CN107276653B - Multi-antenna combining and beam forming method and device - Google Patents
Multi-antenna combining and beam forming method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107276653B CN107276653B CN201610213459.9A CN201610213459A CN107276653B CN 107276653 B CN107276653 B CN 107276653B CN 201610213459 A CN201610213459 A CN 201610213459A CN 107276653 B CN107276653 B CN 107276653B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for combining multiple antennas and forming wave beams, which comprises the following steps: grouping uplink received data of each user equipment according to preset antenna grouping, and performing data combination in each group by adopting a centralized combination method for each group of uplink received data to obtain a first-stage combination result and a first-stage combination weight of the group; for each user equipment, combining the first-stage combination results of all groups of the user equipment by adopting a distributed combination method to obtain a second-stage combination result and a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment; for each user equipment, determining a beam forming weight of the user equipment according to reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels by using the first-stage combining weights and the second-stage combining weights of all groups of the user equipment, and carrying out beam forming on downlink data of the user equipment by using the beam forming weight. The invention is easy to realize and has better performance.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for combining multiple antennas and beamforming.
Background
The beam forming is a signal preprocessing technology based on an antenna array, and generates a directional beam by adjusting the weighting coefficient of each array element in the antenna array, so that obvious array gain can be obtained. Therefore, the beamforming technology has great advantages in the aspects of coverage extension, edge throughput improvement, interference suppression and the like.
In the existing beamforming implementation scheme, beamforming is required to be performed on downlink data based on a beamforming factor. When the beamforming factor is calculated, the channel vector is estimated by using uplink pilot frequency data according to the reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels of the TDD system.
With the explosive increase of the data traffic demand of the wireless terminal, a large-scale antenna technology is introduced into the 5G system, so that the base station can simultaneously serve multiple users on the same time-frequency resource, and obvious benefits are brought to the frequency spectrum efficiency and the like. According to the description of many documents, a base station equipped with massive antennas shows determinism of channels from the base station to each user, and orthogonality is gradually shown among channel vectors of different users, so that even if a joint detection technology is not adopted, a good effect can be obtained compared with the traditional MIMO. Even then, due to the huge size of the antenna, the complexity of the uplink data combining calculation of the physical layer is a problem to be faced in the implementation level.
At present, the general multi-antenna data combining method mainly includes two types, one is realized by a centralized processing mode, such as a zero forcing equalization (ZF) method and a minimum mean square error estimation (MMSE) method, and the other is realized by a distributed processing mode, such as a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) method. The former method involves complex matrix operation and is realized by adopting a centralized processing mode, so that a more accurate decoding result can be obtained, but when the number of antennas is large, the centralized matrix operation amount is large, the complexity is high, and the requirement on the operation capability of a centralized processing module is high. The latter method adopts a way of processing received data in a decentralized manner, and only needs to select a proper combining weight value for linear combining, so that the complexity of operation can be reduced, but compared with a centralized processing way, the decoding performance of the method is lost. Therefore, the existing multi-antenna data combining method has the problems of large computation amount, high complexity or low decoding performance, so that the problems of large computation amount, high complexity or low beam forming performance can be caused when beam forming is carried out based on the uplink antenna data combining weight result.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for combining multiple antennas and beamforming, which are easy to implement and have better performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method of multi-antenna combining and beamforming, comprising:
grouping uplink received data of each user equipment according to preset antenna grouping, and performing data combination in each group by adopting a centralized combination method for each group of uplink received data to obtain a first-stage combination result and a first-stage combination weight of the group;
for each user equipment, combining the first-stage combination results of all groups of the user equipment by adopting a distributed combination method to obtain a second-stage combination result and a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment;
for each user equipment, determining a beamforming weight of the user equipment according to reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels by using the first-stage combining weights and the second-stage combining weights of all groups of the user equipment, and beamforming downlink data of the user equipment by using the beamforming weight.
