CN107294391B - Power conversion module and power supply system composed of same - Google Patents

Power conversion module and power supply system composed of same Download PDF

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CN107294391B
CN107294391B CN201710673576.8A CN201710673576A CN107294391B CN 107294391 B CN107294391 B CN 107294391B CN 201710673576 A CN201710673576 A CN 201710673576A CN 107294391 B CN107294391 B CN 107294391B
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input
power conversion
output
conversion module
positive
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CN107294391A (en
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郭启利
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Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
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Mornsun Guangzhou Science and Technology Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/094821 priority patent/WO2019029303A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083Converters characterised by their input or output configuration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a power conversion module and a power supply system composed of the same, wherein each power conversion module is internally provided with two rings: one output grading ring and one input grading ring. The module work with different functions can be realized through simple external wiring. Therefore, a voltage system formed by the power conversion module in input series connection and output parallel connection has the functions of input voltage equalization and output voltage stabilization. The user can directly use the standard module to freely establish the system according to the requirement, the use is flexible, the portability is high, the requirement of the system on the client is low, and the input and the output of the module are directly connected in series and in parallel without professional knowledge.

Description

Power conversion module and power supply system composed of same
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power conversion module and a power supply system, in particular to a power conversion module and a power supply system which are used for occasions of high-voltage input and modularized application.
Background
In an application system of a switching power supply, a high-voltage input occasion, such as a photovoltaic power supply, generally has a wide input range and a high input voltage, and the high voltage can reach 1500V or even higher, so that the rated voltage of a switching tube of a subsequent converter needs to be increased. The high-voltage MOSFET has large on-state resistance, so that the conduction loss is large and the cost is extremely high; some say that can adopt IGBT as the switch tube, although IGBT saturation voltage drop is little, there is the electric current trailing phenomenon, has restricted the improvement of switching frequency, is unfavorable for reducing the volume of transformer and filter (inductance, electric capacity), and in addition cost factor, obviously not good selection.
In order to solve the problem of high input voltage of the photovoltaic switching power supply, some switching power supply manufacturers want to connect power devices in series and in parallel inside the switching power supply, and replace required high-voltage application occasions with a plurality of low-voltage power devices, but the standard switching power supply module limits the selection of users, and general manufacturers can input the power devices in an ultra-wide range in order to reduce the number of product models, so that the cost of the products is increased, but the power devices are designed redundantly for customers. The idea of combining converters has also been thought, but it is generally implemented by using a complicated external control circuit, and the system is complicated and the application is not flexible. Therefore, it is a considerable problem for manufacturers of power modules to directly form a power system required by a client by using standard power modules. If the power supply system can be used, the power supply varieties produced by power supply production companies can be greatly reduced, and the power supply system required by the power supply production companies can be designed by users conveniently.
A power supply system is built by using a standard power supply module, and the most basic method is to adopt series-parallel combination of input/output. Taking two identical power modules as an example, by adopting the input/output series-parallel connection method, the following four power supply systems can be combined:
the system 1: the input is parallel to the output, and the output is parallel to the system;
and (3) system 2: the input is connected in series, and the output is connected in parallel;
and (3) system: the input is parallel to the output, and the output is series system;
and (4) system: the input is connected in series, and the output is connected in series.
Of these four systems, the first system has been widely used. Typical products include a high-power communication power supply system, a high-power UPS system and the like, and other three systems are not applied much.
Each module in the system 2 is preferably independent of the other, i.e. has its own control and power supply, in view of the redundancy requirements. However, each module cannot be made into a precise voltage stabilization of the output voltage as a single standard power supply, because then, the current of each module after the output end is connected in parallel will cause very large unevenness due to the factory setting value error of the module voltage, which will also cause the very large unevenness of each module on the input voltage, thereby affecting the reliability of the module, even damaging the module. Therefore, it is generally impossible to directly connect the input and output of the power modules having a precise voltage stabilization in series and in parallel.
In the existing common topology, forward excitation and flyback both reject the feasibility of an input-series output parallel system in principle. In a common topology, the input impedance of a small signal model of the Royer circuit is positive, and the Royer circuit is suitable for a series-parallel system, but when the Royer circuit is used in a high-voltage system, the selection of a switch tube is difficult, and the Royer circuit is not suitable for the series-parallel system under high voltage.
The size and flexibility of the switching power supply as an energy conversion supply unit of other electronic devices are also concerned, such as a high-power ultra-thin product, the size of a high-voltage device and the size of a transformer seriously affect the height of the whole product. One of the two solutions is to disperse power in a plurality of transformers by using a series-parallel connection mode of the transformers, so that the volume of the transformers is reduced, and the purpose of reducing the volume of the whole switching power supply is achieved; the other idea is series-parallel connection of modules, and power expansion is performed through series-parallel connection of a plurality of low-power modules. However, in the current market, the structure that the input of two modules is connected in series and the output of the two modules is connected in parallel needs to add a current sharing circuit outside the modules, so that the applied external control is complex, a certain professional limitation is brought to customers, and some ordinary customers without electronic specialties cannot simply realize the structure. Or the primary side is connected in series and the secondary side is connected in parallel by using the natural voltage sharing of the topology with the positive impedance characteristic.
