CN107265458A - Tungsten powder grading system for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy method - Google Patents
Tungsten powder grading system for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107265458A CN107265458A CN201710528233.2A CN201710528233A CN107265458A CN 107265458 A CN107265458 A CN 107265458A CN 201710528233 A CN201710528233 A CN 201710528233A CN 107265458 A CN107265458 A CN 107265458A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tungsten
- tungsten powder
- alkali metal
- alkali
- extra
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
Abstract
The invention belongs to hard alloy preparation field, and in particular to a kind of tungsten powder grading system comprises the steps for the method for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy：1)：Order of ammoniumparatungstate crystal is soaked in alkali metal soln, obtains mixing alkali ammonium paratungstate；The incorporation of the described alkali metal for mixing alkali ammonium paratungstate is 50 300ppm；2)：By step 1) obtain mix alkali ammonium paratungstate rotary furnace calcining obtain yellow tungsten, yellow tungsten is then obtained into tungsten powder by high temperature reduction；Described tungsten powder obtains tungsten carbide through high temperature cabonization.The present invention adds alkali metal in the form of solution so that the amount of alkali metal is easier control, mixes alkali ammonium paratungstate by what is obtained after the immersion drying of alkali metal soln, particle diameter distribution is more uniform, final obtained alloy is obtained more excellent performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hard alloy preparation field, and in particular to a kind of tungsten powder grading system is for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy
Method.
Background technology
Tungsten is widely used in the form of simple metal and alloy in modern science and technology, particularly for steel
Alloying constituent, tungsten carbide base carbide alloy, and wear-resisting, anti-corrosion and high temperature alloy.Wherein extra-coarse tungsten powder is to prepare super thick carbonization
The important source material of tungsten, its product has from, the performance and purposes that thin tungsten carbide is different, with high temperature defect is few, microhardness
The series of advantages such as high, microstrain is small, is widely used in ground miner's tool, diel, oil bit, tunnel piercing cutter, height
The fields such as fast cutting tool, hard material.
Para-tungstic acid tungsten powder is mainly calcined into yellow tungsten or blue tungsten by the technique of industrial production tungsten powder at present, then in hydrogen
Reduction prepares tungsten powder in gas, and tungsten powder prepared by this method is very regular polymorph, and powder size is controlled at 2-5 μm mostly,
Mid-nineties 90 in 20th century starts the middle temperature that alkali metal salt is mixed in tungsten oxide risen
Reducing process, can make the granularity of tungsten powder be doubled and redoubled, for tungsten powder average degree, and addition Li technique is to take effect most
It will be evident that but the Li contents that are remained in tungsten powder are very big, and Na also plays the role of to promote tungsten powder particles development.There is research table simultaneously
It is bright, a small amount of alkali metal is added in para-tungstic acid tungsten, the Fisher particle size of tungsten powder can be not only improved, and tungsten powder can be improved
Uniformity, doping Li elements the Fisher particle size of tungsten powder can be significantly increased, but make powder size distribution broaden, uniformity become
Difference.It is co-doped with using Na, Li, while tungsten powder particle-size is improved, its uniformity makes moderate progress, and can obtain more satisfied synthesis
Effect.It is pungent prolong monarch et al. and studied in " ammonium paratungstate reduction prepares super thick globular tungsten powder " show with ammonium tungstate solution raw material, plus
Enter alkali metal salt, can directly prepare good fluidity, subsphaeroidal, grain development is complete and uniform coarse-grain tungsten powder.Tan Zheng exists
Pointed out in " influence of the Na element dopings mode to super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide and its alloy property " using ammonium tungstate crystal as raw material, in original
Na2WO42H2O is mixed in material, it is easy to obtain the thicker tungsten particle of granularity, and in the alloy property subsequently obtained well super
Crude crystal WC -10Co alloy properties.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome shortcoming of the prior art there is provided a kind of tungsten powder grading system for extra-coarse grained hard
The method of alloy.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of tungsten powder grading system comprises the steps for the method for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy：
1)：Order of ammoniumparatungstate crystal is soaked in alkali metal soln, obtains mixing alkali ammonium paratungstate；It is described that to mix alkali secondary
The incorporation of the alkali metal of ammonium tungstate is 50-300ppm；
2)：By step 1) obtain mix alkali ammonium paratungstate rotary furnace calcining obtain yellow tungsten, then by yellow tungsten by high temperature also
Original obtains tungsten powder；Described tungsten powder obtains tungsten carbide through high temperature cabonization.
