CN107245742B - A kind of aluminium alloy with no cyanogen sinks zinc agent and aluminium alloy sinks zinc method - Google Patents
A kind of aluminium alloy with no cyanogen sinks zinc agent and aluminium alloy sinks zinc method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107245742B CN107245742B CN201710681305.7A CN201710681305A CN107245742B CN 107245742 B CN107245742 B CN 107245742B CN 201710681305 A CN201710681305 A CN 201710681305A CN 107245742 B CN107245742 B CN 107245742B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/42—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of light metals
- C25D5/44—Aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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Abstract
Zinc agent and aluminium alloy are sunk with no cyanogen the present invention relates to a kind of aluminium alloy and sinks zinc method, this sinks zinc agent without cyanogen and contains LiOH 60-180g/L, ZnSO4 20‑50g/L、NiSO4 10‑30g/L、CuSO4 0.5‑5.0g/L、FeCl30.5-2.0g/L, sodium citrate 20-50g/L, sodium lactate 10-30g/L, sodium nitrate 1.0-3.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L.This sinks zinc agent for the secondary heavy zinc technology of aluminium alloy without cyanogen, and the zinc crystal grain of formation is more tiny and uniform, and gained zinc-impregnating layer is thinner finer and close, and good to matrix spreadability, corrosion resistance is strong, greatly improves the binding force of matrix and coating;Zinc dipping solution property is stablized simultaneously, long service life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy zinc technical fields before aluminium alloy plating, and in particular to a kind of aluminium alloy sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, simultaneously
Further relate to it is a kind of using this without cyanogen sink zinc agent aluminium alloy sink zinc method.
Background technique
Aluminium and aluminium alloy are widely used materials in industrial production and people's lives, and carrying out plating to aluminum or aluminum alloy is
It is effectively improved its conductive, thermally conductive, solderability, its surface abrasion resistance is improved, against corrosion, protection, decorates, the method for optical property.But
That aluminum metal is more active, easily formation Natural Oxide Film, electrode potential again it is excessively negative, immerse electroplate liquid in energy and various metals from
Displacement reaction occurs for son, and any plating solution can all generate immersion plating layer in addition to chromium plating, causes the binding force of coating and matrix not strong, is easy
It falls off.By forming fine and close, firm metal zinc layers in matrix surface, becomes the good transition layer of plating, chemical deposit, can have
Effect solves the above problems.
The effect that zinc (heavy zinc also referred to as on aluminium) is soaked before plating on aluminium alloy is: the oxidation film on aluminum or aluminum alloy surface is removed,
Dissolve exposed superficial layer, zinc is replaced out after dissolving aluminium, becomes the potential of piece surface just, improves matrix and coating
Binding force.Heavy zinc agent (zincate solution) all contains cyanide on existing conventional aluminium, but the HCN generated in cyanide and raffinate has
Severe toxicity, therefore current trend is had become without cyanogen leaching zinc.Since the current application range of acidic zinc dipping is very small, and effect and reality
It is all poor with property, therefore alkalinity leaching zinc is concentrated mainly on without cyanogen dip galvanizing technique.
In general, the principle of alkalinity leaching zinc is: the activity of aluminium surface is reduced by leaching zinc, prevent in operation or
Aluminium is oxidized in electroplate liquid, while being prevented aluminum component from displacement occurs with plated metal ion in electroplate liquid and being reacted.Basic zincic acid
Salting liquid main component is NaOH and ZnO.In order to make the coating on alumiaum article obtain higher binding force, it is being enough to ensure that electricity is heavy
Under the conditions of lamination is good, the thickness of zinc-impregnating layer should be thin as far as possible;Determine that two main factors for displacing zinc amount are to close
The performance of gold and used dip galvanizing technique.
In the prior art, in order to keep zinc-impregnating layer thinner finer and close, various additions are added in people in basic zincate solution
Agent, to improve the quality of zinc-impregnating layer.FeCl is such as added3And sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, be conducive to the combination for improving displacement zinc layers and matrix
Power;Nickel sulfate, copper sulphate is added, keeps zinc dipping solution multi-element alloyed, changes electrode potential, overcomes zincate chemical zincation work
There is a problem of that binding force is poor, easy to foaming to Complex Parts and blind bored member plating in skill, and the use of cyanide complex agent can be saved.