In the series-parallel structure mentioned in the utility model with application number 201621402396.3, the series-parallel connection of the asymmetric half-bridge flyback converter switching power supply modules controlled by the open loop is adopted.
Although the above patent can realize simple parallel connection of two switching power supply modules, the output voltage range of the whole system is larger than the input voltage range due to the load regulation rate and the like, so that a secondary voltage stabilizing system needs to be added, which greatly affects the overall efficiency of the system. The utility model discloses a circuit structure is as shown in figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4, wherein figure one is the parallelly connected schematic structure of two module direct input series output, figure 2 is the parallelly connected schematic structure of adding the steady voltage module of two module direct input series output, figure 3 is the parallelly connected schematic structure of a plurality of module direct input series output, figure 4 is the parallelly connected schematic structure of adding the steady voltage module of a plurality of module direct input series output.
The first embodiment of the utility model with application number 201621402396.3 adopts two 60W standard power conversion modules with input voltage range of 120 VDC-240 VDC as a series-parallel connection to form a 120W power supply system, and experimental verification is carried out on the input series-output parallel connection effect under open-loop control. After considering the deviation of the open-loop control parameter, the input voltage precision estimation of the module is reduced, and at this time, the two extreme deviations of the control parameter and the two extreme deviations of the power level parameter can be combined into a new two extreme module according to the size of the module gain. Theoretically, the two modules a and B with the maximum gain and the minimum gain correspond to the following parameters:
the module with the largest gain: l ism(min),Lr(min),Cr(min),Dmac,fs(min)
The module with the smallest gain: l ism(max),Lr(max),Cr(max),Dmin,fs(max)
The five parameters described above were combined into the following five sets of experimental parameters:
combination 1: input series/output parallel experiment with power stage and control both being nominal parameters
Module A parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=7uH,Cr=0.27uF,D=0.5,fs=100KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=7uH,Cr=0.27uF,D=0.5,fs=100KHz
And (3) combination 2: input series/output parallel experiment with power level and duty ratio as nominal parameters and switching frequency as up and down deviation respectively
Module A parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=7uH,Cr=0.27uF,D=0.5,fs=90KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=7uH,Cr=0.27uF,D=0.5,fs=110KHz
And (3) combination: input series/output parallel experiment with power level and switching frequency as nominal parameters and duty ratio as up-down deviation respectively
Module A parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=7uH,Cr=0.27uF,D=0.55,fs=100KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=7uH,Cr=0.27uF,D=0.45,fs=100KHz
And (4) combination: input series/output parallel experiment with switching frequency and duty ratio as nominal parameters and power level parameters as up-down deviation respectively
Module A parameters: l ism=130.5uH,Lr=6.3uH,Cr=0.22uF,D=0.5,fs=100KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=159.5uH,Lr=7.7uH,Cr=0.22uF,D=0.5,fs=100KHz
And (3) combination 5: input series/output parallel experiment with duty ratio as nominal parameter and power level parameter and switching frequency as up-down deviation respectively
Module A parameters: l ism=130.5uH,Lr=6.3uH,Cr=0.22uF,D=0.55,fs=90KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=159.5uH,Lr=7.7uH,Cr=0.22uF,D=0.45,fs=110KHz
The experimental data of the input voltage-sharing effect and the output current-sharing effect of the system are shown in tables 1 and 2, the combination 1 is data with good consistency of the two modules, and the data can be seen that the input voltage-sharing precision is within 1% and the current-sharing precision is within +/-1% on the basis of ensuring the consistency, and even if the inconsistency of the two modules is considered, the voltage-sharing precision and the current-sharing precision are within +/-10%. Table 3 shows the output voltage values for various parameter combinations under different input voltages and full output load.
TABLE 1 maximum input voltage grading accuracy for various parameter combinations at different input voltages
Pressure equalizing precision Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4 Combination 5
Vg=300V ±0.67% ±1.23% ±8.7% ±6.8% ±5.6%
Vg=400V ±0.38% ±1.20% ±8.2% ±6.8% ±5.5%
Vg=530V ±0.15% ±1.21% ±8.0% ±6.9% ±5.6%
TABLE 2 full-load output current sharing accuracy for various parameter combinations under different input voltages
Precision of current sharing Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4 Combination 5
Vg=300V ±0.10% ±0.92% ±8.5% ±6.6% ±6.1%
Vg=400V ±0.12% ±1.30% ±7.9% ±7.0% ±7.4%
Vg=530V ±0.25% ±1.63% ±7.6% ±7.3% ±6.9%
TABLE 3 output Voltage (V) for various parameter combinations under different input voltages and full output load conditions
Output voltage Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4 Combination 5
Vg=300V 13.99 13.97 13.95 13.63 14.52
Vg=400V 19.28 19.25 19.24 18.81 19.99
Vg=530V 25.93 25.91 25.89 25.26 26.81
It can be seen from the above three tables that the input voltage-sharing and output current-sharing precision of the two modules can be satisfied after the input of the two modules are connected in series and the output of the two modules are connected in parallel, but the output voltage range is larger than the input voltage range, and the bus voltage range of the current ACDC is about 5:1, so that the design difficulty of the voltage stabilizing module at the rear stage is very high.
SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the input voltage-sharing and output current-sharing requirements in the power supply system with input series connection and output parallel connection are achieved, the high-output voltage precision can be guaranteed, the direct series-parallel connection of a plurality of modules is achieved, the power supply system is more flexible, compared with a two-stage scheme, the efficiency is higher, the output is more stable, and the influence of topology is avoided. The modularization idea is introduced, and the input stage adopts a mode of connecting a plurality of modules in series, so that the voltage stress of each module can be greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a power conversion module comprising internally: the power conversion circuit comprises a main power circuit, a control driving circuit, a loop isolation circuit, an original secondary side isolation circuit, an input voltage sampling circuit, an input equalizing ring and an output voltage stabilizing ring, wherein terminals of the power conversion module at least comprise but are not limited to the following: positive input end, negative input end, positive output end, negative output end, signal output positive, signal input positive, output voltage sampling terminal.
The connection relationship is as follows: two input ends of the main power circuit are respectively connected to the positive input end and the negative input end, and are output to the positive output end and the negative output end through power conversion of the main power circuit to form output voltage;
the two input ends of the input voltage sampling circuit are respectively connected to the positive input end and the negative input end and are used for sampling input voltage, and the output end of the input voltage sampling circuit is simultaneously connected to the signal output positive end of the power conversion module and one input end of the input equalizing ring;
the other input end of the input equalizing ring is connected to the signal input positive end of the power conversion module, and the output end of the input equalizing ring is connected to the control driving circuit through one input end of the loop isolation circuit so as to generate a driving signal which changes along with the corresponding input equalizing loop to control a switching tube in the main power circuit, so that the equalizing loop of the power conversion module is formed.
An output voltage sampling terminal of the power conversion module is connected to an input end of the output voltage stabilizing ring, an output end of the output voltage stabilizing ring is connected to the control driving circuit through the primary and secondary side isolating circuits and the other input end of the loop isolating circuit in sequence, and the control driving circuit generates a driving signal which changes along with the corresponding output voltage stabilizing loop to control a switching tube in the main power circuit, so that the voltage stabilizing loop of the power conversion module is formed.
Input voltage sampling circuit, input equalizer ring, control drive circuit three and main power circuit's primary side are earthed altogether, promptly: the signal input positive, the signal output positive and the input voltage share a reference voltage; the output voltage stabilizing ring is connected with the secondary side of the main power circuit in common, namely: the output voltage sampling terminal and the output voltage of the power conversion module share a reference voltage.
Preferably, the main power circuit may employ an asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology.
Preferably, two switching tubes in the asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology are MOS tubes or triodes.
Preferably, the driving pulse signals of the two switching tubes in the asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology are staggered by a dead time for preventing common short circuit.
Preferably, the dead time between the driving pulse signals of the two switching tubes in the asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology is 300 nS.
The application of the technical scheme is as follows: the output voltage sampling terminal can be connected with the negative output end, and the function of the output voltage stabilizing ring is shielded.
The application of the technical scheme is as follows: the positive and negative input ends of the signal input can be connected to shield the input grading ring.
A power supply system composed of the power conversion modules includes N (N is a natural number greater than 1) power conversion modules, each of which further includes, but is not limited to, the following outgoing terminals: the signal output positive terminal, the signal input positive terminal, the signal output negative terminal, the signal output positive terminal, the signal output negative terminal and the signal output positive output terminal;
the positive input end of the first power conversion module is used as the positive input end of the power supply system, the signal output of the first power conversion module is suspended, the negative input end of the first power conversion module is connected with the positive input end of the second power conversion module, the negative input end of the second power conversion module is connected with the positive input end of the third power conversion module, and so on, the negative input end of the (N-1) th power conversion module is connected with the positive input end of the Nth power conversion module; the signal input of the first power conversion module is positively connected with the signal output of the second power conversion module, the signal input of the second power conversion module is positively connected with the signal output of the third power conversion module, and so on, the signal input of the (N-1) th power conversion module is positively connected with the signal output of the (N) th power conversion module, and the signal input of the (N) th power conversion module is connected with the negative input end of the (N) th power conversion module and serves as the negative input end of the power supply system;
the positive output ends of the N power conversion modules are connected and then used as the positive output end of the power supply system, and the negative output ends of the N power conversion modules are connected and then used as the negative output end of the power supply system. And the output voltage sampling terminal of the Nth power conversion module is connected with the positive output end of the power supply system, and the output voltage sampling terminals of the rest N-1 power conversion modules are connected with the negative output end of the power supply system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the module is internally provided with two loops which can be selectively used according to different requirements;
(2) the input-series output-parallel system can be conveniently formed, and the input-series output-parallel system has stable voltage output and input voltage current sharing precision;
(3) the invention adopts the modular thinking, and can split the system into N identical standard modules;
(4) the voltage stress and the current stress of a single standardized module are low, so that the cost of the device can be reduced;
(5) the user can directly use the standard module to freely establish the system according to the requirement, the use is flexible, the portability is high, the requirement of the system on the client is low, the input and the output of the module are directly connected in series and in parallel, and the professional knowledge is not needed;