A multi-antenna combining and beamforming apparatus comprising:
a first-stage combining unit, configured to group uplink received data of each user equipment according to a preset antenna group, and perform intra-group data combining on each group of uplink received data by using a centralized combining method to obtain a first-stage combining result and a first-stage combining weight of the group;
a second merging unit, configured to merge the first-stage merging results of all groups of the user equipment by using a distributed merging method for each user equipment, so as to obtain a second-stage merging result and a second-stage merging weight of the user equipment;
and the beam forming unit is used for determining the beam forming weight of the user equipment according to the reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels by using the first-stage combining weight and the second-stage combining weight of all groups of the user equipment for each user equipment, and performing beam forming on downlink data of the user equipment by using the beam forming weight.
In summary, the method and apparatus for multi-antenna combining and beamforming provided by the present invention adopt a two-stage combining process, first grouping uplink signals of each user according to an antenna group, combining the uplink signals in the group by using a centralized combining method, and then combining the combining results of all the groups according to a distributed combining method, so that the accuracy of the combining results can be improved by using the advantages of the centralized combining process, and the complexity of the combining can be reduced by using the advantages of the distributed combining process. Therefore, the method is easy to implement and has better performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The core idea of the invention is as follows: grouping the antennas, combining the received signals of the antennas in each group by adopting a centralized processing mode, and then combining the combined data of each group by adopting a distributed processing mode, thus improving the accuracy of the combined result by utilizing the advantage of the centralized processing and reducing the complexity of the combination by utilizing the advantage of the distributed processing.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment mainly includes:
This step is used to perform the first-stage combination on the uplink received data of the user equipment, where the first-stage combination is performed in units of groups, that is, a centralized combination method is used in each group to perform the combination, so that, in a TDD-LTE system with large-scale antennas (a typical scenario is that a base station deploys tens or hundreds of antennas and communicates with multiple terminals at the same time), on one hand, the accuracy of the combination result can be improved by using the advantage of centralized combination processing, and on the other hand, the centralized combination data scale is controlled within a group range, so that the data volume of the centralized combination processing can be effectively reduced, the operation complexity is reduced, and the bottleneck of the centralized combination processing is effectively avoided.
The antenna grouping is obtained by grouping large-scale antennas at the base station side in advance, and the number of antennas specifically included in each group can be set by a person skilled in the art according to the processing capability of hardware for centralized processing.
Preferably, the method of centralized combination can be a zero forcing equalization (ZF) method or a minimum mean square error estimation (MMSE) method.
Specifically, when the group is merged by using the centralized merging method, after a group of first-stage merging weights is obtained, a group of first-stage merging results is calculated according to the first-stage merging weights, and the specific process of merging is known by those skilled in the art and is not described herein again.
And 102, for each user equipment, combining the first-stage combination results of all the groups of the user equipment by adopting a distributed combination method to obtain a second-stage combination result and a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment.
The step is configured to perform merging processing on the first-stage merging results of each group obtained in the step 101 by using a distributed merging method, so as to obtain a second-stage merging result and a second-stage merging weight. Therefore, the combination of the uplink data of the user equipment is completed, and then the beamforming weight of the user equipment can be obtained according to the TDD channel reciprocity by utilizing the first-stage combining weight and the first-stage combining weight.
Specifically, the distributed combining method may be a maximum ratio combining MRC method, and when the MRC method is specifically combined, the second-stage combining weight is obtained first, and then the second-stage combining weight is used to obtain the second-stage combining result.
Preferably, in this step, for each of the user equipments, the method can be performed according to
Obtaining a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment, wherein k is a user equipment number, and w is2 kIs the second level combining weight of the user equipment k, the hnk lL is the channel gain between the user equipment K and the nth antenna in the L group of antennas, where L is 1, 2.
Preferably, for each of said user equipments, may be as follows
Obtaining the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment
Wherein k is the user equipment number, w2 kFor the second level of combining weights for user equipment k,
and the first-stage combination result corresponding to the ith group of uplink received data of the user equipment k.
103, for each user equipment, determining a beamforming weight of the user equipment according to reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels by using the first-stage combining weights and the second-stage combining weights of all groups of the user equipment, and beamforming downlink data of the user equipment by using the beamforming weight.
In the step, the beam forming weight of the user equipment can be obtained based on the first and second combined weights obtained in the step by utilizing the reciprocity of the uplink and downlink channels of the TDD system.
Preferably, for each of said user equipments, it may be in terms of Wk＝w1 kw2 k HAnd carrying out the beam forming.
Wherein, w1 k＝[w1 k1 w1 k2 ... w1 kL]，w1 klThe first-stage combining weight value, w, corresponding to the l group uplink received data of the user equipment k2 kAnd the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment k.
Fig. 2 is a multi-antenna combining and beamforming apparatus corresponding to the above method, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus includes:
and the first-stage combining unit is used for grouping the uplink received data of the user equipment according to a preset antenna grouping for each user equipment, and performing data combination in the group for each group of the uplink received data by adopting a centralized combination method to obtain a first-stage combination result and a first-stage combination weight of the group.
And the second-stage merging unit is used for merging the first-stage merging results of all the groups of the user equipment by adopting a distributed merging method for each user equipment to obtain a second-stage merging result and a second-stage merging weight of the user equipment.
And the beam forming unit is used for determining the beam forming weight of the user equipment according to the reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels by using the first-stage combining weight and the second-stage combining weight of all groups of the user equipment for each user equipment, and performing beam forming on downlink data of the user equipment by using the beam forming weight.
Preferably, the centralized combining method is a zero forcing equalization (ZF) method or a minimum mean square error estimation (MMSE) method, and the distributed combining method is a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) method.
Preferably, the second-level combining unit is configured to, for each of the user equipments, according to
Obtaining a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment, wherein k is a user equipment number, and w is2 kSecond level of combining weights for user equipment kValue of said hnk lL is the channel gain between the user equipment K and the nth antenna in the L group of antennas, where L is 1, 2.
Preferably, the second-level combining unit is configured to, for each of the user equipments, according to
Obtaining the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment
Wherein k is the user equipment number, w2 kFor the second level of combining weights for user equipment k,
and the first-stage combination result corresponding to the ith group of uplink received data of the user equipment k.
Preferably, the beamforming unit is configured to, for each of the user equipments, according to Wk＝w1 kw2 k HPerforming the beamforming, wherein w1 k＝[w1 k1 w1 k2 ... w1 kL]，w1 klThe first-stage combining weight value, w, corresponding to the l group uplink received data of the user equipment k2 kAnd the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment k.
According to the technical scheme, a large amount of centralized computation can be decomposed into multiple groups capable of being processed in parallel, each group consists of multiple antennas, relatively complex centralized combination processing is carried out in the groups, and simple distributed combination is carried out among the groups, so that centralized processing of a large amount of data can be avoided, and the performance loss is ensured to be low.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for multi-antenna combining and beamforming, comprising:
grouping uplink received data of each user equipment according to preset antenna grouping, and performing data combination in each group by adopting a centralized combination method for each group of uplink received data to obtain a first-stage combination result and a first-stage combination weight of the group; the number of antennas contained in each group of antennas is set according to the hardware processing capacity for centralized combination processing;
for each user equipment, combining the first-stage combination results of all groups of the user equipment by adopting a distributed combination method to obtain a second-stage combination result and a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment;
for each user equipment, determining a beamforming weight of the user equipment according to reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels by using the first-stage combining weights and the second-stage combining weights of all groups of the user equipment, and beamforming downlink data of the user equipment by using the beamforming weight.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the centralized combining method is zero-forcing equalization (ZF) method or minimum mean square error estimation (MMSE) method, and the distributed combining method is Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) method.