But the heavy zinc agent of existing alkaline non-cyanide is grown up from the basic zincate solution that main component is NaOH, NaOH
It is the complexing agent of zinc ion, the compactness of concentration and zinc layers, uniformity and granular size are closely related;When NaOH concentration is low,
The zinc layers coarse grains of precipitation;The complex ion for keeping the zinc ion in solution stable obtains and crystallizes careful zinc-impregnating layer, it is necessary to
There is the NaOH of sufficient amount, but NaOH alkalinity is strong, aqueous corrosion is strong, and such as its excessive concentration, zinc agent corrosivity of sinking is too strong,
Alloy matrix aluminum carry-over loss is larger, and displacement reaction acutely, influences the quality of coating instead.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminium alloys to sink zinc agent with no cyanogen, anti-with the dissolution displacement for slowing down alloy matrix aluminum
It answers, obtains thinner finer and close zinc layers.
A second object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of using this sink zinc agent aluminium alloy sink zinc method.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of aluminium alloy sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, is grouped as by the group of following concentration: LiOH 60-180g/L, ZnSO4 20-
50g/L、NiSO4 10-30g/L、CuSO4 0.5-5.0g/L、FeCl30.5-2.0g/L, sodium citrate 20-50g/L, sodium lactate
10-30g/L, sodium nitrate 1.0-3.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.02-0.06g/L, 2,
2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus are water.
Preferably, the aluminium alloy sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, is grouped as by the group of following concentration: LiOH 120-180g/L,
ZnSO4 35-50g/L、NiSO4 20-30g/L、CuSO4 2.5-5.0g/L、FeCl31.0-2.0g/L, sodium citrate 30-
50g/L, sodium lactate 20-30g/L, sodium nitrate 2.0-3.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate
0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus is water.This without cyanogen sinks zinc agent, and to be mainly used for aluminium alloy secondary
The first time leaching zinc processing of heavy zinc technology.
It is further preferred that the aluminium alloy sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, it is grouped as by the group of following concentration: LiOH 150-
180g/L、ZnSO4 40-50g/L、NiSO4 20-30g/L、CuSO4 2.5-5.0g/L、FeCl31.0-2.0g/L, citric acid
Sodium 30-50g/L, sodium lactate 20-30g/L, sodium nitrate 2.0-3.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, dodecyl sulphate
Sodium 0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus is water.This sinks zinc agent without cyanogen and is mainly used for aluminium alloy two
The first time leaching zinc processing of secondary heavy zinc technology.
Preferably, the aluminium alloy sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, is grouped as by the group of following concentration: LiOH 60-120g/L,
ZnSO4 20-35g/L、NiSO4 10-20g/L、CuSO4 0.5-2.5g/L、FeCl30.5-1.5g/L, sodium citrate 20-
40g/L, sodium lactate 10-20g/L, sodium nitrate 1.0-2.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate
0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus is water.This without cyanogen sinks zinc agent, and to be mainly used for aluminium alloy secondary
Second of the leaching zinc processing of heavy zinc technology.
It is further preferred that the aluminium alloy sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, it is grouped as by the group of following concentration: LiOH 60-
90g/L、ZnSO4 20-30g/L、NiSO4 10-20g/L、CuSO4 1.0-2.0g/L、FeCl30.5-1.5g/L, sodium citrate
20-40g/L, sodium lactate 10-20g/L, sodium nitrate 1.0-2.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate
0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus is water.This without cyanogen sinks zinc agent, and to be mainly used for aluminium alloy secondary
Second of the leaching zinc processing of heavy zinc technology.
Aluminium alloy of the invention sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, and using LiOH as main component, LiOH provides hydroxyl as complexant
Ion, with ZnSO4The zinc ion of offer is complexed to form [Zn (OH)4]2-, alloy matrix aluminum, which is immersed in, contains [Zn (OH)4]2-Solution
In, the complex groups [Zn (OH) in the metallic aluminium and solution of aluminum alloy surface4]2-In zinc ion that displacement occurs is anti-
It answers, to form highly dispersed in the zinc crystal grain of aluminum alloy surface;Its main function is dissolution aluminium and stablizes Zn2+.Meanwhile with
NaOH solution is compared, weaker, the Li of alkalinity of LiOH solution+Na is greater than to the binding force of hydrone+, reduce OH-Activity, suppression
The dissolution displacement reaction of aluminium is made;The OH around matrix surface, zinc ion-Few in lithium solution, electric discharge is easy, and the dissolution of aluminium subtracts
It is few, therefore during secondary heavy zinc, the deposition of zinc is slower, and more evenly, the zinc-impregnating layer of acquisition is thinner, also finer and close for electric discharge.
