CN107290226B - Liquid nitrogen refrigerating and mounting device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment - Google Patents
Liquid nitrogen refrigerating and mounting device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107290226B CN107290226B CN201710663731.8A CN201710663731A CN107290226B CN 107290226 B CN107290226 B CN 107290226B CN 201710663731 A CN201710663731 A CN 201710663731A CN 107290226 B CN107290226 B CN 107290226B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0064—Initiation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment, which comprises a triaxial pressurizing unit, a microwave heating unit and a liquid nitrogen refrigeration unit: the low-temperature pipeline is connected with the fracturing room main machine to refrigerate the experimental test block. A liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment can realize the simulation experiment to the expend with heat and contract with cold nature of rock under the simulation ground stress condition to can simulate the expend with heat and contract with cold nature of rock and to the influence of hydraulic fracturing effect. The acoustic emission sensor and the temperature sensor can be used for inspecting the influence rule of parameters such as the ground stress condition, the heating temperature, the refrigerating temperature, the fracturing fluid temperature, the temperature difference among the ground stress condition, the heating temperature, the refrigerating temperature, the fracturing fluid temperature, the perforating condition and the like on the initiation and extension of the crack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing and liquid nitrogen refrigeration research, in particular to a liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment, which is used for monitoring the effect of rock expansion and contraction on improving the hydraulic fracturing effect under the simulated ground stress condition and investigating the influence rule of parameters such as the ground stress condition, the heating temperature, the refrigerating temperature, the fracturing fluid temperature, the temperature difference among the three, the perforation condition and the like on crack initiation and extension.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the national energy demand is continuously increased. The hydraulic fracturing technology is a common production increasing measure in the process of exploiting oil and gas reservoirs. By utilizing the hydraulic fracturing technology, natural cracks of the oil-gas reservoir stratum can be enlarged, artificial cracks can be formed, the connectivity among the cracks can be enhanced, and the permeability of the oil-gas reservoir stratum can be improved.
The application of the rock expansion with heat and contraction with cold has a beneficial effect on the formation of the cracks of the underground oil-gas reservoir, can improve the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing, and is beneficial to the formation of a crack network. The reservoir fracture is carried out by utilizing the expansion and contraction characteristics of the underground oil and gas reservoir, and the method is an efficient and feasible method.
In past researches, the utilization of the thermal expansion and contraction performance of a hydrocarbon reservoir layer cannot be used in the hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment process. The method is a necessary condition for researching the effect of the expansion and contraction properties of the underground rock on the hydraulic fracturing, and is used for ensuring the continuous application of the simulated crustal stress in the processes of heating, refrigerating and transiting to the hydraulic fracturing. The lack of ground stress is not accurate for simulated subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs at a given depth and at a given confining pressure. The experimental result is often different from the real stratum condition and is not representative. Therefore, the design of the experimental device capable of combining the oil-gas reservoir layer expansion with contraction with heat and contraction with hydraulic fracturing has important significance on simulating the expansion with heat and contraction with cold property of the underground oil-gas reservoir layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to monitor the effect of rock expansion with heat and contraction with cold on improving the hydraulic fracturing effect under the simulated ground stress condition and observe the influence of parameters such as different temperatures, temperature differences, perforation conditions and the like on crack initiation and extension, and provides a liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment.
