CN1072672A - 作为土壤助剂的菌丝体的应用 - Google Patents

作为土壤助剂的菌丝体的应用 Download PDF

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CN1072672A
CN1072672A CN92113354A CN92113354A CN1072672A CN 1072672 A CN1072672 A CN 1072672A CN 92113354 A CN92113354 A CN 92113354A CN 92113354 A CN92113354 A CN 92113354A CN 1072672 A CN1072672 A CN 1072672A
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soil
mycelium
unslaked lime
adjuvant
described method
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CN1053917C (zh
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H·埃伯特
W·施普勒
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Sandoz GmbH
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Hoechst AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S71/00—Chemistry: fertilizers
    • Y10S71/903—Soil conditioner

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及由生石灰和菌丝体配制成的土壤助 剂。如果使此菌丝体和至少10％生石灰混合，利用 菌丝体作土壤助剂是可能的。虽可添加多于20％的 生石灰，但由于成本原因，不再有利。优选的是添加 10—15％，最好是添加10—11％生石灰。生石灰约 含92—99.5％CaO。因此产品的干物料提高到40％ 和60％之间。此外，本发明还涉及此土壤助剂的制 法。由菌丝体和生石灰制成的土壤助剂几乎全无细 菌和完全无抗生素，不加其它合成品就可制成此土壤 助剂。

Description

按照1977年11月15日制订的肥料法，土壤助剂“基本上不含对土壤有生物学、化学或物理学影响的养分，能改善土壤状态或提高肥料的有效性的一些物质，尤其是土壤菌苗，土壤酥松剂，土壤稳定剂（化学硬化剂），岩石粉”。
例如石灰，腐殖土，泥炭末，木质素衍生物，藻酸盐，果胶，硫酸铁，多硫化钙，锯末，硅酸盐，需要时与水玻璃混合的红土一起（见Chem.Techn.29（1977）576和Chem.Ind.27（1975）351）引起土壤结构的改进。合成产品，特别是部分水解的聚丙烯腈，醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，聚乙烯丙酸酯，丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，羧甲基纤维素和有机铁铵络合物（见Romp，化学专业词典（Chemie  Lexikon）（1990）有更大的意义。
欧洲专利121493说明了借助于由丁二烯和菌丝体组成的混合物改进植物在土壤中生长的方法。加入菌丝体可减少聚丁二烯的份量。为处理酸性土最好掺和石灰（90-95%CaCO3）。
本发明涉及由和生石灰（CaO）混合的菌丝体组成的一种土壤助剂。
如果将菌丝体和至少10%生石灰混合，利用菌丝体作土壤助剂是可能的。虽可加入超过20%的生石灰，但由于成本原因，是不再有意义的。优选的是加入10-15%，最好是加10-11%生石灰。生石灰含有约92-99.5%CaO（见Wuhrer，Chem.Ing.Techn.1958，第19-30页）。因此，产品的干燥重量被提高到40%和60%之间。
作为菌丝体优选考虑被概括为人造的不完全真菌类的丝状菌，也称为半知菌类的丝状菌，最好是含珠菌目属的代表。较大量的菌丝体主要产生在生物工程制备抗菌素、酵素或其它代谢产物过程中。
生产抗菌素头孢菌素C的丝状菌支顶孢属chrysogenum（以前为头孢菌属支顶孢属）被用来大规模制备抗菌素。非常值得去追求的是利用该过程产生的丝状菌生物物质，以减少利用该法生成的废料。
此外，本发明还涉及制备这种土壤助剂的方法。由菌丝体和生石灰制成的土壤助剂具有优点是，几乎全无细菌和完全没有抗菌素。不用添加其它合成产品就能制备这种土壤助剂。
为了制备此种产品，通过过滤将菌丝体和培养基分开。为此，有利的是可使用旋转式真空过滤器或类似设备。在此情况下，实用的是添加助滤剂，例如采用珍珠岩公司（Fa.Perlite）的过滤珠（
Figure 921133545_IMG1
Filterperl）。过滤珠是人工制造的硅藻土，其优点是不像天然硅藻土那样灰尘飞扬。还可将这里产生的滤饼在潮湿状态和生石灰混合，而且能用混合螺杆或者其它合适的机器。这样就获得了具有易碎坚度的、可贮存的产品，该产品容易与可撒布的肥料混合，特别适用于酸性土壤。此土壤助剂的消耗量为约10-15吨/公顷。
由于加入石灰，此土壤助剂的pH值上升到10-12，并因此促成菌丝体滤饼稳定，也就是说，这种产品是能够贮存的，并可像家庭垃圾一样贮存。
这种浅灰色至灰黄色的易碎产品可立刻使用，盖住之后可以经过较长时间贮存或者在加入添加料之后使其成为堆肥。
对产品的分析表明，重金属含量远低于淤泥的重金属含量数值，并同样远低于农耕土的平均重金属含量数值。
以下实施例用于说明本发明，而本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例
1.借助于混合螺杆使从支顶孢属chrysogenum的菌丝体得到的滤饼与11%工业生石灰混合。这样就获得以下组成的易碎物料：
Figure 921133545_IMG2
2.由和生石灰混合的支顶孢属chrysogenum组成的菌丝体（CPC菌丝体）与淤泥和农耕土之间的组成对比：
Figure 921133545_IMG3
干物料中的有机物（灼烧损失）为9.76%。
3.借助于混合螺杆使由支顶孢属chrysogenum的菌丝体中得到的滤饼与11%工业生石灰混合。用此获得的产品（CPC菌丝体）和各种添加料一起制造堆肥：
a）100吨CPC菌丝体+100吨淤泥（40%干物料）+100吨树皮废料
堆肥堆30米长，2米高
堆肥时间：91年2月至9月。
多次将堆移置。
b）500吨CPC菌丝+500土豆
堆肥堆45米长，2米高
堆肥时间：91年元月至9月
c）340吨CPC菌丝+400吨各种废料（麦杆，老堆肥，贮仓剥皮，谷物废料，种植土）
堆肥堆30米长，2米高
堆肥时间：91年5月至9月。

