be sent out
Deliver to GSLB (Gobal Server Load Balance, GSLB).GSLB can add node according to nodal information
Add to corresponding acceleration region.
In specific implementation, province, city, operator, the maximum that can be carried where the nodal information can include node
Bandwidth, bandwidth redundancy of place computer room etc..Node can be placed on corresponding acceleration by the GSLB according to the nodal information
Region.In specific implementation, CDN node can be referred to as node.
In specific implementation, after node is added into corresponding acceleration region, GSLB can be according to the visit of user terminal
Request is asked, on the node that access request is gone to correspondence acceleration region.
By such scheme, when receiving container startup order, the first container pair treated on the node of deployment services is obtained
The mirror image answered, and start first container.When first container is in starting state, first container can be carried
The service of confession carries out external service inspection, and when inspection result, which characterizes first container, normally to provide service, node is believed
Breath is sent to GSLB so that the node is added to corresponding acceleration region by the GSLB according to the nodal information, so that
The automatic deployment to node serve is completed, when needing to dispose node serve on multiple nodes, it is only necessary to obtain corresponding mirror image
And corresponding first container is run, and need not be required to that corresponding software is installed every time, and to node serve configuration information
Reconfigured, reduce the node serve deployment spent time so as to effective, improve deployment efficiency.
Using such scheme, the node serve automatic deployment of CDN node can be completed, in specific implementation, in a CDN
One or more hosts can be set on node.Due to carrying out node serve deployment using container mode, therefore each host
On one or more node serves can be disposed according to user's request, that is to say that one or more first are disposed on host holds
Device.The node serve that each first container is provided can accelerate service to be live, or webpage accelerates service, can be with
Accelerate service etc. for program request.
Reference picture 2, gives a kind of structural representation of CDN node in the embodiment of the present invention.Disposed in the CDN node
There are 2 hosts, respectively host 1 and host 2.Docker containers 1 and Docker containers 2 are deployed with host 1.
Docker containers 3 and Docker containers 4 are deployed with host 2.Hold in Docker containers 1, Docker containers 2, Docker
Corresponding application software can be separately installed with device 3 and Docker containers 4, corresponding Nginx services and ATS clothes can be provided
Business.
In specific implementation, accessed mirror image can make server by mirror image and be carried according to node in a step 11
For the application software needed for service and the corresponding configuration information generation of the application software.
For example, first container is Docker containers, the mirror image is Docker mirror images, and the mirror image makes server
The corresponding configuration information of application software and the application software according to needed for node service provided carries out layout, makes one
The Docker mirror images of standard, and open the corresponding Docker containers of the Docker mirror images.
In specific implementation, the mirror image can be made using various ways.
In an embodiment of the present invention, second container is run, needed for the node serve is installed in the second container
Application software, instruction is created according to mirror image and creates the mirror image.
For example, one CentOS containers of operation, into container after operation Nginx and ATS order is respectively mounted to install pair
The Nginx application software and ATS application software answered.Mirror image is created using Commit orders.It is understood that can also use
Other kinds of container is as second container, and here is omitted.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, Docker mirrors are created by the way of container command file (Dockerfile)
Picture.
For example, installing the corresponding application software of node serve, such as ATS application software and Nginx application software.Application software
After installation, the configuration information of application software can be set according to user's request.Application software is installed corresponding slotting
Part bag and setting plug-in unit bag configuration information.Wherein, in the corresponding configuration information of the application software, it can include relying on bag and take
The configuration information of business port.For example, setting Nginx services corresponding port as 80 ports, the port for setting ATS to service is 8800
Port.
In specific implementation, in order to prevent the node of small operator in yum sources from can not download Docker mirror images, it can carry
Download server, and install.
In specific implementation, when creating mirror image first, in order to ensure that the respective services of the mirror image can use, generally need
Mirror image validation check is carried out in a CDN test nodes, to determine service availability.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after the mirror image is generated, the mirror image can be carried out on CDN test nodes
Operation, and the Back ground Information for operating in the mirror image on CDN test nodes is verified, and will be described after being proved to be successful
Mirror image is distributed to corresponding mirror image server.
In specific implementation, the Back ground Information can include following at least one：The corresponding application software of node serve
Installation version, external serve port, the corresponding plug-in unit of node serve and plug-in version, the corresponding configuration information of each application software
And plug-in card configuration information.Back ground Information checking is carried out to first container can include at least one following aspect：
First：The checking of the installation version of application software corresponding to node serve, is to confirm the peace in the mirror image
Dress bag is consistent with the installation kit for needing to be installed on the node.
