CN107254878B - A kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust - Google Patents
A kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust Download PDFInfo
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- CN107254878B CN107254878B CN201710545813.2A CN201710545813A CN107254878B CN 107254878 B CN107254878 B CN 107254878B CN 201710545813 A CN201710545813 A CN 201710545813A CN 107254878 B CN107254878 B CN 107254878B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of excavation methods of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust, it is the following steps are included: S1. bench excavation plan designs；S2., giant is set；S3. blasting boreholes；S4. it is laid with hose；S5. explosion；S6. it slags tap；S7. it demolishes walls bank.A kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope dust Control provided by the invention is compared with previous Excavation of High And Steep Slopes dust-removing method, the present invention, which takes reinforced gabion slag blocking wall, retained rock step debris retaining, slips slag vertical shaft slags tap, rock ballast is effectively reduced to tumble along side slope, a large amount of dust is avoided to generate, greatly improve construction environment, ensure that the health of construction personnel.Dust Control measure combination slope excavating explosion of the present invention and tap cinder construction scheme are implemented, strong operability, and the material therefors such as giant depositing dust, pipeline watering can recycle, and cost is relatively low, has good dust-laying effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control dust excavation methods for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and in particular to a kind of hydroelectric project
The excavation method of dam abutment high gradient slope control dust.
Background technique
Large-scale hydroelectric project is generally seated in high and steep mountains, and dam site two sides landform is steep, forms narrow " V " type paddy,
Dam abutment rock slope generally has the characteristics that side slope is high and steep, project amount is big, intensity of excavation is high.It is applied in dam abutment Excavation of High And Steep Slopes
In work, drilling, explosion, the process procedures such as slag tap are easy to produce in dust, especially blasting process, lean on the loose rock ballast of the quick-fried heap in river side
It is tumbled from top to down under blasting impact effect along high slope, hits to form a large amount of dust along journey and slope surface, in the effect of wind-force
Under, it is drifted along river valley, forms the dust pollution of large area, seriously affect work surface construction personnel's health, reduce construction area
Ambient air quality, or even the environment of nearby residents is caused to be complained.Further, since excavation slope construction site is narrow, Wu Fabu
Road of slagging tap is set, side slope, which is slagged tap, is usually taken the mode of " pushing away the slag lower reaches of the Changjiang River, foundation pit is slagged tap ", during pushing away slag to riverbed, rock ballast
Same generation a large amount of dust is tumbled in side slope.Excavate practice have shown that, it is Excavation of High And Steep Slopes dust that rock ballast is tumbled along high slope
The main reason for generation.
At present in engineering construction field, the wet types dust-removing methods such as pressure water bag, pipeline watering, high-pressure fog are generallyd use, this
A little methods have certain effect to the small-scale Excavation blasting depositing dust such as subterranean tunnel, low side slope, but for large area high gradient slope work
Journey is influenced by the factors such as landform, strong wind, xeothermic, and effect is limited, in addition, rock ballast tumbles the dust of generation in high slope, at present
It there is no preferable control method.Therefore, according to dam abutment high gradient slope blast working feature, with wet production, control rock ballast along high
Based on side slope tumbles, it is badly in need of studying a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, provides a kind of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control powder
The excavation method of dirt, this method are directed to hydroelectric project dam abutment Excavation of High And Steep Slopes feature, can effectively reduce each work in work progress
The dust that skill link generates improves construction area ambient air quality, reduces the influence to construction personnel around and resident.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust
Excavation method, comprising the following steps:
S1. bench excavation plan designs: before carrying out explosion according to side slope site contour condition and bench stage excavation width
Reinforced gabion slag blocking wall is arranged if the bench of bench slope excavating thickness < 20m in excavation plan design on the outside of side slope；If bench
Slope excavating thickness >=20m bench, point of two layers excavation, every layer is excavated and divides proparea and back zone, and proparea reserve wide 2~4m,
The rock stalk of high 7~8m is used as retained rock step；
S2., giant is set: giant being installed on the riding track of the above side slope of excavation face；
S3. blasting boreholes: blasting boreholes select the drilling machine with deduster to drill, and when drilling uses wet work；
S4. it is laid with hose: being laid with wounded in the battle hole hose in burst region, sufficiently sprinkle water and be impregnated with to explosion face after water flowing；
S5. explosion: opening the giant of step S2 setting, detonates after the 3~5min that persistently sprinkles water, giant after explosion
Persistently sprinkle water 8~10min；
S6. it slags tap: by road transport or slipping slag vertical shaft the rock ballast after explosion is transported to cinder field, in tapping process, watering
Quick-fried heap is sufficiently humidified so as to；
S7. it demolishes walls bank: reinforced gabion slag blocking wall or retained rock step is removed, the retained rock step is quick-fried using loosening on a small scale
Broken method point bench is successively removed.