Claims (8)

1、制造土壤助剂的方法，其特征在于：将微生物发酵时得到的菌丝体(必要时添加过滤助剂)进行分离，并将滤饼和至少10%生石灰均匀混合。
2、按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：土壤助剂含有和10-20%生石灰混合的菌丝体。
3、按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：生石灰的份量为10-15%，最好是10-11%。
4、按权利要求1-4的一项或多项所述的方法，其特征在于：菌丝体来自不完全真菌。
5、按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：菌丝体来自支顶孢属chrysogenum。
6、改进土质的方法，其特征在于：使用按权利要求1-5所述方法之一制造的土壤助剂。
7、改进土质的方法，其特征在于：每公顷土地加按权利要求1-5所述方法之一制造的土壤助剂量在10吨和15吨之间。
8、生产堆肥的方法，其特征在于：将按权利要求1-5所述方法之一制成的土壤助剂和添加料混合并使其成堆肥。
CN92113354A 1991-11-27 1992-11-25 含丝菌体的土壤助剂、其制备方法及其应用 Expired - Fee Related CN1053917C (zh)

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JPH05230458A (ja) 1993-09-07
DE4138883C1 (zh) 1993-05-27
CZ286655B6 (cs) 2000-05-17
CN1053917C (zh) 2000-06-28
CA2083893A1 (en) 1993-05-28
US5620498A (en) 1997-04-15
EP0545199B1 (de) 1996-10-16
DK0545199T3 (da) 1997-03-24
ES2094267T3 (es) 1997-01-16
EP0545199A1 (de) 1993-06-09
ATE144238T1 (de) 1996-11-15
CZ348692A3 (en) 1993-06-16

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