CN107245651A - A kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107245651A CN107245651A CN201710517780.0A CN201710517780A CN107245651A CN 107245651 A CN107245651 A CN 107245651A CN 201710517780 A CN201710517780 A CN 201710517780A CN 107245651 A CN107245651 A CN 107245651A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel and preparation method thereof, include the chemical composition of following percentage by weight：C 0.62~0.68%, Si 0.70~1.10%, Mn 0.70~0.90%, Cr≤0.15%, V 0.07 0.15%, P≤0.012%, S≤0.012%, N 0.006~0.009%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.Its preparation method is：Electric furnace steel making process, LF stoves refining procedure, RH application of vacuum process, round billet continuous casting process, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment step, processing, finished product detection process.This method can be effectively improved 23t 30t axles weight, the fracture mechanical property of the speed of service≤160km/h wheel steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel and preparation method thereof, more particularly to 23t-30t axles weight, fortune
Scanning frequency degree≤160km/h middle carbon railway freight-car with wheel just and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Early in the twenties in 20th century, the brittle fracture strength that Griffith just proposes famous cracks in body is theoretical.But due to
The intensity of the structural metallic materials used at that time in industry is relatively low, moulding and toughness is fine, thus the situation of brittle failure occurs for component
Seldom.After World War II, in considerable industrial department, especially aerospace industry, high intensity is widely used
Material, causes a series of Fragile Split.
It is therefore prevented that component crack initiation, resistance instable growth of crack ability, which are fracture mechanicses, is regarded to true reflection
The important performance indexes of material, are of great significance to the Intensity Design tool of component.Since be material in itself it is intrinsic
Mechanical property, it is just by the composition of material, tissue and structures shape.Composition is different, the anti-crack germinating of material, resistance to crack extension
Ability has obvious difference.If to the material of same composition, such as using different preparations, processing and Technology for Heating Processing, then
Different fracture mechanical properties can be obtained.
To solve the not enough problem of railway transportation capability as early as possible, the former Ministry of Railways just proposes the railway of heavy haul transport early in June, 2003
Shipping development strategy, in recent years by continuous technological progress, domestic heavy the having made a breakthrough property of loading transportation technique of 30t axles is entered
Exhibition, meanwhile, the rapid freight transportation of the 160km/h speeds of service also refer to agenda, it is anticipated that in the near future, quick weight
Loading fortune will necessarily obtain fast development at home.But, the development of shipping rapid heavy-load is to existing conventional CL60 wheel materials
Challenge requirement is proposed, because the increase of speed and axle weight inevitably causes the use condition of wheel to deteriorate,
Impulsive force is aggravated, and wheel Rail Contact Stresses state substantially deteriorates, and not only the mechanical damage such as abrasion, contact fatigue will be used as wheel
During outstanding problem, while also it is also proposed more and more higher to the germinating of the anti-crack of wheel material and resistance to crack extension ability
Requirement.
In order to adapt to the development of shipping rapid heavy-load, the country has succeeded in developing conventional CL65 materials lorry car substantially at present
Wheel, its military service performance is substantially better than existing CL60 materials truck wheel, but with the further increase of speed, it is contemplated that
The use condition of wheel will be made further to deteriorate, be that following rapid freight transportation is prepared, pole is necessary to develop and effectively changed therefore
The wheel material of kind fracture mechanical property, on the basis of the strong hardness performance level of wheel is stablized, further improves wheel and resists
Crack initiation and resistance Crack Extension ability, the need for can preferably adapting to future shipments rapid heavy-load.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel and preparation method thereof,
This method can be effectively improved 23t-30t axles weight, the fracture mechanical property of the speed of service≤160km/h wheel steel.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is：
A kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel, includes the chemical composition of following percentage by weight：C 0.62~0.68%,
Si 0.70~1.10%, Mn 0.70~0.90%, Cr≤0.15%, V 0.07-0.15%, P≤0.012%, S≤
0.012%th, N 0.006~0.009%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
Further, the chemical composition and percentage by weight are preferably：C 0.63~0.67%, Si 0.72~
1.05%th, Mn 0.76~0.85%, Cr 0.04~0.13%, V 0.08-0.14%, P 0.004~0.006%, S 0.006
~0.010%, N 0.006~0.0087%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
Further, the chemical composition and percentage by weight are preferably：C 0.63%, Si 0.72%, Mn 0.76%,
Cr 0.004%, V 0.08%, P 0.004%, S 0.006%, N 0.006%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity member
Element.