Aluminium alloy of the invention sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, using zinc, iron, nickel, copper quaternary metal ion zinc dipping solution, ZnSO4
The main salt of displacement reaction is generated when being no cyanogen zinc dipping solution chemical zincation;NiSO4Nucleus is promoted to be formed during chemical zincation,
Play a part of to refine crystal grain;FeCl3Effect provide Fe3+, reduce the size of zinc crystal grain, zinc-iron alloy can be generated with zinc, mentioned
The corrosion resistance of high zinc-impregnating layer improves displacement zinc with copper ion mating reaction by the concentration of each metal ion of rational allocation
The binding force of layer and aluminum substrate.Using sodium citrate and sodium lactate as compound complex agent, the quaternary in zinc dipping solution can be stablized
Concentration of metal ions inhibits reaction rate, makes zinc layers compact crystallization, smooth, the combination of raising zinc layers and matrix, zinc layers and coating
Power, and extend the service life of zinc dipping solution.Sodium nitrate can delay as corrosion inhibiter, prevent corrosion of metal rate, control is anti-
Answer rate;Ethylene thiourea can be such that Zn-ef ficiency in zinc-impregnating layer reduces as inhibitor, be conducive to zinc-impregnating layer refinement, keep zinc film thinning,
Tend to be smooth;Lauryl sodium sulfate is as surfactant, so that zinc dipping solution is easier to soak and sprawl in matrix surface,
So that displacement reaction is gone on smoothly;2,2 '-bipyridyls be nitrogenous compound, it is adsorbable complexing zinc dipping solution in copper from
Son is allowed to lose catalytic activity, to extend the service life of zinc dipping solution.
Aluminium alloy of the invention sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, using LiOH as main component, using zinc, iron, nickel, copper quaternary metal from
Sub- zinc dipping solution, while being aided with sodium citrate, sodium lactate, sodium nitrate, ethylene thiourea, lauryl sodium sulfate and 2,2 '-connection pyrroles
Pyridine makes each component cooperate, coordinative role, is used as the secondary heavy zinc technology of aluminium alloy by the content of rational allocation each component
Sink zinc agent without cyanogen, the zinc crystal grain of formation is more tiny and uniform, and gained zinc-impregnating layer is thinner finer and close, good to matrix spreadability, resistance to
Corrosivity is strong, greatly improves the binding force of matrix and coating;Meanwhile this without cyanogen sink zinc agent eliminate severe toxicity cyanide,
Zinc dipping solution property is stablized, long service life, is suitble to promote the use of.
It is a kind of using above-mentioned aluminium alloy with no cyanogen sink zinc agent aluminium alloy sink zinc method, include the following steps:
1) oil removing, alkaline etching and light processing out are carried out to alloy matrix aluminum;
2) it sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen using the aluminium alloy once soak zinc to alloy matrix aluminum and handle, once leaching zinc institute
It is not less than 120g/L, ZnSO with the concentration of LiOH in heavy zinc agent4Concentration be not less than 35g/L;
3) it is washed after carrying out removing zinc with nitric acid to alloy matrix aluminum;
4) zinc agent is sunk with no cyanogen using the aluminium alloy and secondary soaking zinc processing is carried out to alloy matrix aluminum, rear washing;Two
The concentration of LiOH is not higher than 120g/L, ZnSO in heavy zinc agent used in secondary leaching zinc4Concentration be not higher than 35g/L.
