CN107252497A - 一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料 - Google Patents
一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料，所述医用辅料依次包括以下五层：外层，第二外层，芯层，第二底层，底层；第二外层上的间断区域与外层上的凸起以及芯层的上表面相配合，形成外层填充腔；第二底层上的间断区域与底层上的凸起以及芯层的下表面相配合，形成底层填充腔；外层填充腔中设置有外层填充物，底层填充腔中设置有底层填充物；外层采用单向防水材料制成；所述第二外层采用亲水透气材料制成；所述芯层采用弹性材料制成；所述第二底层采用亲水透气材料制成；所述底层采用吸水材料制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用辅料，特别涉及一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料。
背景技术
生活中伤口随处可见，常常会引起皮肤和软组织的损伤，一旦引发，将给人们的生活和工作带来诸多不便，甚至威胁着人类的健康。尤其是烧烫伤，作为一种突发性的社会灾害，提高对其发病的认识和救治水平具有十分重要的临床和社会意义。烧伤一般系指热力，如热液(热水、热油、热 汤)、火焰、炽热金属(溶化的液体或炽热的固体)、蒸气、高温气体、电能、 化学物质、放射线、微波等所致的组织损伤，主要是皮肤损害。严重者可伤 及皮下组织、肌肉、骨骼、关节、神经、血管甚至内脏。烧烫伤存在着创面 疼痛、进行性坏死、易感染、瘢痕愈合、亦溃烂、难以生肌等难题，治疗烧 烫伤的药物亦是针对这四大问题进行的。为了使伤口不受感染，能较快地愈合，先要对伤口进行消毒处理，常用的消毒液有碘酒、酒精、双氧水等，但这些物质刺激性比较大，应避免大剂量使用，尤其化脓性伤口，脓性分泌物和伤口内部的脂肪会与碘起反应，生成化合物而使其失效。
外用药物治疗在烧伤治疗中占有首要突出地位，烧伤后正确处理创面， 不仅能减少感染，而且可以防止并发症的发生。
外用辅料不但需要具有抗菌的作用，还需要具有生物滋养功能，这是是依据中医“扶正固本”和现代伤口营养学理论所得出的，这种辅料能够阻隔伤口与环境接触，预防外界感染，促进创口的愈合，常用的滋养和抗菌物质有：
胶原蛋白，其是一种优良的天然高分子物质，是细胞外基质的主要成分，来源广泛，主要分布在皮肤、骨骼、肌腱、血管等多个部位，具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。胶原蛋白具有独特的三螺旋结构，不仅对组织和器官起支撑和保护作用，而且还参与一系列的生物过程，包括细胞的粘附、迁移和分化以及组织再生，除此之外，胶原蛋白还具有止血、促进组织生长、修复损伤、保湿锁水、减轻色素等多种功效。因此，作为天然的生物质资源，胶原蛋白在食品、医学、美容、组织工程等工业中应用的重要性和经济地位日益突出。目前临床上已上市的胶原蛋白敷料，多以牛胶原等动物胶原为原料，具有高成本，高风险等缺点。
壳聚糖，壳聚糖分子中有不饱和的阳离子基团，对带负电荷的各类有害物质如细菌、真菌和病毒等有强大的吸附作用，如金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠杆菌，白色念珠菌等。通过对红细胞明显而直接的黏附和聚集作用，壳聚糖可以实现良好的止血、镇痛作用，并且可促进内白细胞杀菌素和巨噬细胞的迁移，促进伤口愈合，在伤口处通过促进肉芽组织及上皮的生成，减少伤口的收缩，起到抑制疤痕的功效。
透明质酸，其能改善皮肤生长条件，为真皮胶原蛋白和弹性纤维的合成提供优越的外部环境，加强营养物质的供给，起到护肤养颜的效果。研究表明，透明质酸可以阻止细胞中一些酶的产生，减少自由基的形成，在防止自由基破坏细胞结构、产生脂质过氧化和引起肌体衰老等方面起着重要作用。低分子量透明质酸具有抗炎、抑制病菌产生、保持皮肤光洁的作用，为细胞增殖与分化提供适合的场所，直接促进细胞生长、分化、重建于修复等。透明质酸还能促进表皮细胞的增殖和分化、清除氧自由基，可预防和修复皮肤损伤。