Further, the chemical composition and percentage by weight are preferably：C 0.67%, Si1.05%, Mn 0.85%,
Cr 0.13%, V 0.14%, P 0.006%, S 0.010%, N 0.0087%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity member
Element
Present invention also offers the preparation method of the middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel, the preparation method includes following
Step：Electric furnace steel making process, LF stoves refining procedure, RH application of vacuum process, round billet continuous casting process, cut ingot rolling process, Re Chu
Science and engineering sequence, processing, finished product detection process；
Described heat treatment step is：First after 850-870 DEG C is incubated 2.0-2.5 hours, room temperature, Ran Houjia are air-cooled to
Heat is incubated 2.5-3 hours to 870-890 DEG C, wheel rim water-spraying control, then in 500-520 DEG C of temper 4.0 hours.
Wheel rim water-spraying control make wheel rim interior metal with 2 DEG C/s~5 DEG C/s cooling velocity accelerate to be cooled to 560 DEG C with
Under.
Further, described heat treatment step is：First after 855-865 DEG C is incubated 2.0-2.5 hours, room is air-cooled to
Temperature, is then heated to 875-885 DEG C and is incubated 2.5-3 hours, wheel rim water-spraying control is then small in 500-520 DEG C of temper 4.0
When.
Further, described heat treatment step is：First after 855 DEG C are incubated 2.0 hours, room temperature is air-cooled to, then
It is heated to 875 DEG C and is incubated 3 hours, wheel rim water-spraying control, then in 520 DEG C of tempers 4.0 hours.
Further, described heat treatment step is：First after 865 DEG C are incubated 2.0 hours, room temperature is air-cooled to, then
It is heated to 885 DEG C and is incubated 3 hours, wheel rim water-spraying control, then in 500 DEG C of tempers 4.0 hours.
The middle carbon railway freight-car is fine pearlite+a small amount of ferrite with the metallographic structure of wheel steel.
For Heavy-haul Freight wheel, overriding concern is wearability, and C contributes maximum to strong, hardness, with carbon content
Improve, it will significantly improve the intensity hardness number of wheel, improve the anti-wear performance of wheel, but its too high levels will reduce wheel
Toughness and plasticity, therefore the present invention C scope is defined as between 0.62-0.68%.
, should to obtain high intensity hardness performance and high plastic property in terms of affecting laws of the alloying element to performance
Implement combined microalloying.Therefore, emphasis of the present invention is designed the Si in wheel steel, Mn, V content.
Seen by chemical composition and the relation of Ac1, Ac3 point, carrying high Si content makes to be not susceptible to Ovshinsky when heated wheel, cooling
Body phase becomes, martensite transfor mation, helps to improve wheel material heat resistanceheat resistant damage performance, but too high Si can increase the thermo-responsive of material
Property and fragility.Therefore Si scope is defined as between 0.70-1.10% by the present invention.
Mn is important intensified element in the present invention, wheel strength hardness performance can be effectively improved, so as to improve wheel
Anti-wear performance, but too high Mn has harmful effect to the comprehensive mechanical performance and processing characteristics of wheel, therefore the control of Mn contents exists
Between 0.70-0.90%.
V is solution strengthening element, while the effect that VN reaches crystal grain thinning can be combined to form with N, at rational heat
The strong hardness and toughness combination property of wheel can be improved under the conditions of reason simultaneously.But V content is too high, quenching for wheel steel can be significantly improved
Permeability energy, induces the formation of non-ferrous-pearlitic structrure, therefore, V content should be controlled in 0.07-0.15%, meanwhile, it is
Ensure the effect of crystal grain thinning, N content should be controlled in 0.006-0.009%.
P and S are impurity elements, therefore its content should be controlled no more than 0.012%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention possesses following beneficial effect：Wheel prepared by the present invention compares CL65 material cars
Steel is taken turns, under conditions of strong hardness level is basic quite, the crack growth threshold and fracture toughness of wheel can be effectively improved,
So as to effectively enhance anti-crack germinating and the Crack Extension ability of wheel.Meanwhile, the wheel that the present invention is made can keep former
There is the Ferrite-Perlite structure state of wheel, do not increase the difficulty of wheel preparation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is routine CL65 material rim for automobile wheel metallographic structures；
Fig. 2 is embodiment 1-2 rim for automobile wheel metallographic structures.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail by 1-2 and embodiment 1-2 below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
A kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel, including percentage by weight as shown in embodiment 1 in table 1 chemistry into
Point.Its preparation method is：Smelted and be directly casting continuously to form after refining vacuum outgas through LF+RH using 100 tons of ultra high electric arc furnacesRound billet, a diameter of 1098mm wheel is formed after cutting ingot, heating rolling, heat treatment, be specially：Molten steel is passed through
Cross electric furnace steel making process, LF stoves refining procedure, RH application of vacuum process, round billet continuous casting process, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment work
Sequence, processing, finished product detection process and formed.Described heat treatment step is：First after 855 DEG C are incubated 2.0 hours, it is air-cooled to
Room temperature, 3 hours are incubated at 875 DEG C, and wheel rim water-spraying control makes wheel rim interior metal accelerate with 2 DEG C/s~5 DEG C/s cooling velocity
Less than 560 DEG C are cooled to, finally in 520 DEG C of tempers 4 hours.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, rim for automobile wheel metallographic structure manufactured in the present embodiment and CL65 material wheels are basically identical, are
Fine pearlite+a small amount of ferrite.The present embodiment wheel mechanical performance is as shown in table 2, its strong hardness index and CL65 material wheels
Quite, but plasticity index rise.