Step 2) described in tungsten powder pass through jet mill grinding machine, remove be classified thick of fine grained in tungsten powder
Grain tungsten powder；The particle diameter of described coarse tungsten powder is more than 20 μm；Then obtained coarse tungsten powder progress high temperature cabonization is obtained
Tungsten carbide.
Described alkali metal soln is one or several kinds of mixing in NaOH, LiOH or KOH.
The average grain diameter of hard alloy prepared by described tungsten carbide is more than 6 μm, and porosity is between A02-B02.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
It is molten with alkali metal in Na2WO42H2O, the present invention relative to being added in the prior art in ammonium paratungstate (APT)
The form of liquid is added so that the amount of alkali metal is easier control, by obtained after the immersion drying of alkali metal soln to mix alkali secondary
Ammonium tungstate, particle diameter distribution is more uniform, you can make the coarse tungsten powder particle diameter distribution subsequently obtained more uniform, makes final be made
Alloy obtain more excellent performance.In addition, using NaOH, LiOH or KOH as raw material in the present invention, relative to addition tungsten
Hydrochlorate, cost is cheaper.
Meanwhile, preferably, obtained tungsten powder is subjected to coarse granule classification, obtains the coarse granule tungsten that particle diameter is more than 20 μm
Powder, it is possible to achieve final alloy property is more excellent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the SEM photograph of the APT after the doping of embodiment 1 NaOH；
Fig. 2 shows the SEM photograph of doping sodium tungstate in comparative example 1；
Fig. 3 shows the APT grain size distributions after the doping of embodiment 1 NaOH；
Fig. 4 shows the SEM photograph of the yellow tungsten of embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 shows the SEM photograph of the tungsten powder of embodiment 1；
Fig. 6 shows the SEM photograph of the tungsten carbide of embodiment 1；
Fig. 7 shows the SEM photograph of the tungsten carbide of comparative example 1；
Fig. 8 shows the microstructure of the alloy picture of embodiment 1.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand technical scheme, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and most
The present invention is described in further detail for good embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
1) preparation of alkali metal is mixed：Order of ammoniumparatungstate crystal is soaked in NaOH solution, obtains mixing alkali ammonium paratungstate；
The incorporation of the described Na metals for mixing alkali ammonium paratungstate is 100ppm；Wherein raw material order of ammoniumparatungstate crystal is purchased from Ganzhou sea otter
Tungsten Co., Ltd, it takes formula particle diameter more than 30 μm.
2)：By step 1) obtain mix alkali ammonium paratungstate through rotary furnace calcining obtain yellow tungsten, calcining heat is 700-730
℃。
3)：Then yellow tungsten is obtained into tungsten powder by high temperature reduction；The automatic pipe of high temperature 15 reduction of high temperature reduction process selection
Stove, reduction temperature is 1000 DEG C.
4)：By step 3) obtained described tungsten powder obtains tungsten carbide powder through high temperature cabonization.Carburizing temperature uses 2200 DEG C
It is carbonized under high temperature, obtains tungsten carbide powder.
5)：Tungsten-carbide powder is mixed with cobalt powder, WC-10Co hard alloy is made using powder metallurgical technique
Embodiment 2-3：
Embodiment 2 is identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, and the alkali metal for differing only in selection is different, what embodiment 2 was selected
Alkali metal is LiOH, and doping is 30ppm, and the alkali metal that embodiment 3 is selected is LiOH, and doping is 200ppm.
Embodiment 4：
Embodiment 4 is identical with the preparation method of embodiment 1, differs only in, step 2) described in tungsten powder pass through air-flow powder
Broken grader, removes the coarse tungsten powder that the fine grained in tungsten powder is classified；The particle diameter of described coarse tungsten powder is more than 20 μ
m；Then obtained coarse tungsten powder progress high temperature cabonization is obtained into tungsten carbide.
Comparative example 1：
Comparative example 1 is same as Example 1, differs only in, step 1) in addition alkali metal be Na2WO42H2O.
Wherein, embodiment 1 is for embodiment 2-3, and effect preferably, by taking embodiment 1 as an example, carries out performance test and said
It is bright：
1.1. alkali APT performance test is mixed：
Fig. 1 shows the SEM photograph of the APT after the doping of embodiment 1 NaOH, and Fig. 2 shows the SEM of doping sodium tungstate in comparative example
Photo.
