CN1072747A - Pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation - Google Patents
Pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1072747A CN1072747A CN 91111094 CN91111094A CN1072747A CN 1072747 A CN1072747 A CN 1072747A CN 91111094 CN91111094 CN 91111094 CN 91111094 A CN91111094 A CN 91111094A CN 1072747 A CN1072747 A CN 1072747A
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Abstract
Its principal character of pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation is by backfill sand, seabed buffer zone, wave wall in the concrete of cylindrical open caisson, steel pipe pile, interior cast, the island, form by the ship facility.The space rigidity of structure is big, resistance to overturning is strong, safe and reliable, have the ability of very strong dynamic loadings such as opposing wave, ocean current, morning and evening tides, ice slush and earthquake, can avoid or reduce wash away, slip and thixotropy be to the adverse effect of marine structure.This structure can become land operation to a large amount of operations on the sea, and risk is little, and the offshore construction time is shortened in easy construction greatly, can save investment than offshore platform simultaneously, saves steel nearly 1/3rd.
Description
The present invention is the pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation that is applicable to the shallow sea oilfield prospecting developing, marine site of its adaptation 5-10 rice depth of water and sea-floor relief complexity, frequent, the big silt of favourable opposition of earthquake, the unstable and bigger marine site of seawater ice slush load.
Understand by retrieval, domestic design and the construction that does not also have man-made island before applying for a patent still belongs to blank at home.
Abroad, also do not have such artificial island structure for offshore operation, but the man-made island of other form of structure uses more widely, its development history can be divided into three phases:
Phase I is representational to the thirties from 1909 to be the people Dai Dao in the littoral oil field of Soviet Union the Caspian Sea oil field man-made island and U.S. Gulf of Mexico, and the two all belongs to the sea epeirogenetic form of banketing of enclosing.The man-made island area of oil field, Soviet Union the Caspian Sea maximum reaches 30,000 square metres, construction and reaches 14 years, only more than 40 square metre of the man-made island area of the minimum of U.S. Gulf of Mexico bank, is applicable to single well production.
Second stage adopted to do at the jackstone all around in man-made island place earlier and puies forward pin island heart hydraulic fill sand then from the forties to the seventies, and levee slope adopts the tiltedly broken formula man-made island of piece stone or sand pocket mask, the corresponding stability that improves man-made island, and also increase application life.Representational is the man-made island in U.S. Chang Tan oil field.
Phase III is the beginning of the seventies, and is developed rapidly in the eighties, and development form is a caisson seat bottom type man-made island, steel is arranged, concrete, have whole, also have modularly, further improved the compliance of stability of structure, flexibility and marine environment.Man-made island is by the development of three phases, and caisson seat bottom type man-made island is widely used.But the man-made island in the above-mentioned three phases all is not suitable for unstable marine site, seabed, and details are as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation major technique feature of the present invention:
Pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island is by the 1. 2. cylindrical open caisson that 3. is welded of angle steel of steel plate, steel pipe pile 4., interior fluid concrete 10., island heart backfill sand 6., the seabed buffer zone 8., wave wall 7., 9. form by the ship facility; 3. 2. 1. bilayer weld with angle steel between the steel plate and be connected into integral body, and wall thickness is got 1/30～1/40 of external diameter, and open caisson sinks to the seabed some, and few part that surfaces is applicable to sea water advanced 5～10 meters waters; Steel pipe pile is stake top and each 1 meter section oncus to 20 of stake point millimeter 4., the steel pipe pile major part sinks to the seabed, few part stretches in the open caisson wall, be provided with reinforcing cage 5. in the every steel pipe pile, steel pipe pile is spent angles along open caisson wall garden week every 8～20 and is established a pile, and the stake top uses concrete steel pipe pile with the firmly welding of open caisson wall, reinforcing cage, clad steel wall are cast in together, effectively pile foundation are passed in the top loading; Open caisson sinks to design elevation, and 4. steel pipe pile drive piles after the design elevation, and the open caisson top is filled out in the beginning back-up sand always in the open caisson, to prevent earthquake liquefaction and to satisfy the requirement of top loading; Pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island head sea side add concrete wave screen 7. its elevation determine by checking high water level and limit wave height; Washes away for preventing after open caisson is heavy good, place, the seabed in the week worker's cloth that spreads a layer of clay earlier along open caisson outside, above a yard certain thickness sand pocket do the seabed and protect; Avoiding direction of strong wind, the less open caisson outer wall place of stormy waves and ice slush influence establishes two dolphins and 9. supplies material supply on the island.