In step 3), nitric acid used in removing zinc with nitric acid is the nitric acid that volume ratio is 1:1.In the above method, primary leaching zinc processing,
Removing zinc with nitric acid and secondary soaking zinc processing carry out at room temperature.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy sinks in zinc method, it is primary soak sink used in zinc zinc agent in heavy zinc agent used in secondary soaking zinc LiOH it is dense
Degree is than being 1.5-2.0:1;ZnSO in heavy zinc agent used in heavy zinc agent used in primary leaching zinc and secondary soaking zinc4Concentration ratio be 1.4-
2.0:1。
Aluminium alloy of the invention sinks zinc method, sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen using above-mentioned aluminium alloy and carries out secondary soaking zinc, and first
LiOH, ZnSO in heavy zinc agent used in secondary leaching zinc4Concentration it is larger, zinc deposition speed it is fast, the zinc coating thickness of deposition is big, using nitre
After acid moves back zinc, using LiOH, ZnSO4The lesser no cyanogen of concentration sink zinc agent and carry out second leaching zinc, gained zinc layers crystal grain is uniform
Degree and good compactness, zinc layers are relatively thin;In such a way that concentrated solution once soaks zinc, weak solution secondary soaking zinc, the residual of oxide layer is avoided
It stays, improves zinc-impregnating layer to the coverage of matrix, to improve the binding force of corrosion resistance and matrix and subsequent plating layer.Meanwhile
This kind of heavy zinc method does not need the zinc dipping solution excessive using concentration, and soaks the long service life of zinc corresponding solution, production twice
It is at low cost.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further With reference to embodiment.
In specific embodiment, the aluminium alloy with no cyanogen sink zinc agent the preparation method comprises the following steps: each component is added by dosage
In water, after dispersing and dissolving, constant volume;Or each component is soluble in water by dosage difference, it remixes, constant volume.
In specific embodiment, aluminium alloy sinks alloy matrix aluminum oil removing, alkaline etching and gloss this field out in zinc method
Routine techniques;Nitric acid used in removing zinc with nitric acid is the nitric acid that volume ratio is 1:1, uses commercially available mass concentration for 65%-68%'s
Nitric acid and water are mixed according to the ratio that volume ratio is 1:1.
Embodiment 1
The aluminium alloy of the present embodiment sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, is grouped as by the group of following concentration:
Embodiment 2
The aluminium alloy of the present embodiment sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, is grouped as by the group of following concentration:
The aluminium alloy of embodiment 3-10 sinks the group of zinc agent with no cyanogen and is grouped as shown in table 1.
The aluminium alloy of 1 embodiment 3-10 of table sinks the group of zinc agent with no cyanogen and is grouped as (unit: g/L)
Embodiment 11
The heavy zinc method of the aluminium alloy of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
1) oil removing, alkaline etching and light processing out are carried out to alloy matrix aluminum;
2) under room temperature, zinc agent is sunk with no cyanogen using the aluminium alloy of embodiment 1 alloy matrix aluminum is carried out once to soak zinc
Processing, galvanizing time 60s;
3) it is washed after under room temperature, carrying out removing zinc with nitric acid to alloy matrix aluminum;The time of removing zinc with nitric acid is 30s;
4) zinc agent under room temperature, is sunk with no cyanogen using the aluminium alloy of embodiment 2, secondary soaking zinc is carried out to alloy matrix aluminum
Processing, galvanizing time 30s are rear to wash.
The heavy zinc method of the aluminium alloy of embodiment 12-15 is as shown in table 2, remaining is the same as embodiment 11.
The condition and parameter of the heavy zinc method of the aluminium alloy of 2 embodiment 12-15 of table
Aluminium alloy sinks zinc method | Embodiment 11 | Embodiment 12 | Embodiment 13 | Embodiment 14 | Embodiment 15 |
Primary leaching zinc is used to sink zinc agent without cyanogen | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 7 | Embodiment 9 |
Galvanizing time (s) | 60 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 45 |
The removing zinc with nitric acid time (s) | 30 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 20 |
Secondary soaking zinc is used to sink zinc agent without cyanogen | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 6 | Embodiment 8 | Embodiment 10 |
Galvanizing time (s) | 30 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 20 |
Experimental example 1
This experimental example detects the performance of zinc-impregnating layer obtained by the heavy zinc method of the aluminium alloy of embodiment 11-15.Above-mentioned reality
It applies in the heavy zinc method of aluminium alloy of example, being all made of alusil alloy (11%Si, mass fraction) is alloy matrix aluminum material.
Testing result is as shown in table 3.