(6) the required power supply system is formed by using the standard power supply module, so that the product model is reduced, and the product management cost is reduced;
(7) and a direct-current voltage small signal is adopted between each standard module, and a multi-module input series and output parallel system is easy to arrange plates and cannot generate mutual interference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a dual-module input-series output-parallel system of the utility model with application number 201621402396.3;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a dual-module input-series output parallel system with a voltage regulator module, applied under the reference 201621402396.3;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an input-series-output-parallel system of N standard modules of the utility model with application number 201621402396.3;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an input-series-output parallel system with N standard modules of a voltage regulator module according to the utility model application No. 201621402396.3;
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the power conversion module of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an external pin diagram of the power conversion module of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a connection diagram of a power system with dual power conversion modules connected in series at their inputs and in parallel at their outputs;
FIG. 8 is a connection diagram of a power system with inputs connected in series and outputs connected in parallel for N power conversion modules;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a single power conversion module connected for output regulated mode operation;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a single power conversion module connected in an input voltage sharing mode of operation;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a single module in the input series output parallel system of the first embodiment;
figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment input strap.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a novel power conversion module and a power supply system composed of the same, wherein a double-loop control system is contained in the power conversion module, namely two loops exist in one power supply system, one loop is used for controlling output voltage to be stable, the other loop is used for controlling voltage sharing of input voltages of modules of N modules of an input-series output-parallel system, the two loops are referred to as an output voltage stabilizing loop and an input voltage equalizing loop for short, and the two loops do not work simultaneously in the same module and need to be connected externally to form an output voltage stabilizing working mode and an input voltage equalizing working mode respectively, such as an external terminal connection mode shown in fig. 9 and fig. 10, a connection mode of an output voltage stabilizing working mode shown in fig. 9 and a connection mode of an input voltage equalizing working mode shown in fig. 10.
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a power conversion module according to the present invention, wherein a main power circuit is used for input/output voltage isolation conversion; the control driving circuit provides a control signal for the main power circuit; the loop isolation circuit is used for isolating the input equalizing ring and the output voltage stabilizing ring; the original secondary side isolation circuit carries out isolation transmission on signals; the input equalizing ring enables the input voltages of all the power conversion modules in the input series output parallel power supply system to be equal; the output voltage stabilizing loop is used for stabilizing output voltage; the input voltage sampling circuit is used for collecting the input voltage of the power conversion module, and the input and output signals of the input voltage sampling circuit are in a linear relation. The main working principle is described as follows:
when the modules are connected in an output regulated mode of operation, as shown in fig. 9, the input grading ring is inactive by connecting the positive signal input terminal of the power conversion module to the negative input terminal, and the output voltage sampling terminal of the power conversion module is connected to the positive output voltage terminal to sample the output voltage. Therefore, the power conversion module only has one output voltage stabilizing ring, and the working process of the power conversion module is the same as that of a common switching power supply, so that the details are not repeated.
When the modules are connected in the input voltage-sharing mode, as shown in fig. 10, the output voltage-sharing ring is not functional, which is realized by connecting the output voltage sampling terminal of the power conversion module with the negative output terminal, the signal input positive terminal of the power conversion module is connected with the signal output positive terminal of another power conversion module (as a loop sampling signal), and in the input voltage-sharing ring module in the power conversion module, the signal output positive terminal of the power conversion module (as a loop reference signal) is compared with the signal output positive terminal of the other power conversion module to generate a loop signal for controlling the duty ratio. Therefore, the power conversion module only has one input equalizing ring, the loop sampling signal is different from the loop reference signal, and other working processes are the same as those of a common switching power supply, and are not described again.
First embodiment
The working principle of the power supply system of the first embodiment of the patent of the invention is as follows:
fig. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power conversion module according to the present invention.
The power conversion module includes: the circuit comprises a main power circuit, an input voltage sampling circuit, a control drive circuit, a loop isolation circuit, an original secondary side isolation circuit, an input equalizing ring and an output voltage stabilizing ring; at least 7 terminals: positive input terminal Vg +, negative input terminal Vg-, positive output terminal Vo +, negative output terminal Vo-, signal input positive Vg _ s _ in +, signal output positive Vg _ s _ out +, and output voltage sampling terminal Vo _ s.
Two input ends of the main power circuit are respectively connected to Vg + and Vg-, two output ends of the main power circuit are respectively connected to Vo + and Vo-, two input ends of the input voltage sampling circuit are respectively connected to Vg + and Vg-, an output end of the input voltage sampling circuit is simultaneously connected to Vg _ s _ out + and one input end of the input equalizing ring, the other input end of the input equalizing ring is connected to Vg _ s _ in +, and an output end of the input equalizing ring is connected to the control driving circuit through the loop isolation circuit so as to generate a driving signal which changes along with a corresponding loop to control a switch tube in the main power circuit. An output voltage sampling terminal of the power conversion module is connected to an input end of an output voltage stabilizing ring, an output end of the output voltage stabilizing ring is connected to a control driving circuit through another input end of the original secondary side isolating circuit and the other input end of the loop isolating circuit in sequence, and the control driving circuit generates a driving signal which changes along with a corresponding loop to control a switching tube in the main power circuit.