The application's pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island is than above-mentioned sea reclamation formula man-made island, ramp type man-made island, and the caisson type man-made island has following advantage: the marine site of energy adaptation to the ground complexity; The ability that stronger dynamic loadings such as opposing wave, ocean current, morning and evening tides, ice slush and earthquake are arranged; Resistance to overturning is strong, safe and reliable; This structure mainly is that the system offshore construction is given on land, and a large amount of operations on the sea are become land operation, has shortened the offshore construction time greatly.Construction risk is little, easy construction and small investment, material saving; Compare with the steel platform and can save steel nearly 1/3rd.
Main operation such as the accompanying drawing 2 implemented:
At first carry out open caisson makes and anticorrosionly to slip in the water 2. by slideway after 1. on land, then rely on the buoyancy of open caisson itself to tug 3. to the job site, locate 4. back seat by navigation system and go into the seabed 5., open caisson loads and dredges 6. then, sink to design elevation and 7. beat steel pipe pile 9. in the back, then be that ground is handled (12) in fluid concrete (10) in the wall, island heart backfill (11) island successively, the seabed construction of prevention work 8. around end face wave preventing wall construction (13) and the island
Embodiment:
Field of razor clam island pile-foundation well-sinking structure design (is example with the accompanying drawing)
(1) general arrangement
The scientific experimentation island is positioned at field of razor clam north 12 well north-easts, and the island centre mount is designated as:
X＝20659770
Y＝4231285
Apart from the bank about 6 kilometers.60 meters of man-made island diameters, 53 mouthfuls of plan well-diggings, the northern unrestrained face on the island is provided with by the ship facility.
(2) structure design
1, structural shape:
See that the pile-foundation well-sinking structure sees accompanying drawing.60 meters of open caisson housing diameters, 57 meters of inner casing diameters, 1.8 meters of wall thickness, cast 20# concrete in it.17.3 meters of open caisson height overalls.
Because of seabed, man-made island marine site of living in instability, wash away seriously, empty for preventing to wash away, convenient construction again, open caisson sinks to 7 meters in seabed.The vertical loading of whole open caisson is mainly born by the pile foundation of dividing into, and pile foundation is the steel pipe pile of 1.2 meters of diameters, establishes one along the steel wall every 10 ° of angles, totally 36 piles, and the center distance of stake on circumference is 5.105 meters.
The crest level that open caisson sinks to after the design elevation is+6.0 meters, and the open caisson inside elevation that bankets is determined by design high-water:
Crest level=design high-water+0.67 * limit wave height+height more than needed
＝1.41+0.67×4.17+0.8
=6(rice)
Head sea to, add concrete wave screen, wall crest elevation is determined by checking high water level:
Wall crest elevation=check high water level+limit wave height+height more than needed
＝3.01+5.30+1.0
=9.31 meters
Get wall crest elevation+9.5 meter.
(1) hull plate thickness
According to calculating, the open caisson bottom is stressed bigger when sinking, and the box hat thickness of slab is 14 millimeters in the 4 meters scopes in bottom.Outer steel shell is 10 millimeters in the 4 meters scopes in ice slush active region, and all the other positions are 8 millimeters.
(2) box hat connects
Strengthen and connection with ∠ 75# steel in the box hat.About 0.9 meter of vertical rib spacing.Horizontal ribs and horizontal truss be according to the position difference, and spacing is also different, and 4 meters and ice hit intervally apart from being 0.5 meter in the open caisson bottom, and other positions are 1.0 meters.Strengthen with steel plate and i iron at the back cover position.For ease of 36 piles location and squeeze into, establish 36 1.8 * 1.8 meters square tube at the place, stake position of open caisson, the four sides seals with steel plate, and seal with plank temporarily the bottom, and plank will be convenient to remove before piling.Except that 36 square tubes, the steel plate back cover is all used in other bottoms, position.When still being well sinking, place by 36 tubes the place of ooze sucker.36 tubes are divided into 36 separations to the borehole wall, and these separations play corrective action to pour water sinking and concreting.
(3) mud mat and operation platform
In above 7 meters inboards, open caisson bottom, annular mud mat is set, wide 1 meter, its effect is that after open caisson sank to design elevation, plate contacted with the seabed, bore a part of weight of open caisson, and is prominent heavy to prevent.
In the open caisson inside top, establish an annular steel girder platform, wide 1 meter.When being construction, its effect places plant equipment, and as operating platform.
This two places loop configuration also works to strengthen the open caisson integral rigidity in open caisson transportation by driving and sinking process.
In addition, establish interim support when box hat transportation by driving and sinking, in box hat, establish the reinforcing pull rod of 6 layers of φ 40 along the steel wall, 2 meters of spacings are established 8 on pull bar for every layer, and every pull bar is all established tight device and tensiometer, be used for adjusting transportation by driving and stressed when sinking, these pull bars play a part to strengthen open caisson rigidity equally.After sinking to finishing, pull bar is removed.