In an embodiment of the present invention, can using message digest algorithm 5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5,
MD5) whether the installation kit in the confirmation mirror image is consistent with the installation kit for needing to be installed on the node.
Second：The detection of external serve port, detects whether external serve port survives immediately.Wherein described external service
Port can include the first container port and host port.Specifically, check whether first container port survives, can
With in the following way：Performed into first container：Ps-aux | grep nginx check process and the use feelings of port
Condition.Need to check whether service opens if process is not found.Whether host port can be checked by telnet orders
Survival, can also check whether port opens by netstat orders.In addition it is also necessary to confirm the first container port and host
Whether the mapping relations between generator terminal mouthful correspond to.
3rd：The detection of the corresponding plug-in unit of node serve and plug-in version.Usual node serve plug-in unit is generally so files
Or script file, the corresponding plug-in unit of node serve and plug-in version can be checked using file consistence.For example,
Nginx service inspections, into Nginx plug-in unit catalogues, perform MD5 orders, list each MD5 values checked whether with issue
Nginx MD5 values are identical.And for example, plug-in version number is named by way of plugin name+"-v ", by checking plug-in version
Number confirm plug-in version it is whether correct.
4th：The inspection of the corresponding configuration information of each application software and plug-in card configuration information.Can be using the detection of MD5 algorithms
Whether the corresponding configuration information of each application software and plug-in card configuration information are consistent with issue.
In specific implementation, after the Back ground Information checking to the mirror image is completed, the mirror image of generation can be distributed to
Corresponding mirror image server.Wherein it is possible to which the mirror image is distributed into corresponding mirror image server using various ways.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the mirror image can be distributed to by corresponding mirror image server using CDN pipelines.From
And can realize and the mirror image is distributed in each operator node, when the node of so other platforms needs mirror image, Ke Yicong
Mirror image server nearby is downloaded.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the mirror image of generation can be uploaded to mirror image registration center of official (Docker
Hub).But Docker Hub are as mirror site, due to domestic network reason, download mirror image and upload mirror image is slow.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the mirror image of generation can be uploaded to the privately owned mirror site that user builds
In (Docker Registry).However, needing additionally to build one group of service using privately owned mirror site, and need in each fortune
Battalion commercial city will build corresponding service.When downloading mirror image, it is necessary to set extra code to distinguish the operator of each node
The Docker Registry downloaded with operator are serviced.
In actual applications, it is sometimes desirable to which node serve is upgraded.At present, when needing to upgrade to node serve,
Need to be set to whole node on GSLB unavailable manually, then the service to node is upgraded, then is entered
The inspection of row service ability, whole escalation process takes and easily omitted very much.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when receiving node serve upgrade command, the former mirror of the node serve is deleted
Picture, downloads corresponding new mirror image after the node serve upgrading, regard the new mirror image as the mirror image of the node serve, operation
Corresponding first container of the new mirror image.
It is for instance possible to use the mode of roller upgrading carries out node serve upgrading.Specifically, it can close successively old
The node serve of version, and the node serve of redaction is arranged on corresponding node successively.Risen in this way
Level, can ensure the continuity of service in whole escalation process.
In actual applications, it is sometimes desirable to increase a cache server newly for a node.At present, it is manual except needing
New node configuration is installed outer, in addition it is also necessary to by the load-balanced server of the information registerings such as cache server IP to same node
Drawing of laying equal stress on is serviced, it is necessary to which load balancing clothes will be registered in when same existing node needs to delete a certain cache server
The information deletion of business falls and heavy duty service, and whole change process is also very cumbersome time-consuming.Same load-balanced server change is same
Sample cache server is also required to do corresponding configuration change, services heavily loaded and corresponding service ability inspection, relatively complicated.
In embodiments of the present invention, when needing the new newly-increased service in CDN node, carried using the above embodiment of the present invention
The technical scheme of confession, the related service of automatic deployment in the CDN node.When needing to delete some services, it is only necessary to
Corresponding first container is deleted, or stops corresponding first container operation.Due to mutually only between each first container
It is vertical, and data-interface is not present, therefore complicated operation need not be carried out, by starting the first container, the first container of deletion or stopping
Only the first container can just realize the change serviced accordingly, swift to operate and efficiency is higher.