Crack growth threshold contrast test is carried out on Zwick HFP 300kN HF fatigue testing machines, sample is
Through-type CT30mm, is taken from CL65 materials wheel and the present embodiment rim for automobile wheel same area, the result of the test such as institute of table 3
Show, compared to CL65 material wheels, the crack growth threshold of the present embodiment more preferably, prevents the ability of crack initiation stronger.
It is enterprising in MTS testing machines using the through-type breach compact tensile specimens of CT50mm by GB/T 4161-2007 standards
Road wheel rim fracture toughness KICTesting experiment, sample is taken from CL65 materials wheel and the present embodiment rim for automobile wheel same area.
As shown in table 4, the present embodiment fracture toughness test result is better than comparative example to result of the test, and Anticrack ability is stronger.
Embodiment 2
A kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel, including percentage by weight as shown in embodiment 2 in table 1 chemistry into
Point.Its preparation method is：Smelted and be directly casting continuously to form after refining vacuum outgas through LF+RH using 100 tons of ultra high electric arc furnacesRound billet, a diameter of 1098mm wheel is formed after cutting ingot, heating rolling, heat treatment, be specially：Molten steel is passed through
Cross electric furnace steel making process, LF stoves refining procedure, RH application of vacuum process, round billet continuous casting process, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment work
Sequence, processing, finished product detection process and formed.Described heat treatment step is：First after 865 DEG C are incubated 2.0 hours, it is air-cooled to
Room temperature, 3 hours are incubated at 885 DEG C, and wheel rim water-spraying control makes wheel rim interior metal accelerate with 2 DEG C/s~5 DEG C/s cooling velocity
Less than 560 DEG C are cooled to, finally in 500 DEG C of tempers 4 hours.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, rim for automobile wheel metallographic structure manufactured in the present embodiment and CL65 material wheels are basically identical, are
Fine pearlite+a small amount of ferrite.The present embodiment wheel mechanical performance is as shown in table 2, its strong hardness index and CL65 material wheels
Quite, but plasticity index rise.
Crack growth threshold contrast test is carried out on Zwick HFP 300kN HF fatigue testing machines, sample is
Through-type CT30mm, is taken from comparative example and the present embodiment rim for automobile wheel same area, and result of the test as shown in table 3, is compared
In CL65 material wheels, the crack growth threshold of the present embodiment more preferably, prevents the ability of crack initiation stronger.
It is enterprising in MTS testing machines using the through-type breach compact tensile specimens of CT50mm by GB/T 4161-2007 standards
Road wheel rim fracture toughness KICTesting experiment, sample is taken from CL65 materials wheel and the present embodiment rim for automobile wheel same area.
As shown in table 4, the present embodiment fracture toughness test result is better than CL65 material wheels to result of the test, and Anticrack ability is more
By force.
It can be seen that, wheel prepared by the present invention compares CL65 material wheel steels, under conditions of strong hardness level is basic quite,
The crack growth threshold and fracture toughness of wheel can be significantly improved, so as to effectively enhance the anti-crack germinating of wheel and split
Line extended capability.Meanwhile, the wheel that the present invention is made can keep the Ferrite-Perlite structure state of original wheel, not increase
Difficulty prepared by big wheel.