Embodiment 1 and the particle diameter distribution of the APT after the alkali doped obtained in comparative example 1 are shown in table 1.Fig. 3 is shown
Grain size distribution.
Table 1
It was found from from table and in figure, the APT uniformities of doping NaOH productions are substantially better than using Doped Tungsten in comparative example
The SEM photograph of sour sodium.It is mainly manifested in+150~-200 mesh number amounts in embodiment 1 more, and+100 is less with -325 mesh.
1.2 mix influence of the alkali metal to the yellow tungsten performance of production
Table 2 shows to mix influence of the alkali metal to the yellow tungsten performance of production, mixes produced after Na in embodiment 1 as can be seen from Table 2
The yellow tungsten Fsss and HB that yellow tungsten Fsss and HB out is produced in comparative example than usual or so is much higher, and yellow tungsten particle can be made by mixing after Na
Degree and pine are than rise；From screening see and Fig. 4 shown in embodiment 1 in SEM photograph as can be seen that APT mix Na production yellow tungsten
APT screening form is continued, in normal distribution, granularity is concentrated, uniformly.
Table 2
1.3 mix influence of the alkali metal to coarse tungsten powder performance
Table 3 shows to mix influence of the alkali metal to coarse tungsten powder performance, and embodiment 1 mixes Na APT lifes as can be seen from Table 3
The tungsten powder particle-size of the production of tungsten powder comparative example 1 of production, grind size are close, but tungsten of the pine than mixing Na productions with tap density APT
Powder is substantially much higher.Fig. 5 shows the SEM photograph of the tungsten powder of embodiment 1.
Table 3
1.4 mix influence of the alkali metal to tungsten carbide
Table 4
It can be seen from Table 4 that embodiment 1 than the grind size of comparative example 1, pine than, make real it is all high.
1.5 mix influence of the alkali metal to super coarse-grain alloy
Table 5 shows to mix influence of the alkali metal to super coarse-grain alloy property, it can be seen that embodiment 1 from table and in Fig. 8
The alloy either density that the alloy ratio comparative example 1 of Na APT productions is produced is mixed, hardness also has cross-breaking strength and crystal grain
Degree has preferable performance, meanwhile, embodiment 4 is added after classification step, can also improve the performance of alloy.
Table 5
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tungsten powder grading system is for the method for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1)：Order of ammoniumparatungstate crystal is soaked in alkali metal soln, obtains mixing alkali ammonium paratungstate；Described mixes alkali para-tungstic acid
The incorporation of the alkali metal of ammonium is 50-300ppm；
2)：By step 1) obtain mix alkali ammonium paratungstate rotary furnace calcining obtain yellow tungsten, then yellow tungsten is obtained by high temperature reduction
To tungsten powder；Described tungsten powder obtains tungsten carbide through high temperature cabonization.
2. tungsten powder grading system according to claim 1 is for the method for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy, it is characterised in that step 2)
Described in tungsten powder pass through jet mill grinding machine, remove the coarse tungsten powder that is classified of fine grained in tungsten powder；Described
The particle diameter of coarse tungsten powder is more than 20 μm；Then obtained coarse tungsten powder progress high temperature cabonization is obtained into tungsten carbide.
3. tungsten powder grading system according to claim 1 is for the method for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy, it is characterised in that described
Alkali metal soln is one or several kinds of mixing in NaOH, LiOH or KOH.
4. tungsten powder grading system according to claim 1 is for the method for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy, it is characterised in that described
The average grain diameter of hard alloy prepared by tungsten carbide is more than 6 μm, and porosity is between A02-B02.