It is 1075 tons that whole open caisson box hat gives system transportation by driving weight, and drinking water is 3.8 meters during transportation by driving.
(4) steel pipe pile
Steel pipe pile is 1200 * 16 millimeters of φ, and wall thickness is added to 20 millimeters in top each the 1 meter length of stake.42 meters of stake length overalls are buried 30 meters, stretch into interior 12 meters of steel wall.In order to strengthen the ability that pile is subjected to vertical force and horizontal force, the stake point is made semi-enclosed and the interior concreting of stake.The stake top firmly connects in order to bear the open caisson loading of construction period with the open caisson wall.With concrete stake and box hat are cast in together,, effectively pile foundation are passed in the top loading by the surperficial bond stress of concrete and stake.During concreting, should water 36 concrete in the prescription tube of stake position earlier, treat that intensity reaches after 70% at least, waters the concrete at other positions of steel wall again.
(5) island heart backfill
The open caisson wall is with interior (be 57 meters scopes of diameter in), and the seabed is a undisturbed soil for following 7 meters, during well sinking not by disturbance.Backfill is carried out in seabed above 9.3 meters (to+5.0 meters elevations), and total backfill amount is 24000 cubic metres.Backfilling material is extra large sand, so that satisfy top loading requirement very soon, also can prevent earthquake liquefaction.
2, ground is handled
, will liquefy during the 8 degree earthquakes of 15 meters inherences, man-made island ground top layer about the data that " No. 1 man-made island engineering of chengdao oilfield site checking of basic seismic intensity and the report of ground motion parameter prediction work " and drilling well academy of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, Qingdao Marine University are provided about " sight Control Engineering geologic report is doted in field of razor clam east northeast area (shallow sea) " according to Shandong Province seismological bureau, Geophysics Inst., State Bureau of Seismology.For this reason, need prevent the liquefaction processing, in 80 meters scopes of diameter (except the open caisson steel wall position), do sand compaction pile under water, 40 centimetres of sand pile diameters, 1.5 meters of spacings, long 15 meters.
Adopt the pile-foundation well-sinking structure, the load that produces during production operations such as mud oil imports into by backfill sand to be reinforced on the good ground, does not act directly on the open caisson wall, stressed so clear and definite.When ground in the open caisson can not satisfy the loading requirement, can take the local stiffening way as land.
3, by the ship facility
This experimental labor island only is-the island body that isolates, be material supply, ad hoc stop ship facility.
This place's direction of strong wind is NW-NNW and NNE-ENE, and direction of prevailing wind is S, SSE and ENE.So be arranged in southwest, island side by ship position, can have avoided so by force to influencing with minimizing stormy waves and ice slush.In addition, direction of tide is here: flood current is ESE, and ebb tide is WNW.Arrange like this be beneficial to boats and ships by from.
The man-made island physical efficiency is born very big horizontal force, for making full use of this condition, boats and ships is stopped advocated and will be born by the island body, by establishing rubber fender in the ship position.
4, seabed protection
After open caisson sinks well, for preventing the brush of making pottery, carry out the seabed protection week outside open caisson, width is thought of as 30 meters with half-wavelength.Means of defence: the worker's cloth that spreads a layer of clay earlier in the seabed, above two meters thick braiding sand pockets of sign indicating number.By in 80 meters * 50 meters scopes in ship district, dig 1 meter under the seabed, spread one meter thick sand pocket of geotextiles sign indicating number then.
5, preservative treatment
According to " fixed offshore platform is gone into level and made standard ", safeguard procedures are: at atmospheric region: steel work adopts coating protection, when being difficult to adopt coating protection, adopts the coating protection when complex-shaped.At submerged zone and splash zone, adopt cathodic protection and coating protection simultaneously.The open caisson steel wall outside considers to suffer ice to hit, and measure meetings such as coating were lost efficacy, so steel plate thickness increases by 2 millimeters.
6, structure and stability analysis
(1) transportation by driving is stable: 60 meters of open caisson diameters, and high 17.3 meters, be a garden flat structure, metacenter height, freeboard all satisfies code requirement.To pay special attention to the steel caisson inclination angle when only hauling and to touch the seabed greater than 2 ° to avoid box hat in the shallow sea.
(2) well sinking: well sinking adopts 36 dredge pumps suction mud sinking in the steel wall.Borehole wall bottom installing water jetting at high pressure pipe and nozzle are washed into mud to bottom soil, are discharged outside the well by suction dredge.Should guarantee isostatic settling during sinking.So that box hat is stressed evenly.Considered still in the design that the borehole wall is subjected to water, the uneven situation of soil pressure, as calculated, when sinking to design elevation, open caisson bottom maximum stress is 204 MPas, less than the allowable stress of steel.