Reference picture 3, gives the flow chart that another CDN node in the embodiment of the present invention services automatic deployment method.
Step 31, Docker containers are started.
In specific implementation, after container enabled instruction is received, corresponding Docker containers can be started.In the present invention
In one embodiment, Docker containers can be managed using container management service device.
Step 32, information of container and host's machine information that Cloudapp application software is sent are received.
Cloudapp application software is installed in Docker containers, the information of container and host's machine information that can be gathered,
And send the information of container collected and host's machine information to container management service device.
Step 33, judge whether the curl access states code returned during Nginx service inspections is 200, and ATS service inspections
When the curl access states code that returns whether be 200.
When judged result when being, to perform step 34, when judged result is no, step 35 is performed.
Step 34, nodal information is sent to GSLG.
Step 35, alarm operation.
When receiving the access state code and inconsistent default access state code 200 of return, alarm can be sent and carried
Wake up and operate, so that user knows type of error according to the access state code of return.
Reference picture 4, gives the flow chart of the automatic deployment method of the CDN node of another in embodiment of the present invention service.
Method provided in an embodiment of the present invention can be used for making mirror image first, enter below so that the first container is Docker containers as an example
Row explanation.
Step 41, node serve mirror image makes.
In specific implementation, server can be made using mirror image by the load balancing service of node and cache service
Required application software, respectively service external serve port and the related configuration file of service carries out layout, generate a mirror
Picture.Open the corresponding container of the mirror image.
Step 42, mirror image validation check.
After mirror image generation, in order to ensure that the corresponding container respective services of mirror image can use, it is necessary to by the mirror image of generation
Run in CDN test nodes, to carry out validation check to the essential information of the mirror image.
In specific implementation, the essential information can include following at least one：The corresponding application software of node serve
Installation version, external serve port, the corresponding plug-in unit of node serve and plug-in version, the corresponding configuration information of each application software
And plug-in card configuration information.Wherein, the content that the essential information includes may exist according to the difference of the demand of user
Difference.It can be specifically adjusted correspondingly according to the actual demand of user.
In specific implementation, the validation check process to the essential information of the mirror image may refer to above-mentioned implementation of the invention
Description in example, is not repeated herein.
Step 43, Docker containers are started.
In specific implementation, after container enabled instruction is received, it can detect CDN node locally with the presence or absence of described
The corresponding mirror image of Docker containers, when there is the mirror image, starts the Docker containers.When CDN node is locally not present
During the mirror image, the mirror image is downloaded from nearest mirror image server, and is directed into CDN node locally, starts the Docker
Container.
Step 44, it is automatic to find service.
In specific implementation, after the Docker containers start, it can automatically start ATS services and Nginx services,
Cloudapp application programs can also be started.The Cloudapp application programs can use information of container and host's machine information,
And collected information of container is reported by HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, HTTP)
And host's machine information.Wherein, container running status can be included in information of container.
Can be that the information reported opens an independent lines after reported information of container and host's machine information is received
Journey, when indicating inactive state according to container operation information, opens after thread, can carry out step 45, Docker containers are entered
Row external service is checked.
Step 45, external service inspection is carried out to Docker containers.
In specific implementation, because the mirror image that downloads to was carrying out Back ground Information checking, therefore same image starting
Container can need not carry out Back ground Information checking, it is only necessary to carry out external service inspection.To ensure that Nginx service base ATS services are equal
It can use.HTTP request can be simulated by the way of curl orders or wget orders to be tested.Receive and return simultaneously
HTTP access states code, when the access state code received is consistent with default access state code, it is determined that the Docker
Service can be normally provided.For example, the access state code 200 returned is consistent with default access state code 200.
For example, so that ATS is serviced as an example, when installing ATS services, increasing a test.html newly under corresponding web catalogues
File.When carrying out curl orders or wget orders test, when receiving backward reference conditional code 200, Docker is confirmed
The ATS services of container are available.
Step 46, service confirms and reports to GSLB.
,, can be by CDN when confirming that each service is available when completing Docker external container service inspections in specific implementation
Nodal information is sent to GSLB.GSLB can according to CDN node information by CDN node be added to corresponding acceleration region.Wherein,
CDN node information can include：Described in CDN node provinces and cities, operator, the maximum carrying bandwidth of CDN node, CDN
Bandwidth redundancy or static view and operator of the provinces and cities table of comparisons of computer room where node etc..
In order to which those skilled in the art are better understood from and realized the embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention also provides one kind
The automatic deployment device of CDN node service.