The invention comprises a triaxial pressurizing unit, a microwave heating unit and a liquid nitrogen refrigerating unit:
the three-axis pressurizing unit comprises four fixed shafts, eight bolts, a fracturing chamber host machine, a propelling table, three loading plates, a rear baffle, an X-direction three-way valve, a Y-direction three-way valve, a Z-direction three-way valve, an X-direction pressure sensor, a Y-direction pressure sensor, a Z-direction pressure sensor, an X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, a Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, a Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, two X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinders, an acoustic emission sensor and a temperature sensor;
the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the fracturing chamber host through countersunk screws; the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder is in threaded sealing connection with the fracturing chamber host through four fixed shafts and eight bolts; the pushing table is connected with the base of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder and the fracturing chamber host machine through a glue joint mode, and is superposed with the bottom edge of the sample chamber so as to push the experimental test block into the sample chamber; the X-direction material returning oil cylinder is fixed on the fracturing chamber host through a countersunk head screw; the ends of the hydraulic rods of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the loading plate in a countersunk head screw connection mode; in the X direction, a rear baffle is arranged in the sample chamber, a hole with a certain size is reserved at the position of the rear baffle corresponding to the center of the fracturing chamber main machine, and the rear baffle is connected with the end parts of the hydraulic rods of the two X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinders through countersunk head screws; a connector is arranged in a base of the fracturing chamber host machine, is communicated with a cavity positioned right below the sample chamber, is used for connecting the microwave heating equipment and the liquid nitrogen refrigeration equipment, and is provided with a liquid nitrogen transportation channel connected with the sample chamber;
the oil inlet joints of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder are respectively in threaded connection with an X-direction three-way valve, a Y-direction three-way valve and a Z-direction three-way valve to be divided into two paths, one path is respectively in threaded sealing connection with an X-direction pressure sensor, a Y-direction pressure sensor and a Z-direction pressure sensor and is used for transmitting pressure signals, and the other path is respectively connected with a hydraulic source to provide a center; an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the X-direction material returning hydraulic cylinder are connected with a hydraulic source to provide a center;
the loading plate is provided with an acoustic emission sensor and a temperature sensor in a gluing mode, and the acoustic emission sensor and the temperature sensor extend out of a wire groove and a notch in the loading plate to transmit acoustic emission signals and temperature signals;
the microwave heating unit comprises a microwave generating device, a waveguide tube and a microwave antenna; the microwave generating device can adjust the frequency and power of the microwave within a certain range; the waveguide tube is connected with the microwave antenna and can be connected with a base of a fracturing chamber host machine in a threaded connection mode;
the liquid nitrogen refrigerating unit comprises a liquid nitrogen storage steel cylinder and a low-temperature pipeline; the low-temperature pipeline is connected with a base of the fracturing chamber main machine in a threaded connection mode;
preferably, the fracturing chamber host machine is made of microwave reflecting materials except for the material of the bottom of the sample chamber right above the microwave antenna; the loading plate, the rear baffle, the rear hexagon bolt, the fixed pipeline, the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder, and the cylinder bodies and the hydraulic rods of the two X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinders all belong to microwave reflecting materials; the acoustic emission sensor and the temperature sensor are high-temperature resistant, and the adopted coupling agent is high-temperature resistant, so that signals can be conveniently and sensitively measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment provided by the invention is used for refrigerating an experiment test block by connecting the low-temperature pipeline with the fracturing room host. A liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment can realize the simulation experiment to the expend with heat and contract with cold nature of rock under the simulation ground stress condition to can simulate the expend with heat and contract with cold nature of rock and to the influence of hydraulic fracturing effect. The acoustic emission sensor and the temperature sensor can be used for inspecting the influence rule of parameters such as the ground stress condition, the heating temperature, the refrigerating temperature, the fracturing fluid temperature, the temperature difference among the ground stress condition, the heating temperature, the refrigerating temperature, the fracturing fluid temperature, the perforating condition and the like on the initiation and extension of the crack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective exploded view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a loading plate according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-microwave generating device; 2-a waveguide; 3-a microwave antenna; 4-liquid nitrogen storage steel cylinder; 5-low temperature pipeline; 6-X direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder; 7-Y direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder; 8-Z direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder; 9-X direction material returning hydraulic cylinder; 10-bolt; 11-a fixed shaft; 12-a propulsion stage; 13-fracturing chamber main machine; 14-a sample chamber; 15-X direction pressure sensor; 16-Y direction pressure sensor; 17-Z direction pressure sensor; 18-X-way three-way valve; 19-Y-direction three-way valve; a 20-Z direction three-way valve; 21-a loading plate; 22-connection port; 201 — a tailgate; 202-liquid nitrogen transmission pipeline; 203-a cavity; 204-holes; 301 — an acoustic emission sensor; 302-temperature sensor; 303-notches; 304-wire guide groove.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the present invention includes a triaxial pressurizing unit, a microwave heating unit and a liquid nitrogen refrigerating unit:
the three-axis pressurizing unit comprises four fixed shafts 11, eight bolts 10, a fracturing chamber host machine 13, a propelling table 12, three loading plates 21, a rear baffle 201, an X-direction three-way valve 18, a Y-direction three-way valve 19, a Z-direction three-way valve 20, an X-direction pressure sensor 15, a Y-direction pressure sensor 16, a Z-direction pressure sensor 17, an X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 6, a Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 7, a Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 8, two X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinders 9, an acoustic emission sensor 301 and a temperature sensor 302;
the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 7 and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 8 are fixed on a fracturing chamber host machine 13 through countersunk screws; the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 6 is in threaded sealing connection with the fracturing chamber main machine 13 through four fixed shafts 11 and eight bolts 10; the pushing table 12 is connected with the base of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 6 and the fracturing chamber host 13 in a glue joint mode, and is superposed with the bottom edge of the sample chamber 14 so as to push the experimental test block into the sample chamber 14; the X-direction material returning oil cylinder 9 is fixed on the fracturing chamber host 13 through a sunk screw; the ends of hydraulic rods of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 6, the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 7 and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 8 are respectively connected with a loading plate 21 in a countersunk head screw connection mode; in the X direction, a rear baffle 201 is arranged in the sample chamber 14, a hole 204 is reserved at the position of the rear baffle 201 corresponding to the center of the fracturing chamber host machine 13, and the rear baffle 201 is connected with the end parts of the hydraulic rods of the two X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinders 9 through sunk screws; a connector 22 is arranged in the base of the fracturing chamber host 13, is communicated with a cavity 203 which is positioned right below the sample chamber, is used for connecting the microwave heating equipment and the liquid nitrogen refrigeration equipment, and is provided with a liquid nitrogen transportation channel 202 connected with the sample chamber 14;
the oil inlet joints of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 6, the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 7 and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 8 are respectively in threaded connection with an X-direction three-way valve 18, a Y-direction three-way valve 19 and a Z-direction three-way valve 20 to be divided into two paths, one path is respectively in threaded sealing connection with an X-direction pressure sensor 15, a Y-direction pressure sensor 16 and a Z-direction pressure sensor 17 to be used for transmitting pressure signals, and the other path is respectively connected with a hydraulic source to provide a center; an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the X-direction material returning hydraulic cylinder 9 are connected with a hydraulic source to provide a center;
an acoustic emission sensor 301 and a temperature sensor 302 are mounted on the loading plate 21 in a gluing mode, and extend out through a wire groove 304 and a notch 303 in the loading plate to transmit acoustic emission signals and temperature signals;
the microwave heating unit comprises a microwave generating device 1, a waveguide tube 2 and a microwave antenna 3; the microwave generating device 1 is provided with a waveguide tube 2, the waveguide tube 2 is connected with a microwave antenna 3, and the microwave generating device 1 is connected with a base of a fracturing chamber main machine 13 in a threaded connection mode; the frequency and the power of the microwave generating device 1 can be adjusted within a certain range;
the liquid nitrogen refrigerating unit comprises a liquid nitrogen storage steel cylinder 4 and a low-temperature pipeline 5; the low-temperature pipeline 5 is connected with a base of a fracturing chamber main machine 13 in a threaded connection mode;
preferably, the fracturing chamber host 13 is made of microwave reflecting materials except for the material at the bottom of the sample chamber 14 right above the microwave antenna 3; the loading plate 21, the rear baffle 201, the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 6, the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 7, the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder 8, and the cylinder bodies and hydraulic rods of the two X-direction unloading hydraulic cylinders 9 all belong to microwave reflecting materials; the acoustic emission sensor 301 and the temperature sensor 302 are high temperature resistant, and the adopted coupling agent is high temperature resistant, so that signals can be measured conveniently and sensitively.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment which characterized in that: the device comprises a triaxial pressurizing unit, a microwave heating unit and a liquid nitrogen refrigerating unit:
the three-axis pressurizing unit comprises four fixed shafts (11), eight bolts (10), a fracturing chamber main machine (13), a propelling table (12), three loading plates (21), a rear baffle (201), an X-direction three-way valve (18), a Y-direction three-way valve (19), a Z-direction three-way valve (20), an X-direction pressure sensor (15), a Y-direction pressure sensor (16), a Z-direction pressure sensor (17), an X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (6), a Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (7), a Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (8), two X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinders (9), an acoustic emission sensor (301) and a temperature sensor (302);