(3) pile foundation
According to calculating, it is 298 tons that every pile is born loading, and the bearing capacity of single pile of stake is 320 tons.Also need consider vertical earthquake inertia force during earthquake.Because of ground has carried out sand pile reinforcing, no longer consider the liquefaction problem.According to " port works technical specification " regulation, the vertical bearing capacity safety factor of stake during earthquake can be reduced to 80% under the normal condition.As calculated, pile foundation still meets the demands.
During construction, bearing capacity of single pile also should be determined by loading test.
(4) operating period man-made island stability calculation
As calculated: K
Sliding=1.91＞1.1 safety
K
Incline=3.16＞1.4 safety
In order to simplify, remove the open caisson side in the aforementioned calculation and buried effect native and stake, if this two factor is added, safe especially.
Four, principal works amount and material
See Table 3-2 principal works amount and material list table 3-2
Accompanying drawing 2 explanations
The land system of giving of 1-open caisson
2-sinks mine water.
3-open caisson transportation by driving.
4-open caisson location.
At the bottom of the 5-open caisson seat.
The sinking of dredging of 6-open caisson.
The 7-open caisson sinks to design elevation.
Seabed protection around the 8-island.
9-beats steel pipe pile.
10-cast wall is interior, the stake inner concrete.
The heart backfill of 11-island.
Ground is handled in the 12-island.
The 13-wave wall of constructing.
Claims (7)
1, the present invention is the pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation that the shallow sea oil-gas field development is used, its technical characterictic be pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island by the shell steel plate 1. the inner casing steel plate 2. the cylindrical open caisson that 3. is welded of angle steel, steel pipe pile 4. in fluid concrete 10., in the island backfill sand 6., the seabed buffer zone 8., wave wall 7., 9. form by the ship facility.
2, the technical characterictic of described its cylindrical open caisson of pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation of claim 1 is that 3. 2. 1. open caisson wall bilayer be welded into integral body with angle steel between the steel plate, wall thickness is got 1/30～1/40 of external diameter, unstable and wash away under the situation in the seabed, open caisson need sink to a seabed part.Be applicable to the waters that seawater is dark 5～10 meters.
3, its steel pipe pile of the described pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation of claim 1 technical characterictic 4. is wall thickness thickening in stake top and each 1 meter section of stake point.The steel pipe pile major part sinks to the seabed, small part stretches in the open caisson wall, be provided with reinforcing cage 5. in the every steel pipe pile, steel pipe pile is established one along open caisson wall circumference every 8～20 degree angles, the stake top is with the firmly welding of open caisson wall, with concrete steel pipe pile, reinforcing cage, clad steel wall are poured into a mould together, effectively pile foundation is passed in the top loading.
4, the technical characterictic of its backfill sand of the described pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation of claim 1 is that open caisson sinks to design elevation, after steel pipe pile is got to design elevation, 6. the beginning back-up sand fills out the open caisson top always in the open caisson, to prevent earthquake liquefaction and the requirement of satisfying the top loading.
5, its wave wall of the described pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation of claim 1 technical characterictic 7. be the side of heading sea of man-made island add concrete wave screen 7., its elevation determines by checking high water level and limit wave height.
6, protection technical characterictic 8. in its seabed of the described pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation of claim 1 is, open caisson heavy good after, for preventing to wash away, place, all seabeds worker's cloth that spreads a layer of clay earlier along open caisson outside, above yard certain thickness sand pocket or rubble and piece stone.
7, the described pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation of claim 1 its be influence smaller part and establish two dolphins, the material supply of confession pile foundation type open caisson man-made island avoiding direction of strong wind, stormy waves and ice slush by ship facility technical characterictic 9..
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91111094 CN1072747A (en) | 1991-11-23 | 1991-11-23 | Pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91111094 CN1072747A (en) | 1991-11-23 | 1991-11-23 | Pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1072747A true CN1072747A (en) | 1993-06-02 |
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ID=4910470
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91111094 Pending CN1072747A (en) | 1991-11-23 | 1991-11-23 | Pile-foundation well-sinking type artificial island structure for offshore operation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105040661A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-11 | 河海大学 | Steel mould and construction method for building artificial island |
| CN113186889A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-07-30 | 中国海洋大学 | Combined pile plate structure for reinforcing and protecting artificial island reef and construction method thereof |
-
1991
- 1991-11-23 CN CN 91111094 patent/CN1072747A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105040661A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-11 | 河海大学 | Steel mould and construction method for building artificial island |
| CN105040661B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-09-28 | 河海大学 | For building punching block and the construction method of man-made island |
| CN113186889A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-07-30 | 中国海洋大学 | Combined pile plate structure for reinforcing and protecting artificial island reef and construction method thereof |
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