A kind of structural representation of the automatic deployment device of CDN node service in reference picture 5, the embodiment of the present invention provided
Figure.The automatic deployment device 50 of the CDN node service can include：Receiving unit 51, first acquisition unit 52, start unit
53rd, second acquisition unit 54, inspection unit 55 and transmitting element 56, wherein：
The receiving unit 51, order is started suitable for receiving container；
The first acquisition unit 52, suitable for when the receiving unit 21 receives container enabled instruction, portion is treated in acquisition
The corresponding mirror image of the first container on the node of service is affixed one's name to, and starts first container, wherein, phase between first container
It is mutually independent, each other in the absence of data-interface；
The start unit 53, suitable for starting first container；
The second acquisition unit 54, suitable for after first container startup, obtaining information of container and host's machine information,
The information of container includes container running status；
The inspection unit 55, suitable for when the container running status indicates that first container is in starting state,
The service that can be provided to first container carries out external service inspection；
The transmitting element 56, suitable for when inspection result characterizes first container and normally can provide service, by node
Information is sent to GSLB so that the GSLB according to the nodal information by the node added to pair
The acceleration region answered.
In specific implementation, the corresponding mirror image of first container makes server by mirror image and provided according to CDN node
The corresponding configuration information generation of application software and the application software needed for service.
In specific implementation, the automatic deployment device 50 of the CDN node service can also include：Authentication unit and distribution
Unit (not shown), wherein：
The authentication unit, suitable for carrying out base to operating in the corresponding mirror image of first container on CDN test nodes
Plinth Information Authentication；
The Dispatching Unit, suitable for the mirror image is distributed into corresponding mirror image server after being proved to be successful.
In specific implementation, the Dispatching Unit takes suitable for the mirror image is distributed into corresponding mirror image using CDN pipelines
Business device.
In specific implementation, the Back ground Information includes following at least one：The peace of the corresponding application software of node serve
Lock up sheet, external serve port, the corresponding plug-in unit of node serve and plug-in version, the corresponding configuration information of each application software and insert
Part configuration information.
In specific implementation, first container is Docker containers, and the mirror image is Docker mirror images.
In specific implementation, the mirror image makes server and is suitable to operation second container, is installed in the second container
Application software needed for the node serve, creates instruction according to mirror image and creates the Docker mirror images.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second container is community's Enterprise Operation System container.
In specific implementation, the mirror image is made server and is suitable to be created Docker mirrors by the way of container command file
Picture.
In specific implementation, the mirror image makes server and is suitable to install the application software needed for the node serve, more
Change the corresponding configuration information of the application software, the configuration information includes：Package informatin and port configuration information are relied on, configuration is each
The corresponding plug-in unit bag of application software and plug-in unit bag configuration information.
In specific implementation, the first acquisition unit 52, suitable for receiving container enabled instruction in the receiving unit
When, detection treats that the CDN node of deployment services locally whether there is the mirror image, when there is the mirror image, obtains and treats deployment clothes
The corresponding mirror image of the first container in the CDN node of business.
In specific implementation, the first acquisition unit 52 is further adapted for when the CDN node for treating deployment services is locally not present
During the mirror image, the mirror image is downloaded from nearest mirror image server, the CDN node is directed into local.
In specific implementation, the second acquisition unit 54, suitable for receive the container that is collected of the first container
Information and host's machine information.
In specific implementation, the inspection unit 55 carries out file biography suitable for can be provided service to first container
Defeated test or file download test, and receive the access state code of return；When received test access code is visited with default
When asking that conditional code is consistent, confirm that inspection result characterizes first container and can normally provide service.
The service that the node is provided includes：Local load balancing is serviced and cache service.
The automatic deployment device 50 of the CDN node service can also include：Upgrade unit (not shown), suitable for that will save
Point information is sent to GSLB, when receiving node serve upgrade command, deletes the original of the node serve
First container, downloads corresponding new mirror image after the node serve upgrading, and start corresponding first container of the new mirror image.
In specific implementation, the operation principle and workflow of the automatic deployment device of the CDN node service, Ke Yican
The description in the automatic deployment method of the CDN node service provided in the above embodiment of the present invention is examined, here is omitted.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of automatic deployment device of CDN node service, including memory and processor, institute
The computer instruction that is stored with and can run on the processor on memory is stated, the processor runs the computer and referred to
The step of automatic deployment method of any CDN node service of the above embodiment of the present invention offer is provided when making.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer-readable recording medium, is stored thereon with computer instruction, the meter
The step of the automatic deployment method of any CDN node service of the above embodiment of the present invention offer is provided during calculation machine instruction operation
Suddenly.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the various methods of above-described embodiment is can
To instruct the hardware of correlation to complete by program, the program can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, storage
Medium can include：ROM, RAM, disk or CD etc..