Further, the height of reinforced gabion slag blocking wall described in step S1 is 2m, is made of reinforced gabion, each reinforcing bar
The size specification of gabion is 2m × 1m × 1m.
Further, proparea described in step S1 and back region width are arranged according to fifty-fifty equal part before and after excavating bench thickness.
Further, be divided into 55~66m between giant described in step S2, range is 56~99m, giant with
Excavation face difference in height < 45m, and every layer of setting 4~6 is giant.
Further, explosion described in step S5 selects the direction of reinforced gabion slag blocking wall or retained rock step for main explosion
Direction carries out explosion, and explosion loosens bench top rock after explosion, reduced explosion to greatest extent based on standing
The slungshot generated in journey；Buffer shooting is used on the inside of retained rock step, Uncoincided charge in more drillings, less powder charge, hole reaches to be formed
The effect of complete debris retaining bank, carries out secondary blasting for small part boulder in time.Giant and the flower hole hose of water flowing can
To suppress and intercept blasting dust diffusion, while reinforced gabion slag blocking wall and retained rock step intercept the loose rock ballast of explosion and roll along side slope
It falls, avoids generating dust.
Further, it is precipitous in landform that the setting of slag vertical shaft is slipped described in step S6, it is difficult to form road of obviously temporarily slagging tap
Side slope, rock ballast is ploughed under with backhoe after explosion and is slipped in slag vertical shaft, rock ballast is packed into self-unloading with loading machine slipping slag silo bottom
Vehicle is transported to cinder field.
Further, guiding blast area drilling depth is retained rock step bottom width when retained rock step described in step S7 is removed
2/3, blast hole unit consumption is 0.3~0.4kg/m, after retained rock step blasting, is gently dug inwardly with backhoe, prevents rock ballast from rolling along side slope
It falls.
The invention has the following advantages that a kind of excavation of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust provided by the invention
Compared with previous Excavation of High And Steep Slopes dust-removing method, the present invention takes reinforced gabion slag blocking wall, retained rock step debris retaining, slips method
Slag vertical shaft is slagged tap, and is effectively reduced rock ballast and is tumbled along side slope, a large amount of dust is avoided to generate.It is big for excavating thickness before explosion
Bench, using point of two layers excavation, every layer of excavation divides proparea and back zone, and the mode of proparea retained rock step is effectively controlled quick-fried
The generation of dust when broken；Greatly improve construction environment, ensure that the health and safety of construction personnel.Dust Control of the present invention is arranged
It applies and combines slope excavating explosion and tap cinder construction scheme, implement strong operability, the material therefors such as giant depositing dust, pipeline watering
It can recycle, cost is relatively low, has good dust-laying effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is experimental example slope excavating schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is experimental example layered and blocked excavation schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is arranged in experimental example high-pressure spray gun of the present invention；
In figure, 1- reinforced gabion slag blocking wall, the proparea 2-, the back zone 3-, 4- retained rock step, 5- riding track, 6- giant, 7- slipped
Slag vertical shaft.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, protection scope of the present invention be not limited to
It is lower described.
A kind of embodiment: excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust, comprising the following steps:
S1. bench excavation plan designs: before carrying out explosion according to side slope site contour condition and bench stage excavation width
Reinforced gabion slag blocking wall 1, the steel is arranged if the bench of bench slope excavating thickness < 20m in excavation plan design on the outside of side slope
The height of muscle gabion slag blocking wall 1 is 2m, is made of reinforced gabion, and the size specification of each reinforced gabion is 2m × 1m × 1m；If
Bench slope excavating thickness >=20m bench, point two layers of excavation, every layer of excavation divide proparea 2 and back zone 3, the proparea and back zone
Width arranged according to fifty-fifty equal part before and after excavating bench thickness, and wide 2~4m is reserved in proparea, the rock of high 7~8m obstructs conduct
Retained rock step 4；
S2., giant is set: giant 6 is installed on the riding track 5 of the above side slope of excavation face；The giant 6
Between be divided into 55~66m, range is 56~99m, giant 6 and excavation face difference in height < 45m, and every layer of setting 4~6 is high
Press hydraulic giant 6；
S3. blasting boreholes: blasting boreholes select the drilling machine with deduster to drill, and when drilling uses wet work；
S4. it is laid with hose: being laid with wounded in the battle hole hose in burst region, sufficiently sprinkle water and be impregnated with to explosion face after water flowing；
S5. explosion: opening the giant 6 of step S2 setting, detonates after the 3~5min that persistently sprinkles water, and explosion selection has steel
The direction of muscle gabion slag blocking wall 1 or retained rock step 4 is that main blasting direction carries out explosion, and explosion reserves rock based on standing
Buffer shooting is used on the inside of bank 4, giant 6 is persistently sprinkled water 8~10min after explosion；
S6. it slags tap: by road transport or slipping slag vertical shaft 7 rock ballast after explosion is transported to cinder field, slip the setting of slag vertical shaft 7 and exist
Landform is precipitous, it is difficult to and rock ballast is ploughed under after explosion with backhoe and is slipped in slag vertical shaft 7 by the side slope for forming road of obviously temporarily slagging tap,
It slips 7 bottom of slag vertical shaft and rock ballast loading dumper is transported to cinder field with loading machine.In tapping process, watering is sufficiently humidified so as to quick-fried heap；
S7. it demolishes walls bank: reinforced gabion slag blocking wall 1 or retained rock step 4 is removed, the retained rock step is loosened using small-scale
The method point bench of explosion is successively removed, and guiding blast area drilling depth is 4 bottom width of retained rock step when the retained rock step 4 is removed
2/3, blast hole unit consumption be 0.3~0.4kg/m, after 4 explosion of retained rock step, gently dug inwardly with backhoe, prevent rock ballast along side
Slope tumbles.