表皮生长因子，其能促进DNA、RNA、功能蛋白质和细胞外大分子的生物合成，增加皮肤含水量，进而增加皮肤弹性，滋润肌肤。其具有如下功效：(1)促进细胞营养物质从细胞外主动运至细胞内，增加细胞内的营养。(2)促进真皮层细胞分泌合成胶原纤维、多糖、糖蛋白等功能分子，使皮下真皮组织饱满、肌纤维排列整齐紧密，从而减少和消除皱纹。(3)通过与表皮生长因子受体结合刺激表皮细胞进入细胞***周期，启动细胞内一些重要功能基因活化、表达、分泌生物活性蛋白等。(4)促使胶原纤维呈线状排列，表皮细胞快速规则生长并及时覆盖创面。(5)明显加速美容、整容术后及其他皮肤创伤等伤口愈合，并保持创面平整光滑，使癍痕减少或消失，并且减少色素沉着，消除色斑。在祛斑的治疗期和 恢复期使用表皮生长因子能有效遏制色斑的复发。’
银的抗菌性能早在16世纪就广泛地应用于医药界，如用银片覆盖伤口预防溃烂，用银丝织成纱布包裹皮肤创伤等。20世纪30年代，抗生素的发现一度使人们忽视了对银抗菌性能的利用。然而，随着抗生素等化学药物的滥用，越来越多的微生物通过变异产生了耐药性，使得一些疾病无法医治，而纳米银是以纳米技术为基础研制而成的新型抗菌产品，由于量子效应、小尺寸效应和具有极大的比表面积，因而具有传统无机抗菌剂无法比拟的抗菌效果，且安全性高、效力持久，是一种具有长效性和耐候性抗菌剂。有关纳米银杀菌作用的原理，多数学者认为，超细状态银表面积极大，在水中呈Ag+，因此纳米银的杀菌作用主要与银离子有关，可与菌体中酶蛋白中的-SH迅速结合，供代谢关键酶失活，使致病菌不能代谢而死亡；其次，纳米银可与致病菌DNA碱基结合并形成交叉链接，置换嘌呤和嘧啶中相邻氮之间的氢键，使DNA变性而不能复制，导致致病菌失活。纳米银的原子排列表面为介于固体和分子之间的“介态”，这种活性极强的纳米银微粒具备超强抗菌能力，可杀死细菌、真菌、支原体、衣原体等致病微生物。此外，纳米银又是非抗生素类杀菌剂，目前没有任何细菌对银产生耐药性，无不良反应，不产生交叉感染，可见，纳米银除了广谱、抑菌杀菌作用强之外、还能促进组织修复与再生，安全、毒副作用小。
医用辅料的载体或者基体一般为织物，尤其是非织造材料效果更佳，非织造材料由于其原料广泛、工艺种类多、技术变化灵活、生产速度高及生产成本低等 特点，广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。随着经济的发展和科技的进步，非织造新材料、新 工艺、新产品在不断涌现，应用领域在不断拓展。
水刺加固作为非织造材料的机械加固工艺之一，具有生产速度高、生产过程无环境污染 等优点，其产品多为用即弃类材料，现广泛且大量用于医用及民用卫生材料等领域。而在医用卫生材料领域，以医用辅料为例，由于使用者的汗液产生却无法排出，或者有血液及其他液体渗透，会影响辅料使用的舒适性，且可能造成细菌在辅料上的滋生，从而导致感染，带来不必要的风险。其既需要对水、酒精、血液的抗渗透性，又需要对人体汗液的导水性。由此，医用辅料材料领域内的非织造产品是存在对于单向导水功能的需求的。
因此，目前有必要开发一种即具有抗菌性能，还具有生物滋养特性，同时还具有单向导水功能的新型医用辅料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种即具有抗菌性能，还具有生物滋养特性，同时还具有单向导水功能的新型医用辅料。