Although present disclosure is as above, the present invention is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art, are not departing from this
In the spirit and scope of invention, it can make various changes or modifications, therefore protection scope of the present invention should be with claim institute
The scope of restriction is defined.
Claims (36)
1. a kind of automatic deployment method of CDN node service, it is characterised in that including：
When receiving container startup order, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained, and open
First container is moved, wherein：It is separate between first container, each other in the absence of data-interface；
After first container startup, information of container and host's machine information are obtained, the information of container includes container and runs shape
State；
When the container running status indicates that first container is in starting state, first container can be provided
Service carries out external service inspection；
When inspection result, which characterizes first container, normally to provide service, nodal information is sent to GSLB,
So that the node is added to corresponding acceleration region by the GSLB according to the nodal information.
2. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mirror image is by mirror image
Make the corresponding configuration information life of application software and the application software of the server according to needed for CDN node service provided
Into.
3. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also include：
Back ground Information checking is carried out to operating in the mirror image on CDN test nodes, and by the mirror image after being proved to be successful
It is distributed to corresponding mirror image server.
4. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described to be proved to be successful
The mirror image is distributed to corresponding mirror image server afterwards, including：
The mirror image is distributed to by corresponding mirror image server using CDN pipelines.
5. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the Back ground Information bag
Include following at least one：Installation version, external serve port, the node serve of the corresponding application software of node serve are corresponding to be inserted
Part and plug-in version, the corresponding configuration information of each application software and plug-in card configuration information.
6. the automatic deployment method of CDN node according to claim 3 service, it is characterised in that first container is
Docker containers, the mirror image is Docker mirror images.
7. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the mirror image makes clothes
The corresponding configuration information generation of application software and the application software of the device according to needed for the service that node is provided of being engaged in described the
The corresponding mirror image of one container, including：
Run second container；
Application software needed for the node serve is installed in the second container；
Instruction is created according to mirror image and creates the Docker mirror images.
8. the automatic deployment method of CDN node according to claim 7 service, it is characterised in that the second container is
Community's Enterprise Operation System container.
9. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the mirror image makes clothes
It is engaged in device, the corresponding configuration information generation of application software and the application software according to needed for the service that node is provided described the
The corresponding mirror image of one container, including：
Docker mirror images are created by the way of container command file.
10. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the use container refers to
The mode of file is made to create Docker mirror images, including：
Application software needed for the node serve is installed；
The corresponding configuration information of the application software is changed, the configuration information includes：Rely on package informatin and port configuration information；
Configure the corresponding plug-in unit bag of each application software and plug-in unit bag configuration information.
11. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to receive appearance
When device starts order, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained, and starts described first and is held
Device, including：
When receiving container startup order, detection treats that the CDN node of deployment services locally whether there is the mirror image；
When there is the mirror image, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained, and start described
First container.
12. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 11, it is characterised in that described to receive
When container starts order, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained, in addition to：
When locally the mirror image is not present in the CDN node of deployment services, the mirror image is downloaded from nearest mirror image server,
It is directed into the CDN node local, and starts first container.
13. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described described first
After container starts, information of container and host's machine information are obtained, including：
Receive the information of container and host's machine information that first container is collected.
14. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the information of container
Also include：The corresponding serve port of each service that the container can be provided.
15. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the host letter
Breath includes：Host Internet protocol address and host title.
16. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to work as the container
When indicating that the container is in starting state in information, the service that can be provided to first container carries out external service inspection
Look into, including：
Service is can be provided to first container and carries out file transmission test or file download test, and receives the access of return
Conditional code；
When received access state code is consistent with default access state code, confirm that inspection result characterizes described first and held
Device can normally provide service.
17. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the node is provided
Service include：Local load balancing is serviced and cache service.
18. the automatic deployment method of CDN node service according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：
Sent by nodal information to GSLB, when receiving node serve upgrade command, delete the section
Former first container of point service, downloads corresponding new mirror image after the node serve upgrading, and it is corresponding to start the new mirror image
First container.