Experimental example:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, which is 1400m, lowest elevation 968m, maximum
Excavation height is 432m.For elevation 1400m hereinafter, river valley is narrow, bank slope is steep, and general 60 ° -75 ° of slope angle, elevation 1150m or less
In precipice shape, bank slope slope angle is up to 82 °.It is required according to design drawing, the every bench excavation height of the above side slope of side slope elevation 1280m is
15m sets wide 3m riding track among every grade of side slope, excavates slope ratio 1:0.1-1:0.3.The hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope controls dust
Excavation method, it the following steps are included:
S1. bench excavation plan designs: the slope excavating thickness above for right bank elevation 1360m is less than 20m bench, side slope
Reinforced gabion slag blocking wall 1 is arranged in outside, is made of reinforced gabion, and the size specification of reinforced gabion is 2m × 1m × 1m, using " 1+
1 " form is piled up, and is highly 2.0m；Thickness is excavated for right bank elevation 1360m or less and slope on left bank and is greater than 20m bench, is such as schemed
Shown in 2, point two layers of excavation, every layer of excavation divides proparea 2 and back zone 3, and width 2-4m, the high 7.5m rock ridge are reserved as retained rock step in proparea
4；
S2., giant is set: giant 6 is installed on the riding track 5 of the above side slope of excavation face；The giant 6
Between be divided into 60m, range is 56~99m, giant 6 and excavation face difference in height < 45m, and every layer of setting 4~6 is high pressure water
Rifle 6；
S3. blasting boreholes: blasting boreholes select the drilling machine with deduster to drill, and when drilling uses wet work；
S4. it is laid with hose: being laid with wounded in the battle hole hose in burst region, sufficiently sprinkle water and be impregnated with to explosion face after water flowing；
S5. explosion: opening the giant 6 of step S2 setting, detonates after the 3~5min that persistently sprinkles water, and explosion selection has steel
The direction of muscle gabion slag blocking wall 1 or retained rock step 4 is that main blasting direction carries out explosion, and explosion makes explosion based on standing
Afterwards, bench top rock loosens, and reduces the slungshot generated in blasting process to greatest extent, and unit rock amount of consumption of drugs is more by scene
Separate explosion test determines；Buffer shooting is used on the inside of retained rock step 4, Uncoincided charge in more drillings, less powder charge, hole reaches shape
At the effect of complete debris retaining bank, secondary blasting is carried out in time for small part boulder；Giant 6 persistently sprinkles water 8 after explosion
~10min；
S6. it slags tap: to left bank elevation 1350m-1280m side slope, since landform is very precipitous, it is difficult to form open-wire line and temporarily go out
Slag road is arranged that 1 diameter 8m's, deep 70m slips slag vertical shaft 7, after explosion, is ploughed under rock ballast with backhoe to provide the condition of slagging tap
It slips in slag vertical shaft 7, rock ballast loading dumper is transported to cinder field with loading machine slipping 7 bottom of slag vertical shaft.In tapping process, using spilling
Waterwheel or watering pipeline sufficiently sprinkle water wetting to quick-fried heap, control dress slag and turn over the dust that slag generates.