The internal components and the connection relationship of each submodule are as follows:
a main power circuit: an asymmetric half-bridge flyback power stage topology in the prior art can be adopted, and the topology consists of a capacitor Cin, switches S1 and S2, an inductor Lr, a capacitor Cr, a transformer T, a primary winding Np of the transformer, a secondary winding Ns of the transformer, a diode D1, a capacitor C1, an inductor L1 and a capacitor C2; the positive electrode of the capacitor Cin is connected with Vg +, the negative electrode of the capacitor Cin is connected with Vg-, and the Vg-is connected with the primary side grounding end; the drain electrode of the switch S1 is connected with the connection point of the capacitor Cin and the positive input end Vg +, the source electrode of the switch S1 is connected with one end of the inductor Lr, the source electrode of the switch S1 is also connected with the drain electrode of the switch S2, the source electrode of the switch S2 is connected with the primary side grounding end, and the other end of the inductor Lr is connected with the same name end of the primary side winding Np of the transformer; one end of a capacitor Cr is connected with the synonym end of a primary winding Np of the transformer, the other end of the capacitor Cr is connected with a primary grounding end, the synonym end of a secondary variable winding Ns of the transformer is connected with the anode of a diode D1, the cathode of a diode D1 is connected with the anode of a capacitor C1 and one end of an inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with the anode of a capacitor C2 to form a positive output end Vo +, the homonymous end of the secondary variable winding Ns of the transformer is connected with the cathode of a capacitor C1 and the cathode of a capacitor C2 and is connected into the secondary grounding end to form a negative output end Vo-.
The control driving circuit adopts a circuit commonly used in the prior art and consists of a control chip UC3843, a driving circuit, a current sampling circuit, a capacitor Cq1, a capacitor Cq2, a capacitor Ct, a capacitor Cv2, a resistor Rt, a resistor Rv1, a resistor Rv2, a resistor Rv3, a resistor R3, a diode D2 and a diode D3; one end of a capacitor Cq1 is connected with a power supply pin Vcc and a voltage Vcc _ p of a chip UC3843, the Vcc pin of the chip UC3843 is controlled to get power from the power supply Vcc _ p, and the other end of the capacitor Cq1 is simultaneously connected with a grounding pin GND and a primary side grounding end of the chip UC 3843; the driving circuit is connected with an output pin OUT of the chip UC3843, and outputs two driving signals Vgs1 and Vgs2 to gates of the switch S1 and the switch S2, respectively, so as to provide switching control signals for the switch S1 and the switch S2. In order to prevent the two switching tubes in the asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology from sharing a short circuit, the dead time of one needs to be staggered between the two driving signals, and the value of the embodiment is 300 nS; a first input end and a second input end of the current sampling circuit are connected with two ends of a capacitor Cr of the main power circuit in parallel, and an output end of the current sampling circuit is connected with a CS pin of a control chip UC 3843; one end of a capacitor Cq2 is connected with a primary side grounding end, the other end of the capacitor Cq2 is simultaneously connected with a reference voltage Vref, one end of a resistor Rt and the reference voltage Vref of a control chip UC3843, the other end of the resistor Rt is simultaneously connected with an RT/CT pin of the control chip UC3843 and one end of a capacitor Ct, and the other end of the capacitor Ct is connected with the primary side grounding end; the capacitor Cv2 is connected in parallel with the resistor Rv3, one end of the parallel circuit is connected with a Comp pin of the control chip UC3843, the other end of the parallel circuit is simultaneously connected with one end of the resistor Rv1, one end of the resistor Rv2 and a Vfb pin of the control chip UC3843, and the Vfb pin is a feedback pin of the chip UC 3843;
the loop isolation circuit consists of a resistor Rv1, a diode D2, a resistor Rv2, a diode D3 and a resistor R3, wherein one end of a resistor Rv1 is connected with one end of a resistor Rv2 to serve as an output end of the loop isolation circuit; the other end of the resistor Rv1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D2, and the anode of the diode D2 is used as one input end of the loop isolation circuit and is connected with the output end of the input voltage-sharing ring circuit; the other end of the resistor Rv2 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3, and the anode of the diode D3 is used as the other input end of the loop isolation circuit and is connected with the output end of the primary and secondary side isolation circuits; the anode of D3 is also connected to one end of resistor R3, and the other end of resistor R3 is connected to the primary side ground.
The original secondary side isolation circuit can be realized by adopting an optical coupler and a peripheral circuit; the circuit is composed of an optical coupler OC1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2; a first pin of the optical coupler OC1 is connected with a series node of a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a second pin of the optical coupler OC1 and serves as an input end of an original secondary side isolation circuit, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a voltage end Vcc _ s, a third pin of the optical coupler OC1 is connected with a reference voltage end Vref, and a fourth pin of the optical coupler OC1 serves as an output end of the original secondary side isolation circuit.