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料，所述医用辅料依次包括以下五层：外层，第二外层，芯层，第二底层，底层；其中，外层在使用时位于与外界环境接触的最外表面，底层在使用时是直接与伤口或生物组织接触的一面；芯层位于五层中最中间位置，外层和芯层中间是第二外层，芯层和底层之间是第二底层；第二外层和第二底层上分别设置有位于芯层上表面和芯层下表面的间断区域，外层和底层上设置有分别与第二外层和第二底层上的间断区域所对应的凸起；第二外层上的间断区域与外层上的凸起以及芯层的上表面相配合，形成外层填充腔；第二底层上的间断区域与底层上的凸起以及芯层的下表面相配合，形成底层填充腔；外层填充腔中设置有外层填充物，底层填充腔中设置有底层填充物；其中，所述外层采用单向防水材料制成；所述第二外层采用亲水透气材料制成；所述芯层采用弹性材料制成；所述第二底层采用亲水透气材料制成；所述底层采用吸水材料制成。
进一步地，所述外层填充物为包括胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、透明质酸混合凝胶；所述底层填充物为包括表皮生长因子、壳聚糖、透明质酸以及金属亚砷的氧化物的凝胶。
进一步地，其特征在于，所述第二外层和第二底层的亲水透气材料为水刺非织造材料，所述水刺非织造材料由亲水性纤维和疏水性纤维分别梳理成网后得到纤维网。
进一步地，所述亲水性纤维为粘胶纤维、木浆纤维或海藻纤维；所述疏水性纤维为壳聚糖纤维。
进一步地，所述外层的单向防水材料为包括PP纺粘无纺布、PE高分子透气膜的防水透气膜；所述底层为采用超吸水纤维制成的针刺无纺布材料。
进一步地，所述外层上喷施纳米银微粒。
进一步地，所述外层填充物的混合凝胶的比例为胶原蛋白25-35重量份、壳聚糖5-9重量份、透明质酸12-16重量份以及适量基材；所述底层填充物的凝胶的比例为包括表皮生长因子12-16重量份、壳聚糖15-20重量份、透明质酸15-20重量份、金属亚砷的氧化物0.5-1重量份以及适量基材辅料。
本发明的医用辅料依次包括以下五层：外层，第二外层，芯层，第二底层，底层；芯层位于正中间，芯层采用弹性材料制成，为整个辅料提供必要的弹性支撑，维持辅料的强力和外观形态。外层采用单向防水材料制成，第二外层采用亲水透气材料制成，芯层采用弹性材料制成，第二底层采用亲水透气材料制成，底层采用吸水材料制成，底层的吸水材料将伤口或者生物组织渗出的组织液或者其他液体及时吸收，保持伤口附近的环境保持清爽干净，同时，在底层填充腔中设置有底层填充物中的表皮生长因子、壳聚糖以及透明质酸会促进伤口的再生和愈合，而且在生物组织自体的组织液被吸收后，这些物质还会保持伤口处应该具备的湿润程度，进一步促进伤口的愈合。
在辅料中添加的铺放胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、透明质酸、表皮生长因子的混合凝胶，胶原蛋白是细胞外基质的主要成分，来源广泛，主要分布在皮肤、骨骼、肌腱、血管等多个部位，具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。胶原蛋白具有独特的三螺旋结构，不仅对组织和器官起支撑和保护作用，而且还参与一系列的生物过程，包括细胞的粘附、迁移和分化以及组织再生；壳聚糖分子中有不饱和的阳离子基团，对带负电荷的各类有害物质如细菌、真菌和病毒等有强大的吸附作用，通过对红细胞明显而直接的黏附和聚集作用，壳聚糖可以实现良好的止血、镇痛作用；透明质酸能改善皮肤生长条件，为真皮胶原蛋白和弹性纤维的合成提供优越的外部环境，加强营养物质的供给，起到护肤养颜的效果；表皮生长因子，其能促进DNA、RNA、功能蛋白质和细胞外大分子的生物合成，增加皮肤含水量，进而增加皮肤弹性，滋润肌肤；纳米银可与致病菌DNA碱基结合并形成交叉链接，置换嘌呤和嘧啶中相邻氮之间的氢键，使DNA变性而不能复制，导致致病菌失活，可杀死细菌、真菌、支原体、衣原体等致病微生物。使用使，喷施有纳米银微粒的一面朝外，喷施有金属砷氧化物的一面朝内，金属砷氧化物可以减轻疤痕程度，并且这一面的亲水性纤维可以及时吸收伤口上多余的水分将其排出；纳米银微粒具有抗菌效果，可以避免外界细菌对辅料和伤口产生污染，同时这一面的疏水性纤维又可以起到组却外界水分沁入辅料的作用，保持辅料干爽。