the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (7) and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (8) are fixed on a fracturing chamber host (13) through countersunk screws; the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (6) is in threaded sealing connection with the fracturing chamber main machine (13) through four fixed shafts (11) and eight bolts (10); the pushing table (12) is connected with the base of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (6) and the fracturing chamber host (13) through a glue joint connection mode, and is superposed with the bottom edge of the sample chamber (14) so as to push the experimental test block into the sample chamber (14); the X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinder (9) is fixed on the fracturing chamber host (13) through a sunk screw; the ends of hydraulic rods of the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (6), the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (7) and the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (8) are respectively connected with a loading plate (21) in a countersunk head screw connection mode; in the X direction, a rear baffle (201) is placed in the sample chamber (14), a hole (204) is reserved at the position, corresponding to the center of the fracturing chamber main machine (13), of the rear baffle (201), and the rear baffle is connected with the end parts of hydraulic rods of two X-direction discharging hydraulic cylinders (9) through sunk screws; a connecting port (22) is arranged in the base of the fracturing chamber host (13), is communicated with a cavity (203) which is positioned right below the sample chamber, is used for connecting the microwave heating equipment and the liquid nitrogen refrigerating equipment, and is provided with a liquid nitrogen transportation channel (202) connected with the sample chamber (14);
the oil inlet joints of an X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (6), a Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (7) and a Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (8) are respectively in threaded connection with an X-direction three-way valve (18), a Y-direction three-way valve (19) and a Z-direction three-way valve (20) to be divided into two paths, one path is respectively in threaded sealing connection with an X-direction pressure sensor (15), a Y-direction pressure sensor (16) and a Z-direction pressure sensor (17) to be used for transmitting pressure signals, and the other path is respectively connected with a hydraulic source to provide a center; an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the X-direction unloading hydraulic cylinder (9) are connected with a hydraulic source to provide a center;
an acoustic emission sensor (301) and a temperature sensor (302) are arranged on the loading plate (21) in a gluing mode, and extend out through a wire groove (304) and a notch (303) in the loading plate to transmit acoustic emission signals and temperature signals;
the microwave heating unit comprises a microwave generating device (1), a waveguide tube (2) and a microwave antenna (3); the microwave generating device (1) is provided with a waveguide tube (2), the waveguide tube (2) is connected with a microwave antenna (3), the microwave generating device (1) is connected with a base of a fracturing chamber main machine (13) in a threaded connection mode;
the liquid nitrogen refrigerating unit comprises a liquid nitrogen storage steel cylinder (4) and a low-temperature pipeline (5); one end of the low-temperature pipeline (5) is communicated with the liquid nitrogen storage steel cylinder (4), the other end of the low-temperature pipeline (5) is connected with a base of the fracturing chamber host (13), and the connection mode is threaded connection.
2. The liquid nitrogen refrigeration installation device for the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the loading plate (21), the rear baffle (201), the X-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (6), the Y-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (7), the Z-direction pressurizing hydraulic cylinder (8), and the cylinder bodies and hydraulic rods of the two X-direction unloading hydraulic cylinders (9) all belong to microwave reflecting materials.
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| CN201710663731.8A CN107290226B (en) | 2017-08-06 | 2017-08-06 | Liquid nitrogen refrigerating and mounting device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment |
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| CN109357953A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-19 | 吉林大学 | A kind of rock core test device tested for three axis of high temperature and pressure and hydraulic fracturing |
| CN109946166A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-28 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of rock confining pressure simulator |
| CN112378808B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-08-06 | 东北大学 | Microwave intelligent loading fracturing hard rock test system based on true triaxial stress |
| US11965860B2 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2024-04-23 | Northeastern University | Test system for hard rock breaking by microwave intelligent loading based on true triaxial stress |
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| US20100095742A1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2010-04-22 | Symington William A | Testing Apparatus For Applying A Stress To A Test Sample |
| KR100924149B1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2009-10-28 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Method for measuring in-situ stress of rock using thermal crack |
| JP6303132B2 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2018-04-04 | 応用地質株式会社 | Hydraulic fracturing test equipment |
| CN104655495B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-05-10 | 太原理工大学 | High temperature and high pressure coal and rock true triaxial fracturing and seepage test device and test method |
| CN104614497B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-04-20 | 中国矿业大学 | True triaxial stream pressure fracturing, slot, seepage flow, gas drive integrated experimental system |
| CN105134186B (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2017-12-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Shale gas hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system |
| CN106840911B (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2019-12-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Liquid nitrogen temperature and pressure control freeze-thaw damage shale experimental device and method |
| CN106959246B (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2019-06-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen |
| CN207263552U (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2018-04-20 | 吉林大学 | A kind of liquid nitrogen refrigerating erecting device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment |
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