3. The method of claim 1, characterized in that for each of said user equipments, according to
Obtaining a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment, wherein k is a user equipment number, and w is2 kIs the second level combining weight of the user equipment k, the hnk lL is the channel gain between the user equipment K and the nth antenna in the L group of antennas, where L is 1, 2.
4. The method of claim 1, characterized in that for each of said user equipments, according to
Obtaining the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment
Wherein k is the user equipment number, w2 kFor the second level of combining weights for user equipment k,
and the first-stage combination result corresponding to the ith group of uplink received data of the user equipment k.
5. The method of claim 1, characterized in that for each of said user equipments, according to
Performing said beamforming, wherein w1 k＝[w1 k1 w1 k2...w1 kL]，w1 klThe first-stage combining weight value, w, corresponding to the l group uplink received data of the user equipment k2 kAnd the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment k.
6. A multi-antenna combining and beamforming apparatus, comprising:
a first-stage combining unit, configured to group uplink received data of each user equipment according to a preset antenna group, and perform intra-group data combining on each group of uplink received data by using a centralized combining method to obtain a first-stage combining result and a first-stage combining weight of the group; the number of antennas contained in each group of antennas is set according to the hardware processing capacity for centralized combination processing;
a second merging unit, configured to merge the first-stage merging results of all groups of the user equipment by using a distributed merging method for each user equipment, so as to obtain a second-stage merging result and a second-stage merging weight of the user equipment;
and the beam forming unit is used for determining the beam forming weight of the user equipment according to the reciprocity of uplink and downlink channels by using the first-stage combining weight and the second-stage combining weight of all groups of the user equipment for each user equipment, and performing beam forming on downlink data of the user equipment by using the beam forming weight.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the method of localized combining is zero-forcing equalization (ZF) method or minimum mean square error estimation (MMSE) method, and the method of distributed combining is Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) method.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the secondary merging unit is configured to merge the data of the first class into the data of the second class according to the first class
Obtaining a second-stage combination weight of the user equipment, wherein k is a user equipment number, and w is2 kIs the second level combining weight of the user equipment k, the hnk lL is the channel gain between the user equipment K and the nth antenna in the L group of antennas, where L is 1, 2.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the secondary merging unit is configured to merge the data of the first class into the data of the second class according to the first class
Obtaining the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment
Wherein k is the user equipment number, w2 kFor the second level of combining weights for user equipment k,
and the first-stage combination result corresponding to the ith group of uplink received data of the user equipment k.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the beamforming unit is configured to, for each of the user equipments, according to
Performing said beamforming, wherein w1 k＝[w1 k1 w1 k2...w1 kL]，w1 klThe first-stage combining weight value, w, corresponding to the l group uplink received data of the user equipment k2 kAnd the second-stage combination weight of the user equipment k.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1389998A (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2003-01-08 | 日本电气株式会社 | Self-adaptive antenna receiving apparatus adopting array atenna receiving signal |
| CN1469654A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-21 | ���Ͽع�����˾ | Repeat folding technology for multi-antenna receiver |
| CN101888287A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2010-11-17 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | Signal detection method and device for multi-input multi-output receiver |
| CN103516413A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-15 | 英特尔移动通信有限责任公司 | Combining in receive diversity systems |
| CN104218981A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-17 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Multi-antenna combined processing method and equipment |
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- 2016-04-07 CN CN201610213459.9A patent/CN107276653B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1389998A (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2003-01-08 | 日本电气株式会社 | Self-adaptive antenna receiving apparatus adopting array atenna receiving signal |
| CN1469654A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-21 | ���Ͽع�����˾ | Repeat folding technology for multi-antenna receiver |
| CN101888287A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2010-11-17 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | Signal detection method and device for multi-input multi-output receiver |
| CN103516413A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-15 | 英特尔移动通信有限责任公司 | Combining in receive diversity systems |
| CN104218981A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-17 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Multi-antenna combined processing method and equipment |
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