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明无需使用整理剂，可直接使用现有的生产设备，工艺流程短，工艺简单、生产速度快；本发明可加工纤维种类的范围广，可在市场有售的各类亲水性、疏水性纤维中按需求进 行纤维种类的组合，且组合后的材料可具有功能性，如壳聚糖纤维抗菌等；本发明所制得的非织造材料在非织造材料领域内实现了单向导水功能，使用亲水性和疏水性的天然来源的纤维材料，可广泛用于医用、民用卫生材料领域，如医用防护服、创伤辅料和尿布包覆层等。本发明的医用敷料适用于各种形状的创口，特别适合于创口的肉芽生长；本发明抗菌滋养医用敷料，具有抗感染、滋养创口功效；能促进表皮组织的生长，减少疤痕组织生长，有益于表皮组织的生长，促进创口愈合。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图中，1、外层，2、第二外层，3、芯层，4、第二底层，5、底层，6、外层填充腔，7、底层填充腔，8、外层填充物，9、底层填充物。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，对本方案进行阐述。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
实施方式一
一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料，所述医用辅料依次包括以下五层：外层1，第二外层2，芯层3，第二底层4，底层5；其中，外层1在使用时位于与外界环境接触的最外表面，底层5在使用时是直接与伤口或生物组织接触的一面；芯层3位于五层中最中间位置，外层1和芯层3中间是第二外层2，芯层3和底层5之间是第二底层4；第二外层2和第二底层4上分别设置有位于芯层上表面和芯层下表面的间断区域，外层1和底层5上设置有分别与第二外层2和第二底层4上的间断区域所对应的凸起；第二外层2上的间断区域与外层1上的凸起以及芯层3的上表面相配合，形成外层填充腔6；第二底层4上的间断区域与底层5上的凸起以及芯层3的下表面相配合，形成底层填充腔7；外层填充腔6中设置有外层填充物8，底层填充腔7中设置有底层填充物9；其中，所述外层1采用单向防水材料制成；所述第二外层2采用亲水透气材料制成；所述芯层3采用弹性材料制成；所述第二底层4采用亲水透气材料制成；所述底层5采用吸水材料制成。
进一步地，所述外层填充物8为包括胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、透明质酸混合凝胶；所述底层填充物9为包括表皮生长因子、壳聚糖、透明质酸以及金属亚砷的氧化物的凝胶。
进一步地，其特征在于，所述第二外层2和第二底层4的亲水透气材料为水刺非织造材料，所述水刺非织造材料由亲水性纤维和疏水性纤维分别梳理成网后得到纤维网。
进一步地，所述亲水性纤维为粘胶纤维、木浆纤维或海藻纤维；所述疏水性纤维为壳聚糖纤维。
进一步地，所述外层1的单向防水材料为包括PP纺粘无纺布、PE高分子透气膜的防水透气膜；所述底层5为采用超吸水纤维制成的针刺无纺布材料。
进一步地，所述外层1上喷施纳米银微粒。
进一步地，所述外层填充物8的混合凝胶的比例为胶原蛋白25重量份、壳聚糖5重量份、透明质酸12重量份以及适量基材；所述底层填充物9的凝胶的比例为包括表皮生长因子12重量份、壳聚糖15重量份、透明质酸15重量份、金属亚砷的氧化物0.5重量份以及适量基材辅料。
实施方式二