The wheel alloys composition (percentage by weight %) that the embodiment 1-2 of table 1 and routine CL65 materials are used
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | V | N | |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.006 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.67 | 1.05 | 0.85 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.0087 |
| CL65 materials | 0.54 | 0.30 | 0.78 | 0.009 | 0.014 | 0.25 | 0.004 | 0.0047 |
The rim for automobile wheel mechanical performance that the embodiment 1-2 of table 2 and routine CL65 materials are manufactured
| Rm(MPa) | A% | Z% | Hardness (HB) at 30mm under tread | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1048 | 16 | 42.6 | 299 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1066 | 17 | 39.3 | 305 |
| CL65 materials | 1047 | 16 | 40.5 | 301 |
The rim for automobile wheel crack growth threshold result of the test of table 3 embodiment 1-2 and CL65 material manufacture
The rim for automobile wheel fracture toughness test result of table 4 embodiment 1-2 and CL65 material manufacture
A kind of above-mentioned detailed description carried out with reference to embodiment to middle carbon railway freight-car with wheel steel and preparation method thereof, be
It is illustrative rather than limited, several embodiments can be included according to limited scope, therefore do not departing from the present invention
Changing and modifications under general plotting, should belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel, it is characterised in that include the chemical composition of following percentage by weight：C 0.62
~0.68%, Si 0.70~1.10%, Mn 0.70~0.90%, Cr≤0.15%, V 0.07-0.15%, P≤0.012%,
S≤0.012%, N 0.006~0.009%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
2. middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including following percentage by weight
Chemical composition：C 0.63~0.67%, Si 0.72~1.05%, Mn 0.76~0.85%, Cr 0.04~0.13%, V
0.08-0.14%, P 0.004~0.006%, S 0.006~0.010%, N 0.006~0.0087%, remaining is for Fe and not
Evitable impurity element.
3. middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that including following weight percent
The chemical composition of ratio：C 0.63%, Si 0.72%, Mn 0.76%, Cr 0.004%, V 0.08%, P 0.004%, S
0.006%th, N 0.006%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
4. middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that including following weight percent
The chemical composition of ratio：C 0.67%, Si1.05%, Mn 0.85%, Cr 0.13%, V 0.14%, P 0.006%, S
0.010%th, N 0.0087%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity element.
5. the preparation method of the middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that
The preparation method comprises the following steps：Electric furnace steel making process, LF stoves refining procedure, RH application of vacuum process, round billet continuous casting work
Sequence, cut ingot rolling process, heat treatment step, processing, finished product detection process；
Described heat treatment step is：First after 850-870 DEG C is incubated 2.0-2.5 hours, room temperature is air-cooled to, is then heated to
870-890 DEG C is incubated 2.5-3 hours, wheel rim water-spraying control, then in 500-520 DEG C of temper 4.0 hours.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that wheel rim water-spraying control make wheel rim interior metal with 2 DEG C/
S~5 DEG C/s cooling velocity accelerates to be cooled to less than 560 DEG C.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described heat treatment step is：First in 855-865
DEG C insulation 2.0-2.5 hour after, be air-cooled to room temperature, be then heated to 875-885 DEG C insulation 2.5-3 hours, wheel rim water-spraying control,
Then in 500-520 DEG C of temper 4.0 hours.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described heat treatment step is：First in 855 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature is air-cooled to room temperature after 2.0 hours, is then heated to 875 DEG C and is incubated 3 hours, wheel rim water-spraying control, then in 520 DEG C of tempering
Processing 4.0 hours.
9. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described heat treatment step is：First in 865 DEG C of guarantors
Temperature is air-cooled to room temperature after 2.0 hours, is then heated to 885 DEG C and is incubated 3 hours, wheel rim water-spraying control, then in 500 DEG C of tempering
Processing 4.0 hours.
10. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the metallographic of the middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel
It is organized as fine pearlite+a small amount of ferrite.
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| CN201710517780.0A CN107245651B (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2017-06-29 | A kind of middle carbon railway freight-car wheel steel and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108342648A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-31 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of high tenacity heavy duty goods train high-carbon wheel steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108707818A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-26 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of high-speed railway wheel and preparation method thereof effectively improving disc fatigue limit |
| CN110257727A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-09-20 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of middle carbon high rigidity heavy-duty wheel steel and its heat treatment method and heavy-duty wheel |
| CN110904311A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Anti-out-of-roundness wheel steel, wheel and preparation method of wheel |
| CN111560562A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-21 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Medium carbon steel wheel containing Cr and Mo and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN112126856A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-25 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Anti-scratch wheel steel for railway locomotive and preparation method of wheel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108342648A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-31 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of high tenacity heavy duty goods train high-carbon wheel steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108707818A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-26 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of high-speed railway wheel and preparation method thereof effectively improving disc fatigue limit |
| CN110257727A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-09-20 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of middle carbon high rigidity heavy-duty wheel steel and its heat treatment method and heavy-duty wheel |
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| CN111560562A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-21 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Medium carbon steel wheel containing Cr and Mo and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN112126856A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-25 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Anti-scratch wheel steel for railway locomotive and preparation method of wheel |
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