19. a kind of automatic deployment device of CDN node service, it is characterised in that including：Receiving unit, first acquisition unit, open
Moving cell, second acquisition unit, inspection unit and transmitting element, wherein：
The receiving unit, order is started suitable for receiving container；
The first acquisition unit, suitable for when the receiving unit receives container enabled instruction, deployment services are treated in acquisition
The corresponding mirror image of the first container in CDN node, wherein, it is separate between first container, each other in the absence of number
According to interface；
The start unit, suitable for starting first container；
The second acquisition unit, suitable for after first container startup, obtaining information of container and host's machine information, the appearance
Device information includes container running status；
The inspection unit, suitable for when the container running status indicates that first container is in starting state, to described
The service that first container can be provided carries out external service inspection；
The transmitting element, suitable for when inspection result characterizes first container and normally can provide service, nodal information is sent out
Deliver to GSLB so that the GSLB adds the node added to corresponding according to the nodal information
Fast region.
20. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 19, it is characterised in that first container
Corresponding mirror image is made application software and the application software pair of the server according to needed for CDN node service provided as mirror image
The configuration information generation answered.
21. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 20, it is characterised in that also include：Checking is single
Member and Dispatching Unit, wherein：
The authentication unit, suitable for carrying out basic letter to operating in the corresponding mirror image of first container on CDN test nodes
Breath checking；
The Dispatching Unit, suitable for the mirror image is distributed into corresponding mirror image server after being proved to be successful.
22. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 21, it is characterised in that the Dispatching Unit,
Suitable for the mirror image is distributed into corresponding mirror image server using CDN pipelines.
23. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 21, it is characterised in that the Back ground Information
Including following at least one：Installation version, external serve port, the node serve of the corresponding application software of node serve are corresponding
Plug-in unit and plug-in version, the corresponding configuration information of each application software and plug-in card configuration information.
24. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 21, it is characterised in that first container
For Docker containers, the mirror image is Docker mirror images.
25. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 24, it is characterised in that the mirror image makes
Server is suitable to operation second container, the application software needed for the node serve is installed in the second container, according to mirror
The Docker mirror images are created as creating instruction.
26. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 25, it is characterised in that the second container
For community's Enterprise Operation System container.
27. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 24, it is characterised in that the mirror image makes
Server is suitable to create Docker mirror images by the way of container command file.
28. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 27, it is characterised in that the mirror image makes
Server is suitable to install the application software needed for the node serve, changes the corresponding configuration information of the application software, described
Configuration information includes：Package informatin and port configuration information are relied on, the corresponding plug-in unit bag of each application software and the configuration of plug-in unit bag is configured
Information.
29. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 19, it is characterised in that described first obtains
Unit, suitable for when the receiving unit receives container enabled instruction, detection treats whether the CDN node of deployment services locally deposits
In the mirror image, when there is the mirror image, the corresponding mirror image of the first container treated in the CDN node of deployment services is obtained.
30. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 29, it is characterised in that described first obtains
Unit, is further adapted for, when when locally the mirror image is not present in the CDN node of deployment services, institute being downloaded from nearest mirror image server
Mirror image is stated, the CDN node is directed into local.
31. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 19, it is characterised in that described second obtains
Unit, suitable for receive the first container information of container and host's machine information that are collected.
32. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 19, it is characterised in that the inspection unit,
Suitable for can be provided to first container, service carries out file transmission test or file download is tested, and receives the access of return
Conditional code；When received access state code is consistent with default access state code, confirm that inspection result characterizes described the
One container can normally provide service.
33. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 19, it is characterised in that the node is carried
The service of confession includes：Local load balancing is serviced and cache service.
34. the automatic deployment device of CDN node service according to claim 19, it is characterised in that also include：Upgrading is single
Member, suitable for being sent by nodal information to GSLB, when receiving node serve upgrade command, deletes described
Former first container of node serve, downloads corresponding new mirror image after the node serve upgrading, and start the new mirror image correspondence
The first container.
35. be stored with energy on a kind of automatic deployment device of CDN node service, including memory and processor, the memory
Enough computer instructions run on the processor, it is characterised in that the processor is held when running the computer instruction
The step of automatic deployment method of CDN node service described in row any one of claim 1 to 18.
36. a kind of computer-readable recording medium, is stored thereon with computer instruction, it is characterised in that the computer instruction
The step of perform claim requires the automatic deployment method of the CDN node service described in 1 to 18 any one during operation.
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