一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料，所述医用辅料依次包括以下五层：外层1，第二外层2，芯层3，第二底层4，底层5；其中，外层1在使用时位于与外界环境接触的最外表面，底层5在使用时是直接与伤口或生物组织接触的一面；芯层3位于五层中最中间位置，外层1和芯层3中间是第二外层2，芯层3和底层5之间是第二底层4；第二外层2和第二底层4上分别设置有位于芯层上表面和芯层下表面的间断区域，外层1和底层5上设置有分别与第二外层2和第二底层4上的间断区域所对应的凸起；第二外层2上的间断区域与外层1上的凸起以及芯层3的上表面相配合，形成外层填充腔6；第二底层4上的间断区域与底层5上的凸起以及芯层3的下表面相配合，形成底层填充腔7；外层填充腔6中设置有外层填充物8，底层填充腔7中设置有底层填充物9；其中，所述外层1采用单向防水材料制成；所述第二外层2采用亲水透气材料制成；所述芯层3采用弹性材料制成；所述第二底层4采用亲水透气材料制成；所述底层5采用吸水材料制成。
进一步地，所述外层填充物8为包括胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、透明质酸混合凝胶；所述底层填充物9为包括表皮生长因子、壳聚糖、透明质酸以及金属亚砷的氧化物的凝胶。
进一步地，其特征在于，所述第二外层2和第二底层4的亲水透气材料为水刺非织造材料，所述水刺非织造材料由亲水性纤维和疏水性纤维分别梳理成网后得到纤维网。
进一步地，所述亲水性纤维为粘胶纤维、木浆纤维或海藻纤维；所述疏水性纤维为壳聚糖纤维。
进一步地，所述外层1的单向防水材料为包括PP纺粘无纺布、PE高分子透气膜的防水透气膜；所述底层5为采用超吸水纤维制成的针刺无纺布材料。
进一步地，所述外层1上喷施纳米银微粒。
进一步地，所述外层填充物8的混合凝胶的比例为胶原蛋白35重量份、壳聚糖9重量份、透明质酸16重量份以及适量基材；所述底层填充物9的凝胶的比例为包括表皮生长因子16重量份、壳聚糖20重量份、透明质酸20重量份、金属亚砷的氧化物1重量份以及适量基材辅料。
以上实施方式中，在辅料中铺放的胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、透明质酸、表皮生长因子的混合凝胶，胶原蛋白是细胞外基质的主要成分，来源广泛，主要分布在皮肤、骨骼、肌腱、血管等多个部位，具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。胶原蛋白具有独特的三螺旋结构，不仅对组织和器官起支撑和保护作用，而且还参与一系列的生物过程，包括细胞的粘附、迁移和分化以及组织再生；壳聚糖分子中有不饱和的阳离子基团，对带负电荷的各类有害物质如细菌、真菌和病毒等有强大的吸附作用，通过对红细胞明显而直接的黏附和聚集作用，壳聚糖可以实现良好的止血、镇痛作用；透明质酸能改善皮肤生长条件，为真皮胶原蛋白和弹性纤维的合成提供优越的外部环境，加强营养物质的供给，起到护肤养颜的效果；表皮生长因子，其能促进DNA、RNA、功能蛋白质和细胞外大分子的生物合成，增加皮肤含水量，进而增加皮肤弹性，滋润肌肤；纳米银可与致病菌DNA碱基结合并形成交叉链接，置换嘌呤和嘧啶中相邻氮之间的氢键，使DNA变性而不能复制，导致致病菌失活，可杀死细菌、真菌、支原体、衣原体等致病微生物。使用使，喷施有纳米银微粒的一面朝外，喷施有金属砷氧化物的一面朝内，金属砷氧化物可以减轻疤痕程度，并且这一面的亲水性纤维可以及时吸收伤口上多余的水分将其排出；纳米银微粒具有抗菌效果，可以避免外界细菌对辅料和伤口产生污染，同时这一面的疏水性纤维又可以起到组却外界水分沁入辅料的作用，保持辅料干爽。
本发明无需使用整理剂，可直接使用现有的生产设备，工艺流程短，工艺简单、生产速度快；本发明可加工纤维种类的范围广，可在市场有售的各类亲水性、疏水性纤维中按需求进 行纤维种类的组合，且组合后的材料可具有功能性，如壳聚糖纤维抗菌等；本发明所制得的非织造材料在非织造材料领域内实现了单向导水功能，使用亲水性和疏水性的天然来源的纤维材料，可广泛用于医用、民用卫生材料领域，如医用防护服、创伤辅料和尿布包覆层等。本发明的医用敷料适用于各种形状的创口，特别适合于创口的肉芽生长；本发明抗菌滋养医用敷料，具有抗感染、滋养创口功效；能促进表皮组织的生长，减少疤痕组织生长，有益于表皮组织的生长，促进创口愈合。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有抗菌滋养功能的医用辅料，其特征在于，所述医用辅料依次包括以下五层：外层，第二外层，芯层，第二底层，底层；其中，外层在使用时位于与外界环境接触的最外表面，底层在使用时是直接与伤口或生物组织接触的一面；芯层位于五层中最中间位置，外层和芯层中间是第二外层，芯层和底层之间是第二底层；第二外层和第二底层上分别设置有位于芯层上表面和芯层下表面的间断区域，外层和底层上设置有分别与第二外层和第二底层上的间断区域所对应的凸起；第二外层上的间断区域与外层上的凸起以及芯层的上表面相配合，形成外层填充腔；第二底层上的间断区域与底层上的凸起以及芯层的下表面相配合，形成底层填充腔；外层填充腔中设置有外层填充物，底层填充腔中设置有底层填充物；其中，所述外层采用单向防水材料制成；所述第二外层采用亲水透气材料制成；所述芯层采用弹性材料制成；所述第二底层采用亲水透气材料制成；所述底层采用吸水材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医用辅料，其特征在于，所述外层填充物为包括胶原蛋白、壳聚糖、透明质酸混合凝胶；所述底层填充物为包括表皮生长因子、壳聚糖、透明质酸以及金属亚砷的氧化物的凝胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医用辅料，其特征在于，所述第二外层和第二底层的亲水透气材料为水刺非织造材料，所述水刺非织造材料由亲水性纤维和疏水性纤维分别梳理成网后得到纤维网。
4.根据权利要求3所述的医用辅料，其特征在于，所述亲水性纤维为粘胶纤维、木浆纤维或海藻纤维；所述疏水性纤维为壳聚糖纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的医用辅料，其特征在于，所述外层的单向防水材料为包括PP纺粘无纺布、PE高分子透气膜的防水透气膜；所述底层为采用超吸水纤维制成的针刺无纺布材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的医用辅料，其特征在于，所述外层上喷施纳米银微粒。
7.根据权利要求2所述的医用辅料，其特征在于，所述外层填充物的混合凝胶的比例为胶原蛋白25-35重量份、壳聚糖5-9重量份、透明质酸12-16重量份以及适量基材；所述底层填充物的凝胶的比例为包括表皮生长因子12-16重量份、壳聚糖15-20重量份、透明质酸15-20重量份、金属亚砷的氧化物0.5-1重量份以及适量基材辅料。
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| CN114889241A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-12 | 绍兴金海曼针织服饰有限公司 | 一种新型抗菌纺织面料 |
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| CN114305869A (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-12 | 福智医疗科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种可具有杀菌滋养效果的医用辅料 |
| CN114889241A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-12 | 绍兴金海曼针织服饰有限公司 | 一种新型抗菌纺织面料 |
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