The output voltage stabilizing ring consists of a resistor Rf1, a resistor Rf2 and a voltage stabilizing source TL431, wherein the resistor Rf1 is connected with the resistor Rf2 in series, one end of the series circuit is connected to the negative output end, and the other end of the series circuit is connected to the secondary side grounding end; the anode of the voltage stabilizing source TL431 is connected with the secondary side grounding end, the cathode of the TL431 is used as the output end of the output voltage stabilizing ring, and the adjustable end of the TL431 is connected with the series node of the resistor Rf1 and the resistor Rf 2.
The input voltage sampling circuit consists of a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8 and a resistor R9. The resistor R6 and the resistor R7 are connected in series, one end of the series circuit is connected to a positive input end Vg +, and the other end of the series circuit is connected to Vg-; the resistor R8 and the resistor R9 are connected in series, one end of the series circuit is connected to a positive input end Vg +, and the other end of the series circuit is connected to Vg-; the series node of the resistor R8 and the resistor R9 is connected to the signal output positive, and the series node of the resistors R6 and R7 is connected to one input end of the input equalizer ring.
The input equalizing ring consists of an operational amplifier LM358, a capacitor Ci1, a resistor Ri1, a resistor R4, a resistor R5 and a resistor R10; one end of the resistor R10 is connected with a signal input positive Vg _ s _ in + and serves as the other input end of the input equalizing ring, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with one end of the resistor Ril, the negative input end of the operational amplifier and one end of the resistor R4, and the other end of the resistor R4 serves as one input end of the input equalizing ring; the other end of the resistor Ril is connected with one end of a capacitor Cil, and the other end of the capacitor Cil is connected with the output end of the amplifier A2 and serves as the output end of the input equalizing ring; one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the primary side grounding end.
Two rings were designed into each module: one output grading ring and one input grading ring. The module work with different functions can be realized through simple external wiring. When the voltage stabilizing module needs to be changed, the signal input positive terminal Vg _ s _ in + is connected to the negative input terminal Vg-, and the output voltage sampling terminal Vo _ s is connected to the positive output terminal; when the voltage-sharing module needs to be changed, the output voltage sampling terminal Vo _ s is connected to the negative output end, and the module signal input positive end Vg _ s _ in + is connected to the module signal output positive end Vg _ s _ out + of the next module. In this embodiment, the connection between the input voltage equalizing module and the output voltage stabilizing module can be realized by using the pin wiring method shown in fig. 9 and 10, and is not drawn and displayed by using the specific module schematic diagram shown in fig. 11.
The connection of the input series output parallel power supply system of the double modules can be realized by adopting a pin wiring mode of FIG. 7, wherein the lower module is connected into an output voltage stabilization closed loop control and is called a voltage stabilization module; the upper module is connected into an input voltage-sharing closed-loop control and is called a voltage-sharing module; only one closed loop per module is in operation. The input series and output parallel structure popularized to the N modules is shown in fig. 8, wherein only one module is connected to form an output voltage stabilization closed loop control, and the other modules are connected to form an input voltage equalizing loop control.
The working principle is as follows:
in this embodiment, the whole system is composed of two power conversion modules connected in series and parallel, and the main power stage of a single power conversion module operates in the same principle as an asymmetric half-bridge flyback circuit, which is well known to those skilled in the art and is not expanded here. The control process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 7, the upper module is a voltage-sharing module of the system, and is responsible for adjusting the input voltages of the upper module and the lower module to be equal, and the working principle is as follows:
the output voltage sampling terminal Vo-s1 of the upper module is connected to the negative output terminal Vo 1-of the upper module, namely the output ground of the upper module, the phototriode of the optocoupler is cut off, so that the emitter potential of the phototriode is low, the diode D3 is cut off, and at the moment, the output voltage stabilizing loop of the upper module is shielded. The upper module signal input positive Vg _ s _ in1+ is connected to the signal output positive Vg _ s _ out2+ of the lower module, and for convenience of understanding, the equalizer ring part is separately drawn, and as shown in fig. 12, an operational amplifier a1 is adopted to form the summing comparator. Cin1 and Cin2 are respectively an upper module input capacitor and a lower module input capacitor, R61 and R71 are input voltage sampling resistors of the upper module, and R82 and R92 are input voltage sampling resistors of the lower module, because the adder is located in the upper module, for the operational amplifier, the voltage at the middle connection point between R82 and R92 is negative voltage, R61 ═ R92 and R71 ═ R82 can be set, so when the input voltage of the upper module is equal to the input voltage of the lower module, namely Vg1 ═ Vg2, the operational amplifier inverting input terminal is zero; when the input voltage of the upper module is slightly higher than that of the lower module, the output voltage of the operational amplifier output end is reduced, the Comp voltage is increased, the duty ratio of the control driving signal is increased, and more energy of the upper module is transmitted to the secondary side at the moment, so that the voltage on the input capacitor Cin1 of the upper module is reduced; on the contrary, when the input voltage of the lower module is higher than the input voltage of the upper module, the output voltage of the operational amplifier output end rises, the Comp voltage drops, the duty ratio of the control driving signal becomes small, and at this time, the energy transmitted to the secondary side by the upper module is reduced, so that the voltage on the input capacitor Cin1 of the upper module rises.