S7. it demolishes walls bank: reinforced gabion slag blocking wall 1 or retained rock step 4 is removed, the retained rock step is loosened using small-scale
The method point bench of explosion is successively removed, and guiding blast area drilling depth is 4 bottom width of retained rock step when the retained rock step 4 is removed
2/3, blast hole unit consumption be 0.3~0.4kg/m, after 4 explosion of retained rock step, gently dug inwardly with backhoe, prevent rock ballast along side
Slope tumbles.
The scene of experimental example is monitored, monitoring result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: field monitoring result
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, is all included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust, which comprises the following steps:
S1. bench excavation plan designs: excavating before carrying out explosion according to side slope site contour condition and bench stage excavation width
Reinforced gabion slag blocking wall (1) is arranged on the outside of side slope if the bench of bench slope excavating thickness < 20m in conceptual design；If bench side
Thickness >=20m bench is excavated on slope, point of two layers excavation, and every layer is excavated and divides proparea (2) and back zone (3), and proparea reserve it is wide by 2~
4m, high 7~8m rock stalk be used as retained rock step (4)；
S2., giant is set: giant (6) being installed on the riding track (5) of the above side slope of excavation face；
S3. blasting boreholes: blasting boreholes select the drilling machine with deduster to drill, and when drilling uses wet work；
S4. it is laid with hose: being laid with wounded in the battle hole hose in burst region, sufficiently sprinkle water and be impregnated with to explosion face after water flowing；
S5. explosion: opening the giant (6) of step S2 setting, detonates after the 3~5min that persistently sprinkles water, giant after explosion
(6) persistently sprinkle water 8~10min；
S6. it slags tap: by road transport or slipping slag vertical shaft (7) rock ballast after explosion is transported to cinder field, in tapping process, watering
Quick-fried heap is sufficiently humidified so as to；
S7. it demolishes walls bank: reinforced gabion slag blocking wall (1) or retained rock step (4) is removed, the retained rock step is using small-scale pine
The method point bench of dynamic explosion is successively removed.
2. a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The height of reinforced gabion slag blocking wall (1) described in step S1 is 2m, is made of reinforced gabion, the size specification of each reinforced gabion
For 2m × 1m × 1m.
3. a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Proparea described in step S1 (2) and back zone (3) width are arranged according to fifty-fifty equal part before and after excavating bench thickness.
4. a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
55~66m is divided between giant described in step S2 (6), range is 56~99m, giant (6) and excavation face height
Poor < 45m, and every layer of setting 4~6 is giant (6).
5. a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is quick-fried that explosion described in step S5 selects the direction of reinforced gabion slag blocking wall (1) or retained rock step (4) to carry out for main blasting direction
Broken, explosion uses buffer shooting based on standing on the inside of retained rock step (4).
6. a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is precipitous in landform that slag vertical shaft (7) setting is slipped described in step S6, it is difficult to which the side slope for forming road of obviously temporarily slagging tap is used after explosion
Rock ballast is ploughed under in backhoe to slip in slag vertical shaft (7), and rock ballast loading dumper is transported to slag with loading machine slipping slag vertical shaft (7) bottom
?.
7. a kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Guiding blast area drilling depth is the 2/3 of retained rock step (4) bottom width when retained rock step described in step S7 (4) is removed, blast hole
Unit consumption is 0.3~0.4kg/m, after retained rock step (4) explosion, is gently dug inwardly with backhoe, prevents rock ballast from tumbling along side slope.
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| CN201710545813.2A CN107254878B (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2017-07-06 | A kind of excavation method of hydroelectric project dam abutment high gradient slope control dust |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108759598A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-06 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of bench blasting for protecting lateral slungshot cooperates with construction method |
| CN108842781A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-11-20 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of Excavation of High And Steep Slopes tap cinder construction method |
| CN109000524B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2021-11-05 | 长安大学 | Boundary control blasting method for reducing over-excavation and under-excavation |
| CN112179224B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-06-28 | 大昌建设集团有限公司 | Slope blasting method |
| CN112443329A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-05 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Open-pit mine excavation site structure capable of preventing flying stones and reducing noise and construction method |
| CN113680163A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-23 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Automatic dust fall system for blasting excavation of high slope bench |
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| JP3824210B2 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2006-09-20 | 上毛緑産工業株式会社 | Spraying method for slope greening |
| CN203007958U (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-06-19 | 中铁十局集团第三建设有限公司 | Protection system for eliminating sliding mass |
| CN104107609B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2015-08-05 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | For the dig on a wide area explosion combination dust-removing method of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering |
| CN104727328A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-24 | 四川大学 | Method for removing loose substances on surface of slope based on high-pressure water jet technique |
| CN105484275B (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2018-02-27 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of high steep waste side slope reinforcement anchoring Ecosystem restoration system of mountain area wind power plant |
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