3 zinc-impregnating layer performance test results of table
Experimental example 2
This experimental example electroless nickel layer on the zinc-impregnating layer obtained by embodiment 11-15, and then the binding force of coating is tested, as a result such as
Shown in table 4.Wherein, the plating solution formula of electroless nickel layer are as follows: NiSO4·7H2O 150g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 15g/L, two water
Sodium citrate 200g/L, NaCl 12g/L, H3BO325g/L.Technological parameter are as follows: pH value 6.6-7.0,40 DEG C of temperature, time 1h,
Current density 3.2A/dm2。
4 binding force of cladding material test result of table
Claims (7)
1. a kind of aluminium alloy sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, it is characterised in that: the primary leaching zinc and two for the secondary heavy zinc technology of aluminium alloy
Secondary leaching zinc;
Zinc agent of sinking used in primary leaching zinc is grouped as by the group of following concentration: LiOH 120-180g/L, ZnSO4 35-50g/L、
NiSO4 20-30g/L、CuSO4 2.5-5.0g/L、FeCl31.0-2.0g/L, sodium citrate 30-50g/L, sodium lactate 20-
30g/L, sodium nitrate 2.0-3.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-
Bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus are water;
Zinc agent of sinking used in secondary soaking zinc is grouped as by the group of following concentration: LiOH 60-120g/L, ZnSO4 20-35g/L、
NiSO410-20g/L、CuSO4 0.5-2.5g/L、FeCl30.5-1.5g/L, sodium citrate 20-40g/L, sodium lactate 10-20g/
L, sodium nitrate 1.0-2.0g/L, ethylene thiourea 0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-connection pyrroles
Pyridine 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus are water.
2. aluminium alloy according to claim 1 sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, it is characterised in that: sink used in primary leaching zinc zinc agent by with
The group of lower concentration is grouped as: LiOH 150-180g/L, ZnSO4 40-50g/L、NiSO4 20-30g/L、CuSO42.5-5.0g/
L、FeCl31.0-2.0g/L, sodium citrate 30-50g/L, sodium lactate 20-30g/L, sodium nitrate 2.0-3.0g/L, ethylene thiourea
0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus is water.
3. aluminium alloy according to claim 1 sinks zinc agent with no cyanogen, it is characterised in that: sink used in secondary soaking zinc zinc agent by with
The group of lower concentration is grouped as: LiOH 60-90g/L, ZnSO4 20-30g/L、NiSO4 10-20g/L、CuSO41.0-2.0g/L、
FeCl30.5-1.5g/L, sodium citrate 20-40g/L, sodium lactate 10-20g/L, sodium nitrate 1.0-2.0g/L, ethylene thiourea
0.10-0.30g/L, lauryl sodium sulfate 0.02-0.06g/L, 2,2 '-bipyridyl 0.01-0.03g/L, surplus is water.
4. it is a kind of using aluminium alloy as described in claim 1 with no cyanogen sink zinc agent aluminium alloy sink zinc method, it is characterised in that:
Include the following steps:
1) oil removing, alkaline etching and light processing out are carried out to alloy matrix aluminum;
2) zinc agent is sunk with no cyanogen using the aluminium alloy and once soak zinc processing to alloy matrix aluminum, it is once heavy used in leaching zinc
The concentration of LiOH is not less than 120g/L, ZnSO in zinc agent4Concentration be not less than 35g/L;
3) it is washed after carrying out removing zinc with nitric acid to alloy matrix aluminum;
4) zinc agent is sunk with no cyanogen using the aluminium alloy and secondary soaking zinc processing is carried out to alloy matrix aluminum, rear washing;Secondary leaching
The concentration of LiOH is not higher than 120g/L, ZnSO in heavy zinc agent used in zinc4Concentration be not higher than 35g/L.
5. aluminium alloy according to claim 4 sinks zinc method, it is characterised in that: in step 3), nitric acid used in removing zinc with nitric acid
The nitric acid for being 1:1 for volume ratio.
6. aluminium alloy according to claim 4 sinks zinc method, it is characterised in that: sink zinc agent and secondary leaching used in primary leaching zinc
The concentration ratio of LiOH is 1.5-2.0:1 in heavy zinc agent used in zinc;Heavy zinc agent used in heavy zinc agent used in primary leaching zinc and secondary soaking zinc
Middle ZnSO4Concentration ratio be 1.4-2.0:1.
7. the aluminium alloy according to claim 4 or 6 sinks zinc method, it is characterised in that: the time of primary leaching zinc is no more than
60s;The time of secondary soaking zinc is no more than 30s.
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