The signal input positive Vg _ s _ in + of the lower module is connected to the negative input end Vg-of the lower module, the voltage of the inverting end of the operational amplifier A1 in the input grading ring is higher than the voltage of the non-inverting end, so that the operational amplifier A1 is saturated to output low level, the diode D2 is cut off, and the input grading ring of the lower module is shielded. The output voltage sampling terminal Vo _ s of the lower module is connected to the negative output terminal Vo-of the lower module, and at this time, the lower module is a common switching power supply with voltage stabilization output.
In the embodiment, the upper module and the lower module are 60W switching power supplies, an asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology is adopted, the input voltage range is 120 VDC-240 VDC, the two modules form a 120W power supply system, and experimental verification is carried out on the input series output parallel effect of the two modules under the full closed-loop work. In order to fully verify the influence of the invention on the input voltage-sharing precision, the output current-sharing precision and the output voltage precision under the tolerance, tolerance experiment verification is carried out on the invention. Two extreme deviations of the control parameters and two extreme deviations of the power level parameters are combined into a new module with two extreme deviations according to the gain of the power conversion module. Theoretically, the two modules with the maximum gain and the minimum gain correspond to the following parameters:
the module with the largest gain: excitation inductance minimum, leakage inductance minimum, resonance capacitance minimum, frequency minimum, namely: l ism(min),Lr(min),Cr(min),fs(min)
The module with the smallest gain: excitation inductance maximum, leakage inductance maximum, resonance capacitance maximum, frequency maximum, namely: l ism(max),Lr(max),Cr(max),fs(max)
The four parameters described above were combined into the following six sets of experimental parameters:
combination 1: input series/output parallel experiment with power stage and control both being nominal parameters
Module A parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=6.37uH,Cr=0.27uF,fs=100KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=6.37uH,Cr=0.27uF,fs=100KHz
And (3) combination 2: input series/output parallel experiment with power level as standard parameter and switching frequency as up and down deviation respectively
Module A parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=6.37uH,Cr=0.27uF,fs=90KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=145uH,Lr=6.37uH,Cr=0.27uF,fs=110KHz
And (3) combination: input series/output parallel experiment with switching frequency as nominal parameter and power level as up-down deviation respectively
Module A parameters: l ism=130.5uH,Lr=5.733uH,Cr=0.216uF,fs=100KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=159.5uH,Lr=7.007uH,Cr=0.324uF,fs=100KHz
And (4) combination: input series/output parallel experiment with switching frequency and power level parameters respectively being vertical deviation
Module A parameters: l ism=130.5uH,Lr=5.733uH,Cr=0.216uF,fs=90KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=159.5uH,Lr=7.007uH,Cr=0.324uF,fs=110KHz
And (3) combination 5: input series/output parallel experiment with switching frequency as nominal parameter and power level as up-down deviation respectively
Module A parameters: l ism=159.5uH,Lr=7.007uH,Cr=0.324uF,fs=100KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=130.5uH,Lr=5.733uH,Cr=0.216uF,fs=100KHz
And (4) combination 6: input series/output parallel experiment with switching frequency and power level parameters respectively having lower deviation and upper deviation
Module A parameters: l ism=159.5uH,Lr=7.007uH,Cr=0.324uF,fs=110KHz
B, module parameters: l ism=130.5uH,Lr=5.733uH,Cr=0.216uF,fs=90KHz
The test is carried out according to the six combinations, the obtained test results are shown in tables 4 to 7, and the table 4 shows the maximum input voltage equalizing precision of various parameter combinations under different input voltages; table 5 shows the current sharing accuracy of the full-load output current with various parameter combinations under different input voltages; table 6 shows the output voltages for various combinations of parameters under different input voltages and full output load conditions; and table 7 shows the loop test results of the equalizing loop and the voltage stabilizing loop of the actual PCM control closed loop experiment of the external power supply DC-DC part.
TABLE 4 maximum input voltage grading accuracy for various parameter combinations at different input voltages
Pressure equalizing precision Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4 Combination 5 Combination 6
Vg=300V 0.25% 0.17% 0.13% 0.00% 1.07% 0.60%
Vg=400V 0.2% 0.07% 0.1% 0.00% 0.85% 0.95%
Vg=530V 0.3% 0.15% 0.38% 0.75% 0.42% 0.72%
TABLE 5 full-load output current sharing accuracy for various parameter combinations under different input voltages
Precision of current sharing Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4 Combination 5 Combination 6
Vg=300V 0.37% 0.09% 0.37% 0.28% 0.37% 0.37%
Vg=400V 0.37% 0.37% 0.74% 0.65% 0.28% 0.00%
Vg=530V 1.11% 0.46% 0.55% 1.2% 0.09% 0.09%
TABLE 6 output Voltage (V) for various parameter combinations under different input voltages and full output load conditions
Output voltage Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4 Combination 5 Combination 6
Vg=300V 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.02
Vg=400V 12.02 12.02 12.02 12.01 12.02 12.02
Vg=530V 12.02 12.00 12.00 12.01 12.01 12.01
Table 7: ring test result of equalizing ring and voltage stabilizing ring of actual PCM control closed loop experiment of external power supply DC-DC part
Figure BDA0001373682280000101
The experimental results show that the input voltage-sharing precision and the output current-sharing precision of the combinations 1 to 6 are within 1%, the output voltage precision is within 1%, the bandwidth of the input voltage-sharing ring is about 0.8KHz, and the input voltage-sharing ring has large phase margin and gain margin.
The experiment can fully prove that the scheme of the invention can not only meet the input voltage-sharing precision and the output current-sharing precision, but also control the output voltage precision to be about 1 percent, realize the purposes of voltage-sharing and current-sharing and voltage-stabilizing output voltage, and is higher than the prior art.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-described preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, and these modifications and variations should be considered as within the scope of the invention, which is not described herein in detail with reference to the examples, but rather should be construed as within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A power conversion module, characterized by: including main power circuit, control drive circuit, loop isolation circuit, former secondary limit isolation circuit, input voltage sampling circuit, input equalizer ring, output voltage regulator ring, power conversion module's terminal contain: the input circuit comprises a positive input end, a negative input end, a positive output end, a negative output end, a signal output positive end, a signal input positive end and an output voltage sampling terminal;
the input voltage is input into the main power circuit through the positive input end and the negative input end, and is output to the positive output end and the negative output end through the power conversion of the main power circuit to form output voltage;
the two input ends of the input voltage sampling circuit are respectively connected to the positive input end and the negative input end and are used for sampling input voltage, and the output end of the input voltage sampling circuit is simultaneously connected to the signal output positive end of the power conversion module and one input end of the input equalizing ring;
the other input end of the input equalizing ring is connected to a signal input positive pole of the power conversion module, and the output end of the input equalizing ring is connected to the control driving circuit through one input end of the loop isolation circuit so as to generate a driving signal which changes along with the corresponding input equalizing loop to control a switching tube in the main power circuit and form an equalizing loop of the power conversion module;
an output voltage sampling terminal of the power conversion module is connected to an input end of an output voltage stabilizing ring, an output end of the output voltage stabilizing ring is connected to a control driving circuit through another input end of an original secondary side isolating circuit and a loop isolating circuit in sequence, and the control driving circuit generates a driving signal which changes along with a corresponding output voltage stabilizing loop to control a switching tube in a main power circuit so as to form a voltage stabilizing loop of the power conversion module;
the output voltage sampling terminal is connected with the negative output end, the function of shielding an output voltage stabilizing ring can be realized, the signal input positive end of the power conversion module is connected with the signal output positive end of another power conversion module, and the signal output positive end of the power conversion module is compared with the signal output positive end of the other power conversion module in the input voltage equalizing ring module in the power conversion module to generate a loop signal for controlling the duty ratio.
2. The power conversion module of claim 1, wherein: input voltage sampling circuit, input equalizer ring, control drive circuit three and main power circuit's primary side are earthed altogether, promptly: the signal input positive, the signal output positive and the input voltage share a reference voltage; the output voltage stabilizing ring is connected with the secondary side of the main power circuit in common, namely: the output voltage sampling terminal and the output voltage of the power conversion module share a reference voltage.
3. The power conversion module of claim 2, wherein: the main power circuit adopts an asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology.
4. The power conversion module of claim 3, wherein: two switching tubes in the asymmetric half-bridge flyback topology are MOS tubes or triodes.
5. The power conversion module of claim 4, wherein: and a dead time for preventing common short circuit is staggered between the driving pulse signals of the two switching tubes.
6. The power conversion module of claim 5, wherein: the dead time is 300 nS.
7. A power supply system characterized by: comprising N power conversion modules according to claim 1 or 2, N being a natural number greater than 1; each power conversion module includes, but is not limited to, the following outlet terminals: the signal output positive terminal, the signal input positive terminal, the signal output negative terminal, the signal output positive terminal, the signal output negative terminal and the signal output positive output terminal;
the positive input end of the first power conversion module is used as the positive input end of the power supply system, the signal output of the first power conversion module is suspended, the negative input end of the first power conversion module is connected with the positive input end of the second power conversion module, the negative input end of the second power conversion module is connected with the positive input end of the third power conversion module, and so on, the negative input end of the (N-1) th power conversion module is connected with the positive input end of the Nth power conversion module; the signal input of the first power conversion module is positively connected with the signal output of the second power conversion module, the signal input of the second power conversion module is positively connected with the signal output of the third power conversion module, and so on, the signal input of the (N-1) th power conversion module is positively connected with the signal output of the (N) th power conversion module, and the signal input of the (N) th power conversion module is connected with the negative input end of the (N) th power conversion module and serves as the negative input end of the power supply system;
the positive output ends of the N power conversion modules are connected and then used as the positive output end of the power supply system, and the negative output ends of the N power conversion modules are connected and then used as the negative output end of the power supply system; and the output voltage sampling terminal of the Nth power conversion module is connected with the positive output end of the power supply system, and the output voltage sampling terminals of the rest N-1 power conversion modules are connected with the negative output end of the power supply system.
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