CN107248692B - Ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength-adjustable composite cavity optical fiber laser - Google Patents

Ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength-adjustable composite cavity optical fiber laser Download PDF

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CN107248692B
CN107248692B CN201710356895.6A CN201710356895A CN107248692B CN 107248692 B CN107248692 B CN 107248692B CN 201710356895 A CN201710356895 A CN 201710356895A CN 107248692 B CN107248692 B CN 107248692B
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童杏林
汪鹏飞
邓承伟
张翠
郭倩
丁磊
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/1067—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using pressure or deformation

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Abstract

The invention discloses a wavelength-adjustable composite cavity fiber laser with an ultra-narrow line width, which is characterized in that a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a 2 x 2 fiber coupler, a first optical isolator and a Y-shaped fiber coupler are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped main resonant cavity, and a tunable F-P filter, a semiconductor saturable absorber, the 2 x 2 fiber coupler and a second optical isolator are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped short resonant cavity. The tunable fiber laser has a reasonable structure, and based on a linear cavity, an annular cavity and a composite cavity fiber laser, the change state of the length of a built-in piezoelectric ceramic cavity is adjusted by changing the size, the frequency and the waveform of a voltage signal applied to a tunable F-P filter, so that the fiber laser is subjected to line width deep compression and wavelength precise tuning to obtain the functions of ultra-narrow line width and adjustable wavelength; the invention has the outstanding advantages of simple structure, electromagnetic interference resistance, ultra-narrow wavelength line width, lower cost and the like.

Description

Ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength-adjustable composite cavity optical fiber laser
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser transmitters, in particular to a composite cavity optical fiber laser with adjustable ultra-narrow linewidth and wavelength.
Background
At present, an important development hot spot direction of the fiber laser is the ultra-narrow linewidth fiber laser. The existing research shows that the single longitudinal mode ultra-narrow linewidth optical fiber laser mainly has two structures of a wire cavity and a ring cavity. The laser can be manufactured into a distributed feedback grating (DFB) and a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) linear short-cavity fiber laser with wider free spectral width by writing fiber gratings on a shorter gain fiber, the laser can realize single longitudinal mode operation by designing parameters such as gain of the gain fiber, reflectivity of the gratings, cavity length and the like, the line width of output laser can reach below 10KHz, and the cavity length can be changed by extruding piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) to realize wavelength tuning of the laser. The structure of the annular cavity fiber laser for realizing single longitudinal mode operation is slightly complex, single longitudinal mode output of the laser can be realized through a certain line width compression and frequency stabilization mechanism, and the line width of laser output by the laser can be smaller than 1 KHz.
The ultra-narrow linewidth optical fiber laser is characterized in that the output laser has extremely narrow linewidth, and the narrowest linewidth can reach 10-8nm, laser is output in the form of a single longitudinal mode of intracavity vibration, and at present, one of the main means for obtaining a laser signal with a linewidth of less than kilohertz is external cavity compression. The implementation mode is that a reference cavity with extremely high stability and ultra-narrow pass band is used for filtering a laser source, and finally, a laser signal with the line width reaching Hertz or even milliHertz magnitude is obtained.
The external cavity compression method has the advantages that a laser signal with extremely narrow line width and high stability can be obtained, but the defects are also obvious, the volume of a key device, namely a high-fineness reference cavity, is often huge, a whole set of thermal stabilization and shock isolation mechanism is needed to ensure the stability of the reference cavity, and the requirements of applications such as communication and high-precision sensing cannot be met. The fiber laser with the ring cavity structure can obtain output with the laser linewidth smaller than kilohertz, the laser based on nonlinear effect (such as stimulated Brillouin scattering, backward Rayleigh scattering and the like) can also obtain output with the linewidth of hundred hertz, the resonant cavity of the fiber laser is often as long as several meters to hundreds of meters, is very easy to be interfered by external environment, cannot be integrated and is difficult to be applied on a large scale.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvements and developments in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite cavity optical fiber laser with ultra-narrow line width and adjustable wavelength, aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a composite cavity fiber laser with an ultra-narrow linewidth and an adjustable wavelength, which comprises a pumping light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a 2 x 2 fiber coupler, a first optical isolator, a Y-shaped fiber coupler, a tunable F-P filter, a second optical isolator and a semiconductor saturated absorber, wherein the pumping light source is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer through the wavelength division multiplexer; the wavelength division multiplexer, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the 2 x 2 fiber coupler, the first optical isolator and the Y-shaped fiber coupler are sequentially connected to form an annular main resonant cavity, wherein the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the first optical isolator are respectively connected with the second terminal and the fourth terminal of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler, the pumping light source is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer, and one end of the Y-shaped fiber coupler is led out and serves as a laser output end; the tunable F-P filter, the semiconductor saturable absorber, the optical fiber coupler and the second optical isolator are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped short resonant cavity, wherein the semiconductor saturable absorber and the second optical isolator are respectively connected with the first terminal and the third terminal of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler.
According to the scheme, the main resonant cavity and the short resonant cavity form the ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength-adjustable composite cavity optical fiber laser, and the tunable F-P filter is a frequency selection device of the composite cavity optical fiber laser.
According to the scheme, the free spectral range of the composite cavity fiber laser is similar to that of the short resonant cavity, and further the cavity length of the short resonant cavity is controlled to increase the longitudinal mode interval.
According to the scheme, the tunable F-P filter is a high-performance lead-based piezoelectric ceramic filter.
According to the scheme, the semiconductor saturable absorber is prepared by adopting carbon nano tubes.
According to the above scheme, the tunable F-P filter 8 follows the principle of multi-beam interference, and the phase difference between each transmitted wave and the previous transmitted wave is:
Figure GDA0002234426120000021
wherein lambda is the output wavelength of the single-mode laser, n is the refractive index of the substance in the cavity, i is the refraction angle, and d represents the cavity length of the F-P tunable filter.
The transmitted light intensity is:
Figure GDA0002234426120000022
wherein R is the fiber end face reflectivity of the F-P cavity in the tunable F-P filter, I0Is the initial light intensity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the tunable fiber laser has a reasonable structure, and based on the prior art of fiber lasers with linear cavities, annular cavities and composite cavities, the change state of the length of the built-in piezoelectric ceramic cavity is adjusted by changing the size, frequency and waveform of a voltage signal applied to the tunable F-P filter, so that the fiber laser is subjected to line width deep compression and wavelength precise tuning, and the functions of ultra-narrow line width and wavelength adjustment are achieved; the invention has the outstanding advantages of simple structure, electromagnetic interference resistance, ultra-narrow wavelength line width, lower cost and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a pump light source; 2. a wavelength division multiplexer; 3. an erbium-doped fiber amplifier; 4. a 2 × 2 fiber coupler; 5. a first optical isolator; 6. a Y-type fiber coupler; 7. a second optical isolator; 8. a tunable F-P filter; 9. a semiconductor saturable absorber; 41. a first terminal; 42. a second terminal; 43. a third terminal; 44. and a fourth terminal.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength-adjustable composite cavity fiber laser according to the present invention includes a pump light source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier 3, a 2 × 2 fiber coupler 4, a first optical isolator 5, a Y-type fiber coupler 6, a tunable F-P filter 8, a second optical isolator 7, and a semiconductor saturable absorber 9; the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 3, the 2 x 2 fiber coupler 4, the first optical isolator 5 and the Y-type fiber coupler 6 are sequentially connected to form an annular main resonant cavity, wherein the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 3 and the first optical isolator 5 are respectively connected with the second terminal 42 and the fourth terminal 44 of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler 4, the pumping light source 1 is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and one end of the Y-type fiber coupler 6 is led out and serves as a laser output end; an erbium doped fiber amplifier 3 is used in the main cavity to obtain high gain.
The tunable F-P filter 8, the semiconductor saturable absorber 9, the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 4 and the second optical isolator 7 are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped short resonant cavity, wherein the semiconductor saturable absorber 9 and the second optical isolator 7 are respectively connected with the first terminal 41 and the third terminal 43 of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 4; the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 4 is respectively connected with the main resonant cavity and the short resonant cavity to form an annular composite cavity, line width compression is carried out on laser in an ring through the tunable F-P filter 8, wherein the semiconductor saturable absorber 9 absorbs a part with weaker light pulse edge, so that a stronger pulse center is reserved to obtain a narrower pulse, and thus line width compression and mode hopping suppression are realized; the ultra-narrow linewidth laser compressed by multiple linewidths outputs 10% of laser through the Y-shaped optical fiber coupler 6, and the rest 90% of laser returns to the annular composite cavity; the main resonant cavity and the short resonant cavity are respectively provided with a first optical isolator 5 and a second optical isolator 7, so that the phenomenon of hole burning in the space of the annular composite cavity can be prevented.
The tunable F-P filter 8 follows the principle of multi-beam interference, and the phase difference between each transmitted wave and the previous transmitted wave is:
wherein lambda is the output wavelength of the single-mode laser, n is the refractive index of the substance in the cavity, i is the refraction angle, and d represents the cavity length of the F-P tunable filter.
The transmitted light intensity is:
wherein R is the fiber end face reflectivity of the F-P cavity in the tunable F-P filter, I0Is the initial light intensity.
From the above equation, it is understood that when the condition δ 2m pi (m is an integer) is satisfied, the maximum value of the transmission light intensity distribution of the interferometer can be obtained, and the tunable F-P filter (8) can form stable oscillation for the light wave satisfying δ 2m pi and output a comb waveform at equal intervals. After the value of m is determined, the factors with the peak transmittance wavelength which meet the phase condition are determined to be n, d and i, so that the purpose of wavelength tuning can be achieved by adjusting the three parameters.
The main resonant cavity and the short resonant cavity form a composite cavity optical fiber laser with ultra-narrow linewidth and adjustable wavelength, wherein the tunable F-P filter 8 is a frequency selection device of the composite cavity optical fiber laser.
The free spectral range of the composite cavity fiber laser is similar to that of the short resonant cavity, and further the cavity length of the short resonant cavity is controlled to increase the longitudinal mode interval.
The tunable F-P filter 8 is a high-performance lead-based piezoelectric ceramic filter.
The semiconductor saturable absorber 9 is prepared from carbon nano tubes, the semiconductor saturable absorber 9 can be replaced with carbon nano tubes with different tube diameters according to requirements, and the semiconductor saturable absorber has the characteristics of short response time, wide working wavelength, flexible use and simple manufacture.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structure, characteristics and principles described in the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides an ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength adjustable composite chamber fiber laser which characterized in that: the fiber laser comprises a pumping light source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (3), a 2 x 2 fiber coupler (4), a first optical isolator (5), a Y-type fiber coupler (6), a tunable F-P filter (8), a second optical isolator (7) and a semiconductor saturable absorber (9); the wavelength division multiplexer (2), the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (3), the 2 x 2 fiber coupler (4), the first optical isolator (5) and the Y-shaped fiber coupler (6) are sequentially connected to form an annular main resonant cavity, wherein the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (3) and the first optical isolator (5) are respectively connected with a second terminal (42) and a fourth terminal (44) of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler (4), the pumping light source (1) is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer (2), and one end of the Y-shaped fiber coupler (6) is led out and serves as a laser output end; the tunable F-P filter (8), the semiconductor saturable absorber (9), the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (4) and the second optical isolator (7) are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped short resonant cavity, wherein the semiconductor saturable absorber (9) and the second optical isolator (7) are respectively connected with the first terminal (41) and the third terminal (43) of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (4);
the main resonant cavity and the short resonant cavity form a composite cavity optical fiber laser with ultra-narrow linewidth and adjustable wavelength, wherein a tunable F-P filter (8) is a frequency selection device of the composite cavity optical fiber laser;
the free spectral range of the composite cavity fiber laser is similar to that of the short resonant cavity, and further the cavity length of the short resonant cavity is controlled to increase the longitudinal mode interval.
2. The ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength tunable composite cavity fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the tunable F-P filter (8) is a high-performance lead-based piezoelectric ceramic filter.
3. The ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength tunable composite cavity fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the semiconductor saturable absorber (9) is prepared by adopting a carbon nano tube.
4. The ultra-narrow linewidth wavelength tunable composite cavity fiber laser of claim 1, wherein: the tunable F-P filter (8) follows the principle of multi-beam interference, and the phase difference between each transmitted wave and the previous transmitted wave is as follows:
Figure FDA0002234426110000011
wherein lambda is the output wavelength of the single-mode laser, n is the refractive index of substances in the cavity, i is the refraction angle, and d represents the cavity length of the F-P tunable filter;
the transmitted light intensity is:
wherein R is the fiber end face reflectivity of the F-P cavity in the tunable F-P filter, I0Is the initial light intensity.
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