5. tungsten powder grading system according to claim 1 is for the method for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy, it is characterised in that step 1)
The incorporation of middle alkali metal is 100ppm ± 10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710528233.2A CN107265458A (en) | 2017-07-01 | 2017-07-01 | Tungsten powder grading system for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710528233.2A CN107265458A (en) | 2017-07-01 | 2017-07-01 | Tungsten powder grading system for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107265458A true CN107265458A (en) | 2017-10-20 |
Family
ID=60070682
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710528233.2A Pending CN107265458A (en) | 2017-07-01 | 2017-07-01 | Tungsten powder grading system for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107265458A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108892141A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-27 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of high-purity, ultrafine tungsten carbide preparation method |
| CN110054188A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-07-26 | 南方科技大学 | Nano silicon carbide tungsten particle and preparation method thereof |
| CN112760543A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 四川川钨硬质合金有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness hard alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113200548A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-03 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Method for preparing high-uniformity coarse-grain tungsten carbide powder by solution doping |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002020403A1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-14 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | Ultracoarse, monorystalline tungsten carbide and method for producing the same, and hard metal produced therefrom |
| CN102249234A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-23 | 潮州翔鹭钨业有限公司 | Preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide powder |
| CN104445416A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-25 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of uniform sodium-doped ammonium paratungstate and/or yellow tungsten oxide |
| CN106185944A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 南昌大学 | A kind of method preparing superfine tungsten carbide containing arsenic and the ammonium paratungstate of phosphorus or ammonium metatungstate |
| CN106583707A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 南昌硬质合金有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-liquidity oversized tungsten carbide-cobalt composite powder |
-
2017
- 2017-07-01 CN CN201710528233.2A patent/CN107265458A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002020403A1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-14 | H.C. Starck Gmbh | Ultracoarse, monorystalline tungsten carbide and method for producing the same, and hard metal produced therefrom |
| CN102249234A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-23 | 潮州翔鹭钨业有限公司 | Preparation method of ultra-coarse tungsten carbide powder |
| CN104445416A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-25 | 崇义章源钨业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of uniform sodium-doped ammonium paratungstate and/or yellow tungsten oxide |
| CN106185944A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 南昌大学 | A kind of method preparing superfine tungsten carbide containing arsenic and the ammonium paratungstate of phosphorus or ammonium metatungstate |
| CN106583707A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 南昌硬质合金有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-liquidity oversized tungsten carbide-cobalt composite powder |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110054188A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-07-26 | 南方科技大学 | Nano silicon carbide tungsten particle and preparation method thereof |
| CN108892141A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-27 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of high-purity, ultrafine tungsten carbide preparation method |
| CN112760543A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 四川川钨硬质合金有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness hard alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113200548A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-03 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Method for preparing high-uniformity coarse-grain tungsten carbide powder by solution doping |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109252081B (en) | High-entropy alloy binding phase superfine tungsten carbide hard alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106219547B (en) | A kind of method that solid-liquid doping method prepares the superfine WC power containing Cr | |
| CN101664809B (en) | Uniform macromeritic tungsten powder and method for preparing tungsten carbide powder | |
| CN107265458A (en) | Tungsten powder grading system for extra-coarse grained carbide alloy method | |
| CN107585768B (en) | Method for preparing superfine tungsten carbide powder by oxidation-reduction method | |
| US9079778B2 (en) | Production of near-stoichiometric spherical tungsten carbide particles | |
| CN101985717B (en) | Method for preparing high-tenacity super-coarse-grained tungsten and cobalt hard alloy | |
| KR101384006B1 (en) | Method for preparing ultrafine Tungsten Carbide powder | |
| CN102311114A (en) | Preparation method of nanometer tungsten carbide | |
| CN109261980A (en) | A kind of preparation method of heavy alloy tungsten powder | |
| CN104087790A (en) | Addition method of grain growth inhibitor used for preparation of ultrafine hard alloy | |
| CN113798504B (en) | Preparation method of rare earth oxide dispersion-reinforced tungsten powder for 3D printing | |
| CN105861905B (en) | A kind of titanium carbide base hard alloy of modified by nano particles and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107973299B (en) | Production system and production process of high-temperature-base WC powder | |
| JP2009024214A (en) | Hard metal and manufacturing method therefor | |
| CN109641806B (en) | Titanium carbonitride powder and method for producing titanium carbonitride powder | |
| WO2019169744A1 (en) | (wmo)c-based cemented carbide material and preparation method therefor | |
| CN101780545B (en) | Low-oxygen content submicron cobalt powder and cobalt oxalate precursor and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN103183347A (en) | Preparation method of crude tungsten carbide powder | |
| CN102699337A (en) | Method for synthesizing and preparing hard alloy powder by mixing original powder and regenerated powder | |
| CN107267836A (en) | A kind of twin crystal hard alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113579237B (en) | Preparation method for reducing apparent density of copper-tin alloy powder | |
| US9238854B2 (en) | Method of producing carbide and carbon nitride powders containing binder, and cermet obtained from the same | |
| CN113716565B (en) | Superfine tungsten carbide powder and preparation method thereof and hard alloy | |
| CN111020337B (en) | Inhibitor applied to preparation of superfine tungsten carbide and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20171020 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |