CN107246986B - Block model pressing equipment and method for simulating rock mass structure - Google Patents
Block model pressing equipment and method for simulating rock mass structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107246986B CN107246986B CN201710514007.9A CN201710514007A CN107246986B CN 107246986 B CN107246986 B CN 107246986B CN 201710514007 A CN201710514007 A CN 201710514007A CN 107246986 B CN107246986 B CN 107246986B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a block model pressing device and a block model pressing method for simulating a rock mass structure, wherein an air pressure roof (2) is arranged at the bottom of a supporting frame (1); the automatic control valve (7) controls the up-and-down movement of the piston in the pneumatic jack (2); the pneumatic jack (2) is provided with a die jacking component (4) and drives the die jacking component (4) to move up and down; the die jacking component (4) is positioned at the lower part of the block die (5), can compact the mixture in the block die (5) along with the movement of the die jacking component and can push out the formed block model; the horizontal feeler lever (3) is arranged on the die jacking component (4), the limiting adjusting piece (6) is fixed in the middle of the supporting frame (1), and the height of the block model is controlled by setting the height of the horizontal feeler lever (3) and the height of the limiting adjusting piece (6). The invention can press the massive model without manual pressurization, thereby reducing the manual burden and improving the briquetting efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geomechanical model tests, in particular to block model pressing equipment and a block model pressing method for simulating a rock mass structure.
Background
Geomechanical model tests are widely applied to rock engineering design of water conservancy, mining, tunnels and the like, and scaling simulation is carried out on specific engineering structures and occurring geological environments thereof based on a certain similarity principle. The geomechanical model tests can simulate the characteristics of geotechnical engineering structures, can also approximately simulate the influence of geological factors such as rock mass faults on engineering stability, have important guiding significance on the design and construction of rock mass engineering, and most of large and medium arch dams in China are basically subjected to geomechanical model tests.
In order to meet similar conditions, a geomechanical model test has higher requirements on the mechanical properties of similar materials of a simulated dam body and a surrounding foundation rock mass. The block model can be made of a mixed material consisting of barite powder, bentonite, special glue and the like; and processing and building the block model into a corresponding dam body or rock mass structure. Generally speaking, the safety of a dam body and the influence of a rock mass near the dam body are more concerned in engineering, so that small blocks are often adopted in the area in a geological model test to perform finer simulation; for a rock mass structure which is far away from the dam body or has good properties and large volume, the influence on the safety of the dam body is small, and in order to save labor and time, large-block simulation is often adopted.
For Chinese patent publication No. CN103234796B, published Japanese 2015.06.24, the invention provides a small block model pressing device for simulating a rock mass structure, and the application discloses a pressing device for a small block model of a rock mass structure, which comprises a frame type base, a small block mold fixed on the frame type base, a mold upper top block, a push-pull cover plate, a pressure lever and a stroke limiting pull rod; the small block die and the push-pull cover plate are mounted on the upper surface of the frame type base, the upper ejector block of the die is arranged on the lower portion of the small block die, the upper end face of the upper ejector block of the die is inserted into a cavity of the small block die for simulating a rock mass, and the stroke-limiting pull rod is arranged at one end of the pressure lever. Tests have shown that the device has a number of disadvantages:
first, the device is only suitable for pressing small blocks. For large-scale geological model tests, time and labor are consumed, the large-scale geological model tests basically only need to adopt small blocks to simulate dam bodies and rock masses nearby the dam bodies, and other large parts of regions need to adopt large blocks to simulate;
second, the device employs manual control. The requirement on the strength of a person is high, once the person is tired or the strength of the person is low, the block is not easy to compact, so that the density of the pressed block cannot meet the requirement, the test of a geological model is deviated, and meanwhile, the briquetting efficiency is low;
thirdly, the device is not suitable for pressing blocks with higher density, the higher the density of the blocks is, the higher the force is required to be applied to the pressure lever, so that the blocks are pressed tightly, and when the density of the blocks is higher, the blocks cannot be pressed tightly to the required density manually;
fourthly, after the block body is well pressed, when the push-pull cover plate of the mold is opened by using the auxiliary lever, the lever is easy to form scratches on the surface of the block body due to the small thickness of the cover plate, so that the quality of the block body is poor;
fifth, the range of model size adjustment is limited, often being only adjustable over a few centimeters, which limits the size of the block.
These deficiencies severely limit the progress and effectiveness of geologic model testing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that a large block model cannot be rapidly, accurately and high-quality manufactured in a geological model test, and provides block model pressing equipment for simulating a rock mass structure, which can greatly accelerate the manufacturing speed of the block model and save a large amount of manpower, material resources and time; and can carry out accurate adjustment to size, shape and the height of block at great scope as required to reduce the quantity of block, shorten test cycle, can satisfy the demand of many building schemes of geological model test better, guarantee going on smoothly of test.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a block model pressing device for simulating a rock mass structure, which comprises:
the device comprises a supporting frame, a pneumatic jack, a horizontal feeler lever, a mould jacking component, a block mould, a limit adjusting piece, an automatic control valve and a cover plate opening and closing device;
the block mold is positioned at the upper part of the support frame; the cover plate opening and closing device controls the opening and closing of the block body die;
the pneumatic jack is arranged at the bottom of the support frame; the automatic control valve controls the piston in the pneumatic jack to move up and down; a die jacking component is arranged on the pneumatic jack and moves up and down along with the movement of the piston;
the mold jacking part is positioned at the lower part of the block mold, and can compact the block mixture in the block mold along with the movement of the mold jacking part and push out the molded block model;
the horizontal feeler lever is installed on the mould jacking part, and the spacing adjusting part is fixed in the intermediate position of braced frame, controls the height of preforming block model through horizontal feeler lever and spacing adjusting part.
More preferably, the pneumatic ram comprises:
the lifting device comprises a bottom base, a top cover plate, a lifting cylinder, a telescopic rod cylinder and a telescopic rod;
the pneumatic jack is fixed at the bottom of the supporting frame through the bottom base; the bottom end of the jacking cylinder is fixed on the bottom base, and the upper end of the jacking cylinder is provided with a top cover plate; the telescopic rod barrel is arranged in the jacking barrel, the interior of the telescopic rod barrel is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a piston, and is provided with a B air hole communicated with the upper cavity; an air hole A is arranged and communicated with the lower cavity; the air hole B and the air hole A are respectively connected with the two air holes of the automatic control valve through air pipes.
More preferably, the mold jacking member includes:
the device comprises a force transmission cylinder, a die top plate, a fastening screw, a connecting screw rod and a locking nut;
a mould top plate is fixed at the upper end of the force transmission cylinder;
the connecting screw rod is provided with a through hole, the central line of the through hole is vertical to the axis of the connecting screw rod, and the through hole is used for the horizontal feeler lever to pass through;
the bottom end of the connecting screw rod is fixed with the telescopic rod, and the upper end of the connecting screw rod extends into the force transmission cylinder and is locked by the fixing nut.
More preferably, the limit adjuster includes:
a limit screw and a fixed block; the fixed block is fixed on a middle cross beam of the support frame; the limiting screw is connected with the fixed block through threads;
the height of the screw head of the limiting screw determines the position of the horizontal feeler lever to be lifted.
More preferably, the block mold comprises:
the device comprises a mould shell, a mould steel mould and a mould cover plate;
the mould shell is fixed on the support frame, and a mould steel mould is placed in the mould shell; the die steel die is provided with an internal cavity, and the lower end of the internal cavity is propped against a die top plate; the size of the internal cavity is the same as the external size of the top plate of the mold;
the mould cover plate is fixed on the mould shell.
More preferably, the shape of the die steel includes, but is not limited to, a rectangle, a triangle, and a parallelogram.
More preferably, the cover opening and closing device includes:
the device comprises a cover plate connecting piece, a lead screw nut component and a rocking handle;
the cover plate opening and closing device is connected with a mould cover plate of the block mould through a cover plate connecting piece; one end of a screw rod in the screw rod nut component is fixed on the cover plate connecting piece, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the rocking handle; the nut in the screw nut assembly is fixed on the support frame.
More preferably, the cover plate opening and closing device further comprises:
a fastener; the fastener comprises a handle and a buckle box; a buckle box is fixed on the mould cover plate, and a reversible buckle handle is arranged on the mould shell.
More preferably, the automatic control valve comprises:
the switch, the air valve, the air delivery pipe, the air hole C and the air hole D;
the air delivery pipe is connected with the air pump, the air hole C is connected with the air hole A on the air pressure jack through an air pipe, and the air hole D is connected with the air hole B on the air pressure jack through an air pipe;
the switch and the air valve are used for controlling the flow direction of the air, and the left boundary of the air valve is provided with two small holes made of air-permeable materials;
when the switch is turned on, the air in the air pump reaches the air hole A and the air hole B through the air delivery pipe, the air valve, the air hole C and the air hole D, so that the telescopic rod on the air pressure top moves upwards; when the switch is turned off, the gas in the gas pump can not enter the gas pipe, the gas pressure in the gas pressure top is higher than the atmospheric pressure, the gas reversely flows back to the gas valve and flows out from the small hole on the left boundary of the gas valve, and meanwhile, the telescopic rod gradually returns to the original position.
The invention also provides a block model pressing method for simulating a rock mass structure, which utilizes the block model pressing equipment for simulating the rock mass structure, and the block model pressing method comprises the following steps:
adding the weighed mixture into an internal cavity of a die steel die; closing the mold cover plate through the cover plate opening and closing device;
opening the automatic control valve, enabling the telescopic rod of the pneumatic jack to move upwards under the action of air pressure to drive the horizontal feeler lever and the die jacking component to move upwards, and enabling the die top plate to compact the mixture in the inner cavity of the die steel die; until the horizontal feeler lever contacts with the screw head of the limit screw in the limit adjusting piece, the movement stops;
opening the mould cover plate through a cover plate opening and closing device; and the horizontal feeler lever is drawn out from the connecting screw rod; at the moment, the top plate of the die continues to move upwards, and the pressed block model is pushed out of the die steel die.
The technical scheme of the invention can show that the invention has the following technical effects:
the block mold 5 in the equipment can be a large-size mold, can press large block models of rock mass structures, greatly reduces the usage amount of small block models, and reduces the pressing time and the building time of the models.
This equipment passes through air pump and atmospheric pressure top and realizes the automatic suppression of the big bulk of rock mass structure, does not need artifical manual pressurization, reduces artifical burden, has improved the efficiency of briquetting.
The equipment can press the high-density block, the air pump can output 8-10 standard atmospheric pressure gases, the maximum pressure provided can reach 1 ton force and is far greater than manpower, and the problem that the high-density block cannot be pressed tightly can be solved.
The equipment can accurately press the block with good quality, and solves the problems of scratches and defects of the block caused by manual misoperation when the block is taken out; the manufactured block model is accurate in size and uniform in density distribution, so that the block is more convenient to build.
The device can adjust the shape, size and height of the block model in a larger range according to requirements, and can well meet the requirements of multiple building schemes of geological model tests.
The device is convenient to use, and can automatically, quickly, finely and efficiently press the large block model of the geomechanical model test simulation rock mass structure, so that the use of small block models is greatly reduced, and the consumption of manpower and material resources of the model test is reduced; and the equipment structure is simpler, the operation is easy, the time and the labor are saved, and the popularization and the use are convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a block model pressing device for simulating a rock mass structure according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the pneumatic ram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a jacking component of the mold of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a block mold of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the automatic control valve in the present invention;
in the drawings:
the device comprises a supporting frame 1, an air pressure jack 2, a horizontal feeler lever 3, a mould jacking part 4, a block mould 5, a limit adjusting part 6, an automatic control valve 7 and a cover plate opening and closing device 8; a bottom beam 13, a middle beam 14, a top beam 15, a left side beam 11 and a right side beam 12; the device comprises a bottom base 21, a top cover plate 22, a jacking cylinder 23, a telescopic rod cylinder 24 and a telescopic rod 25; a gas hole 211 and a B gas hole 221; a force transmission cylinder 41, a die top plate 42, a fastening bolt 43, a connecting screw rod 44 and a locking nut 45; a mold shell 51, a mold steel mold 52, and a mold cover plate 53; switch 71, air valve 72, air pipe 73, C air hole 74 and D air hole 75.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides block model pressing equipment for simulating a rock mass structure, which is structurally shown in figure 1 and comprises a supporting frame 1, an air pressure jack 2, a horizontal feeler lever 3, a mould jacking component 4, a block mould 5, a limiting adjusting piece 6, an automatic control valve 7 and a cover plate opening and closing device 8.
Wherein the block mould 5 and the cover plate opening and closing device 8 are positioned at the upper part of the supporting frame 1; the cover plate opening and closing device 8 controls the opening and closing of the block body mould 5; the automatic control valve 7 controls the piston in the pneumatic jack 2 to move up and down; the pneumatic jack 2 is arranged at the bottom of the support frame 1; a die jacking component 4 is arranged on the pneumatic jack 2 and drives the die jacking component 4 to move up and down along with the movement of the piston; the mold jacking part 4 is positioned at the lower part of the block mold 5, can compact the block mixture in the block mold 5 along with the movement of the mold jacking part and can push out the molded block model; the horizontal feeler lever 3 is installed on the mould jacking component 4, the limit adjusting piece 6 is fixed at the middle position of the supporting frame 1, the height of the screw head of the limit screw determines the position of the horizontal feeler lever 3 to be lifted, and the height of the pre-forming block model is controlled by setting the heights of the horizontal feeler lever 3 and the limit adjusting piece 6.
Specific embodiments of the respective components are described below:
the structure of the support frame 1 still refers to fig. 1, and the support frame is formed by welding channel steel, and is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein each layer is formed by arranging two channel steel side by side as a supporting beam to form a bottom beam 13, a middle beam 14 and a top beam 15 respectively; two channel steels are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side to form a left side beam 11 and a right side beam 12, so that the equipment is kept stable integrally in the using process, and other components can be conveniently arranged.
The pneumatic ram 2 is fixed to the bottom cross beam 13 of the support frame 1, and the structure of the pneumatic ram 2 is shown in fig. 2, and includes a bottom base 21, a top cover plate 22, a jacking cylinder 23, a telescopic rod cylinder 24 and a telescopic rod 25.
The bottom base 21 is fixed on the bottom beam 13 of the support frame 1; the jacking cylinder 23 is of a sandwich cylinder structure, the weight of the whole air pressure jack 2 can be reduced due to the design of the sandwich cylinder structure, the bottom end of the jacking cylinder 23 is fixed on the bottom base 21, and the upper end of the jacking cylinder is provided with a top cover plate 22; the telescopic rod barrel 24 is arranged in the jacking barrel 23, the interior of the telescopic rod barrel 24 is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a piston, and a B air hole 221 is formed in the telescopic rod barrel and communicated with the upper cavity; an A air hole 211 is arranged to communicate with the lower cavity. The B air hole 221 and the a air hole 211 are connected to the two air holes of the automatic control valve 7 through air pipes, respectively. The telescopic rod 25 is connected with a piston, and the piston and the telescopic rod 25 can move up and down in the telescopic rod cylinder 24. When the air pump is switched on, the air is transmitted to the air pressure top 2 through the air pipe, and when the air pressure in the lower cavity of the telescopic rod cylinder 24 is increased, the piston can push the telescopic rod 25 to move upwards in the telescopic rod cylinder 24; conversely, the piston will pull the telescopic rod 25 downwards in the telescopic rod barrel 24.
The structure of the die jacking component 4 is shown in fig. 3, and comprises a force transmission cylinder 41, a die top plate 42, a fastening screw 43, a connecting screw rod 44 and a locking nut 45.
A die top plate 42 is fixed to the upper end of the force transfer cylinder 41. The force transmission cylinder 41 is fixed with the die top plate 42 through a fastening screw 43, so that the die top plate 42 is convenient to replace; of course, the force transfer cylinder 41 and the die top plate 42 may be fixedly connected by welding or the like. The center of the force transmission cylinder 41 is provided with a threaded hole for screwing in a connecting screw rod 44, and the threaded connection structure facilitates the connection and the disassembly of the die top plate 42.
The connecting screw 44 is provided with a through hole, the center line of the through hole is perpendicular to the axis of the connecting screw 44, the through hole can be a rectangular through hole, and can also be a round hole, and the horizontal feeler lever 3 can pass through the through hole. The bottom end of the connecting screw rod 44 is fixed with the telescopic rod 25 (may be fixed by welding, may also be fixed by other methods, such as fixed by flange connection, etc.), and the upper end of the connecting screw rod 44 extends into the force transmission cylinder 41 and is locked by the fixing nut 45 to prevent it from loosening.
The limit adjusting part 6 comprises a limit screw and a fixed block; the fixed block is fixed between two channel steels of the middle cross beam 14, and the limiting screw is connected with the fixed block through threads. When the horizontal feeler lever 3 is driven by the telescopic rod 25 to move upwards to the position of the screw head of the limit screw, the horizontal feeler lever is blocked by the limit screw, and then the horizontal feeler lever stops moving; the horizontal feeler lever 3 can stop moving at different positions by adjusting the vertical height of the screw head of the limit screw.
The block mold 5 includes a mold housing 51, a mold steel 52, and a mold cover 53, as shown in fig. 4.
The die shell 51 is welded between the middle cross beam 14 and the top cross beam 15 of the supporting frame 1, and a die steel die 52 is placed inside the die shell 51; the die steel 52 has an internal cavity for the introduction of mix for subsequent extrusion to form a block mold. The mold cover 53 is fixed to the upper surface of the mold case 51. In order to press-form the mixture put into the inner cavity of the mold steel 52 into a block model, the inner cavity of the mold steel 52 has the same size as the outer size of the mold top plate 42 in the mold lifting part 4 located therebelow.
The die steel die 52 can be a large-volume die, and can be designed into different shapes and sizes according to the requirements of model tests, including but not limited to rectangles, triangles, parallelograms and the like, and the size of the pressed block can range from 10cm × 10cm to 30cm × 30 cm. When loading or replacing the mold steel 52, it is possible to operate from above the block mold 5, and also from below the block mold 5. When replacing the die steel 52 and the die top plate 42 under the block die 5, the fastening screws 43 between the force transfer cylinder 41 and the die top plate 42 are removed and the die top plate 42 and the die steel 52 are replaced.
The cover plate opening and closing device 8 comprises a cover plate connecting piece, a screw nut component and a rocking handle; the cover plate opening and closing device 8 is connected with a mould cover plate 53 of the block mould 5 through a cover plate connecting piece; one end of a screw rod in the screw rod nut component is fixed on the cover plate connecting piece, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the rocking handle; the nut in the lead screw nut assembly is fixed to the support frame 1. The rocking handle is rotated anticlockwise to enable the screw rod to be pushed and drive the die cover plate 53 to move, and the die cover plate 53 is enabled to close the die steel die 52; the rocking handle is rotated clockwise to move the rear leg of the screw and drive the mould cover plate 53 to move, so that the mould cover plate 53 can be opened again.
In the process of pressing the block model, in order to ensure that the stress of the die cover plate 53 is stable, the cover plate opening and closing device 8 further comprises a fastener. The fastener comprises a fastener handle and a fastener box; a buckle box is fixed on the die cover plate 53, and a reversible buckle handle is arranged on the die shell 51. After the mold cover 53 is sealed, the mold cover 53 can be tightly covered on the mold housing 51 by the cooperation of the buckle box and the buckle handle. When the mold cover plate 53 needs to be opened, the handle is opened first, and then the rocking handle is operated.
The automatic control valve 7 has a structure as shown in fig. 5, and includes a switch 71, an air valve 72, an air pipe 73, a C air hole 74 and a D air hole 75. The air pipe 73 is connected with an air pump, the C air hole 74 is connected with the A air hole 211 on the air pressure top 2 through an air pipe, and the D air hole 75 is connected with the B air hole 221 on the air pressure top 2 through an air pipe; the switch 71 and the gas valve 72 are used for controlling the flow direction of gas, and the left boundary of the gas valve 72 is provided with two small holes made of a gas-permeable material; the switch 71 is opened, and the air in the air pump reaches the air hole A211 and the air hole B221 through the air pipe 73, the air valve 72, the air hole C74 and the air hole D75 so that the telescopic rod 25 of the air pressure top 2 moves upwards; when the switch 71 is closed, the air in the air pump can not enter the air pipe 73, at the moment, the air pressure in the air pressure top 2 is higher than the atmospheric pressure, the air reversely flows back to the air valve 72 and flows out of the small hole in the left boundary of the air valve 72, and meanwhile, the telescopic rod 25 and the horizontal feeler lever 3 gradually return to the original position.
The invention also provides a block model pressing method for simulating a rock mass structure, which comprises the following working processes:
first, the following preparation work needs to be done:
(1) preparing a mixture for forming a block model:
mixing barite powder, bentonite, special glue and the like according to a certain proportion, and stirring the powder up and down uniformly;
(2) taking materials:
and calculating the weight of the small block model according to the required density, size and shape of the large block model. Taking out the mixture according to the weight scale.
(3) Positioning the pressing apparatus:
selecting the shape and the size of a required die steel die 52 according to test requirements, wherein the shape and the size of the die top plate 42 correspond to the die steel die 52, and installing the die top plate in a die shell; the die top plate 42 of the adjusting die jacking component 4 is positioned at the bottommost part of the inner cavity of the die steel 52 in the block die 5.
After the height of the required block is determined, the height of the screw head of the limiting screw is adjusted.
The air pump is communicated with the air pipe 73.
After the preparation work is finished, the subsequent block model pressing process is carried out:
(4) rotating a rocking handle of the cover plate opening and closing device 8 anticlockwise, opening a mould cover plate 53 of the block mould 5, and adding the weighed mixture into an internal cavity of the mould steel mould 52 through a funnel; the die cover 53 is closed by rotating the crank in the reverse direction.
(5) Opening the automatic control valve 7, enabling the telescopic rod 25 of the pneumatic jack 2 to move upwards under the action of air pressure to drive the horizontal feeler lever 3 and the die jacking component 4 to move upwards, and enabling the die top plate 42 to compact the mixture in the inner cavity of the die steel die 52; until the horizontal feeler lever 3 contacts the screw head of the limit screw in the limit adjusting piece 6, the movement stops, which indicates that the block model is compacted to the required height.
(6) The rocking handle is rotated clockwise, and the mould cover plate 53 is opened; and then the horizontal trolley 3 is withdrawn from the connecting screw 44; the mold top plate 42 continues to move upward at this point pushing the pressed block pattern out of the mold steel 52 for subsequent removal of the block pattern.
(7) And (4) repeating the steps (4) to (6) to make the next model.
In the using process of the device, automatic pressurization is realized through the air pump, the automatic control valve 7 and the air pressure jack 2, the termination of pressurization can be accurately and automatically controlled through the horizontal feeler lever 3 and the limit adjusting piece 6, manual pressure application through a lever is not needed, and manpower and briquetting time can be saved; the air pump can continuously output high-pressure air, the provided pressure is far greater than the pressure applied manually, large blocks with larger density and size can be pressed, and the use of the small blocks is greatly reduced; when apron starting and shutting device 8 can avoid patent publication No. CN103234796B to use the push-and-pull apron, supplementary pull rod causes mar and the wearing and tearing to the block, consequently the quality of block can be guaranteed to this equipment. And the equipment is more convenient to use, is simpler and easier to operate, has higher pressing efficiency of the block model, and can be widely used in geological model tests.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the embodiment. Any equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention also belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention should therefore be determined with reference to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A block model pressing device for simulating a rock mass structure, the block model pressing device comprising:
the device comprises a supporting frame (1), a pneumatic jack (2), a horizontal feeler lever (3), a mould jacking component (4), a block mould (5), a limit adjusting piece (6), an automatic control valve (7) and a cover plate opening and closing device (8);
the supporting frame (1) is composed of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer respectively consisting of a top cross beam (15), a middle cross beam (14) and a bottom cross beam (13);
the block mould (5) is positioned between the top cross beam (15) and the middle cross beam (14) of the support frame (1); the cover plate opening and closing device (8) controls the opening and closing of the block body die (5);
the pneumatic jack (2) is arranged on a bottom cross beam (13) of the support frame (1); the automatic control valve (7) controls the piston in the pneumatic jack (2) to move up and down; a die jacking component (4) is arranged on the pneumatic jack (2), and the die jacking component (4) is driven to move up and down along with the movement of the piston; the pneumatic jack (2) comprises:
the device comprises a bottom base (21), a top cover plate (22), a jacking cylinder (23), a telescopic rod cylinder (24) and a telescopic rod (25);
the pneumatic top (2) is fixed at the bottom of the supporting frame (1) through a bottom base (21); the bottom end of the jacking cylinder (23) is fixed on the bottom base (21), and the upper end of the jacking cylinder is provided with a top cover plate (22); the telescopic rod barrel (24) is arranged in the jacking barrel (23), the telescopic rod barrel (24) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a piston, and is provided with a B air hole (221) communicated with the upper cavity; an A air hole (211) is arranged and communicated with the lower cavity; the air hole B (221) and the air hole A (211) are respectively connected with the two air holes of the automatic control valve (7) through air pipes;
the mold jacking part (4) is positioned at the lower part of the block mold (5), can compact the block mixture in the block mold (5) along with the movement of the mold jacking part and can push out the molded block mold;
horizontal feeler lever (3) cross mould jacking part (4), spacing adjusting part (6) include: a limit screw and a fixed block; the fixed block is fixed on a middle cross beam (14) of the support frame (1); the two limit screws are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the die jacking component (4) and are connected with the fixed block; the screw head of the limit screw is positioned above the horizontal feeler lever (3), and the height of the limit screw determines the position of the horizontal feeler lever (3) to be lifted; the height of the pre-forming block model is controlled by the horizontal feeler lever (3) and the limit adjusting piece (6).
2. A block model pressing apparatus of a simulated rock mass structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the mould jacking component (4) comprises:
the device comprises a force transmission cylinder (41), a die top plate (42), a fastening screw (43), a connecting screw rod (44) and a locking nut (45);
a mould top plate (42) is fixed at the upper end of the force transmission cylinder (41);
the connecting screw rod (44) is provided with a through hole, the central line of the through hole is vertical to the axis of the connecting screw rod (44), and the through hole is used for the horizontal feeler lever (3) to pass through;
the bottom end of the connecting screw rod (44) is fixed with the telescopic rod (25), and the upper end of the connecting screw rod (44) extends into the force transmission barrel (41) and is locked by the fixing nut (45).
3. A block model pressing apparatus of a simulated rock mass structure according to claim 2, characterised in that the block mould (5) comprises:
a mould shell (51), a mould steel mould (52) and a mould cover plate (53);
the mould shell (51) is fixed on the support frame (1), and a mould steel mould (52) is placed in the mould shell (51); the die steel die (52) is provided with an internal cavity, and the lower end of the internal cavity is propped against the die top plate (42); the size of the internal cavity is the same as the external size of the mould top plate (42);
the mold cover plate (53) is fixed to the upper surface of the mold case (51).
4. A block model pressing apparatus to simulate a rock mass structure according to claim 3 wherein the shape of the mould steel form (52) includes but is not limited to a triangle, a parallelogram.
5. A block model pressing apparatus of a simulated rock mass structure according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the cover plate opening and closing means (8) comprises:
the device comprises a cover plate connecting piece, a lead screw nut component and a rocking handle;
the cover plate opening and closing device (8) is connected with a mould cover plate (53) of the block mould (5) through a cover plate connecting piece; one end of a screw rod in the screw rod nut component is fixed on the cover plate connecting piece, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the rocking handle; the nut in the screw nut component is fixed on the supporting frame (1).
6. A block model pressing apparatus of a simulated rock mass structure according to claim 5, wherein the cover plate opening and closing means (8) further comprises:
a fastener; the fastener comprises a handle and a buckle box; a buckle box is fixed on the mould cover plate (53), and a reversible buckle handle is arranged on the mould shell (51).
7. A block model pressing apparatus of a simulated rock mass structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the automatic control valve (7) comprises:
a switch (71), an air valve (72), an air pipe (73), a C air hole (74) and a D air hole (75);
the air pipe (73) is connected with the air pump, the air hole C (74) is connected with the air hole A (211) on the air pressure top (2) through an air pipe, and the air hole D (75) is connected with the air hole B (221) on the air pressure top (2) through an air pipe;
the switch (71) and the air valve (72) are used for controlling the flow direction of the air, and the left boundary of the air valve (72) is provided with two small holes made of air-permeable materials;
the switch (71) is opened, and the air in the air pump reaches the air hole A (211) and the air hole B (221) through the air pipe (73), the air valve (72), the air hole C (74) and the air hole D (75) to enable the telescopic rod (25) of the air pressure jack (2) to move upwards; when the switch (71) is closed, the air in the air pump can not enter the air conveying pipe (73), at the moment, the air pressure in the air pressure top (2) is larger than the atmospheric pressure, the air reversely flows back to the air valve (72) and flows out from the small hole on the left boundary of the air valve (72), and meanwhile, the telescopic rod (25) gradually returns to the original position.
8. A block model pressing method of simulating a rock mass structure using the block model pressing apparatus of simulating a rock mass structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising:
adding the weighed mixture into an internal cavity of a die steel die (52); closing the mold cover (53) by a cover opening and closing device (8);
opening the automatic control valve (7), enabling a telescopic rod (25) of the pneumatic jack (2) to move upwards under the action of air pressure to drive the horizontal feeler lever (3) and the die jacking component (4) to move upwards, and enabling the die top plate (42) to compact the mixed material in the inner cavity of the die steel die (52); until the horizontal feeler lever (3) contacts with the screw head of the limit screw in the limit adjusting piece (6), the movement stops;
opening the mould cover plate (53) through the cover plate opening and closing device (8); and the horizontal feeler lever (3) is drawn out from the connecting screw rod (44); at this time, the mold top plate (42) continues to move upward, and the pressed block model is pushed out of the mold steel (52).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710514007.9A CN107246986B (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Block model pressing equipment and method for simulating rock mass structure |
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| CN201710514007.9A CN107246986B (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | Block model pressing equipment and method for simulating rock mass structure |
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| CN107246986A CN107246986A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
| CN107246986B true CN107246986B (en) | 2020-11-27 |
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| CN110434984A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-12 | 山东大学 | Prepare the die trial compacting demoulding integrated device and method of deep wall rock analog material cylindrical body |
| CN112129640A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 江苏华安科研仪器有限公司 | Novel bearing device of reservoir inversion model |
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| CN103234796B (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-06-24 | 清华大学 | Small block model pressing equipment for simulating rock mass structure |
| CN104275590A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-14 | 英华达（上海）科技有限公司 | Assembly device |
| CN206192737U (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Novel remolded soil system appearance device |
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